timents, but it is not necessarily associated with any bad passions. Confluence, confluere, (see FLuo,) to flow together. Conform, conformo, (see FOR MO,) I make a thing of the same form with another. Confound, confundo, (see FUNDO,) I pour things toge ther. Confute, and refute, confuto and refuto, are compounded of con, (for contra, against,) re, (for retro, back or again,) and futo, an obsolete verb for arguo, (I argue,) and signify, to argue against, or to argue the contrary. To confute, respects what is argumentative; refute, what is personal: an argument is confuted by proving its fallacy; a charge is refuted by proving one's innocence. Congeal, congelare, (gelare, to freeze,) to freeze together. Congenial, (see GENUS,) having the same nature with another. Congeries, congestion, congero, (see GERO,) I bear together. Congeries, a mass of small bodies heaped together. Congratulate, (gratus, pleasant or agreeable,) is to make agreeable, and is applicable either to ourselves or others. Felicitate, (felix, happy,) signifies to make happy, is applicable to ourselves only. We felicitate ourselves on having escaped danger; we congratulate others on their good fortune. Congregate, congrego, (see GREX,) I assemble together. Congress, congredior, (see GRADUS,) I step with another. Congress, is used to denote an appointed meeting for the settlement of affairs between different nations, as, the congress of Vienua; or between the different parts of the same nation, as in North America. Congruity, congruere, (grus, a crane,) literally, to come, together as cranes do, that is, in a flock; figuratively, congruity denotes that which is suitable to something else. Conjecture, conjicio, (see JACIO,) I cast together. Con jecture, is used at present only in a figurative sense, to denote the result of thoughts framed in the mind without design or foundation. Any circumstance, however trivial, may give rise to conjecture; some reasons are requisite to produce a supposition; a particular state of feeling or train of thinking may of itself create a surmise. Conjoin, conjungo, (see JUNGO,) I join several things together. Conjure, from conjuro, (see JURO,) I swear with another to do something. Conjure was formerly used to denote the act of influencing by the imaginary art of magic, but its use at the present is confined to denote the act of entreating earnestly and with solemnity; thus, "I conjure you-let him know, "Whate'er was done against him, Cato did it." Addison. [N. B. That the accent is on the first syllable in one instance, and on the second in the other.] Connate, (natus, born,) born with another. "A right opinion is that which connects distant truths by the shortest train of intermediate propositions." Johnson." It is odd to consider the connexion between despotism and barbarity, and how the making one person more than man, makes the rest less." Connive, conniveo, (nix, nivis, snow,) literally, I close my eyes, as when dazzled with snow; figuratively, I pretend to be blind or ignorant. Consanguinity, (sanguis, sanguinis, blood,) relationship by blood. 66 Consanguinity, or relation by blood, and affinity, or relation by marriage, are canonical disabilities to contract a marriage.' Blackstone. Conscience, conscious, consciens, (see Scio,) knowing within one's self. We are apprized of events, or what passes outwardly, through the medium of external circumstances; we are conscious, through the medium of ourselves only, of what passes within. "I know nothing so difficult for a generous mind to get over as calumny and reproach, and cannot find any method of quieting the soul under them, besides this single one, of our being conscious that we do not deserve them." Consecrate, consecro, (sacer, sacred,) I make sacred by a special act. Consecrate, is a species of formal dedication by virtue of a religious observance; hallow is a species of informal consecration: churches are consecrated; particular days are hallowed. Consent, consentio, (see SENTIO,) I feel in unison with another. "Contracts are formed by the consent of the parties who are interested." "A parent consents to the establishment of his children; he permits them to read certain books; he allows them to converse with him familiarly." Consequence, from consequor, (sequor, I follow,) signifies, the thing that follows in connection. "Consequences flow of themselves from the nature of things; results are drawn. Consequences proceed from actions in general; results proceed from particular efforts and attempts." Conserve, conservo, (see SERVO,) I keep together. Consider, considero, (from consido, or consideo, to sit down, or sit with others,) to oblige to sit down. The operation of thought is expressed by the words consider and reflect, but it varies in the circumstances of the action. Consideration is employed for practical purposes; reflection, for matters of speculation or moral improvement. Common objects call for consideration ; the workings of the mind itself, or objects purely spiritual, occupy reflection. Consign, consigno, (signum, a seal,) I sign or seal for a specific purpose. Consign usually implies the idea of transferring from one's self to another, by a formal agreement; thus, a person consigns his property over to another by a deed of law; a merchant consigns his goods to another, to dispose of them for his advantage. Consist, consisto, (see SISTO,) I stand with something else. Consistent, signifies the fitness to be placed to gether. "Truth is always consistent with itself, and needs nothing to help it out." Tillotson. Console, consolor, and solace, solatium, are evidently from the same source, (see SOLUM.) To console, and solace, denote the relieving of pain; but console is used on more important occasions than solace. We console our friends (with words or deeds) when they meet with afflictions; we solace ourselves (with reflections) when we meet with disasters. The greatest consolation which we can enjoy on the death of our friends, is derived from the hope that they have exchanged a state of imperfection and sorrow for one that is full of pure and unmixed felicity. Consolidate, consolido, (solidus, solid,) I make solid by uniting two or more things into one. Consonant, consono, (see SoNus,) I sound with another. Conspicuous, from conspicio, (see SPECIO,) easily to be seen; thus, we say, a house is conspicuous that stands on a hill. A thing is distinguished in proportion as it is distinct or separate from others; it is conspicuous in proportion as it is easily seen; it is noted in proportion as it is widely known. A rank is distinguished; a situation conspicuous; and a place noted. Conspiracy, conspiro, (see SPIRO,) literally, I breathe with another; figuratively, I am actuated with (or by) the same spirit or motive as another. Constant, consto, (see STO,) I stand with something else. "Constancy respects the affections; stability, the opinions; steadiness, the action, or the motives of action; firmness, the purpose or resolution." Constellation, (stella, a star,) an assemblage of stars. Constitute, constituo, (see STATUo,) I set together for a specific purpose. Constitution is that which is constituted; the word is variously used.-To the corporeal frame, as, "How little our constitution is able to bear a remove into parts of this air, not much higher than that we commonly breathe in." Locke. To the form of government, as, "The physician of the state, who undertakes to regenerate constitutions, ought to show uncommon powers." Burke.-"Government implies, generally, the exercising of authority under any form whatever; constitution implies a fixed form of government. We may have a government without a constitution; we cannot have a constitution without a government. In the first formation of society, government was placed in the hands of individuals who exercised authority according to discretion, rather than to any fixed rule or law: here then, was government without a constitution: as time and experience proved the necessity of some established form, and the wisdom of enlightened men discovered the advantages and disadvantages of different forms, government assumed a more definite shape; hence, then, the union of government and constitution." For further illustrations see Crabb's Synonymes. Constraint, constringo, (stringo, I bind,) literally, I bind together; figuratively, hinder by force. Constraint prevents from acting agreeably to the will; compulsion forces to act contrary to the will. Constraint may arise from outward circumstances; compulsion is always produced by some active agent: the forms of civil society lay a proper constraint upon the behaviour of men, so as to render them agreeable to each other; the arm of the civil power must ever be ready to compel those who will not submit without compulsion. Construct, construo, (see STRUES,) I form several things into one mass. From the raft or canoe, which first served to carry a savage over the river, to the construction of a vessel capable of conveying a numerous crew with safety to a distant coast, the progress in improvement is immense. Consult, consulto, a frequentative of consulo, signifies to counsel together. Consultations always require two persons at least; deliberations require many, or only a man's self: an individual may consult with one or many; assemblies commonly deliberate advice and information are given and received in consultations; Q |