and Other Poems," 1894; "The Sense of Beauty," 1896; Lucifer, a Theological Tragedy," 1899; Interpretations of Poetry and Religion," 1900.

SARGENT, Epes, author of the song "A Life on the Ocean Wave," b. Gloucester, Mass., 1813; d. Boston, Mass., 1880. He was one of the editors of the New York "Mirror," and editor for several years of the Boston "Evening Transcript." His play "The Bride of Genoa," 1836, was performed with success and followed by three others: "Velasco," 1837; "Change Makes Change,' " and "The Priestess." He published Wealth and Worth," a novel, 1840; a "Life of Henry Clay," 1843, and a memoir of Benjamin Franklin; Songs of the Sea," "Antic poems, 1847; Adventures by Sea and Land," 1857; and several works on spiritualism. He compiled a Cyclopædia of English and American Poetry," published after his death.

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SARGENT, John Osborne, lawyer, b. Gloucester, Mass., 1811; d. New York, N. Y., 1891. Brother of Epes Sargent. Graduating from Harvard in 1830, he studied law and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1833. In 1841, after several years of journalism as well, he became a member of the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States. During his practice in Washington he was one of the managers of "The Republic." Mr. Sargent edited some of the English poets, with biographies. It was his purpose to make translations of all the Odes of Horace; and though he did not live to complete this work, his Horatian Echoes," 1893, issued posthumously, with an introduction by O. W. Holmes, contains the majority of the Odes.

SAVAGE, Minot Judson, liberal Unitarian clergyman, b. Norridgewock, Me., 1841; educated at Bowdoin College and Bangor theological seminary. After some years of mission work in California, he was pastor, for twentytwo years, of the Church of the Unity, Boston, Mass., where his liberal preaching soon gathered a large congregation, and is now pastor of the Church of the Messiah, New York. Besides many books on religious and social themes, he has written Bluffton, a Story of Today," 1878; "Poems," 1882; Life beyond Death,"

1899.

SAVAGE, Philip Henry, b. North Brookfield, Mass., 1868; d. Mass., 1899. Son of the Rev. Minot Judson Savage. Graduated at Harvard University. His First Poems and Fragments" appeared in 1895, and was followed by "Poems," in 1898. He died, with fortitude, almost at the outset of what promised to be an enviable career.

SAXTON, Andrew Bice, b. Middlefield, N. Y., 1856. Graduated at Hartwick Seminary, N. Y. Was occupied as a farmer and teacher until 1890, when he accepted an editorial position on "The Herald " of Oneonta, N. Y.

SCHUYLER, Montgomery, journalist, b. Ithaca, N. Y., 1843. Son of the Rev. Anthony Schuyler, of Orange, N. J. Studied at Hobart College. He was connected with the N. Y. World" from 1865 to 1883, and more or less with "Harper's Weekly," when he joined the editorial staff of the N. Y. Times." He is engaged in preparing "A History of Architecture in the United States."

SCOLLARD, Clinton, b. Clinton, N. Y., 18 Sept., 1860. Graduated at Hamilton College, and took graduate courses at Harvard, and at Cambridge, England. He was professor of English literature at Hamilton College from 1888 to 1896, Clinton being his permanent residence. Author of "With Reed and Lyre," 1886; "Old and New World Lyrics," 1888; "Giovo and Giulia," 1891; "Songs of Sunrise Lands," 1892; Pictures in Songs," 1894 "The Hills of Song," 1895; Skenandoa," 1896; "A Boy's Book of Rhyme," 1896; and two prose works, Under Summer Skies," 1892; "On Sunny Shores," 1893.

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SCUDDER, Eliza, b. Barnstable, Mass., 1821; d. Weston, Mass., 1896. She was daughter of Elisha Gage Scudder. The volume of her "Hymns and Sonnets," 1880, was reissued in 1896 with an introduction by her cousin, Horace E. Scudder.

SEARING, Laura Catherine (Redden), "Howard Glyndon," b. Somerset Co., Md., 1840. She lost her speech and hearing at the age of ten, yet has done much journalistic work. In 1876 she was married to Edward W. Searing, of New York City, and in 1886 removed with him to California. Author of "Idyls of Battle," 1864; "Sounds from Secret Chambers," 1873.

SEARS, Edmund Hamilton, b. Sandisfield, Mass., 1810; d. Weston, Mass., 1876. Pastor of several Unitarian churches, and editor of "The Monthly Religious Magazine." He published "Christian Lyrics," 1860; "Sermons and Songs of the Christian Life," 1875; "That Glorious Song of Old," etc. SEWALL, Alice Archer. See A. A. (S.)

James.

SHINN, Milicent Washburn, b. Washington Township, Alameda Co., Cal., 1858. She graduated at the University of California, and in 1882 assumed the editorship of the new Overland Monthly," which she held until 1894. Besides her work of an editorial nature Miss Shinn has been a leading contributor to the magazines. Of late she has been engaged in the psychological study of children. Her investigations have met with both scientific and literary recognition and have brought her the degree of Ph. D. m. c. l., from her own university.

SICKLES, David Banks, diplomat, b. New York, N. Y., 1837. Engaged in newspaper work, and was a correspondent in the Civil War. He was United States minister to Siam from 1876 to 1881. He has lectured extensively on Oriental subjects, and is the author of Leaves of the Lotus," 1896; "The Land of the Lotus," 1899, and of much miscellaneous prose and verse.

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"SIEGVOLK, Paul." - See Albert Ma

thews.

SIGOURNEY, Lydia (Huntley), educator and philanthropist, b. Norwich, Conn., 1 Sept., 1791; d. Hartford, Conn., 10 June, 1865. A pioneer among American women in literature and in advocacy of the higher education for women. She taught for two years in Norwich, and afterward established her famous select school for young ladies at Hartford in 1814. She was married in 1819 to Charles Sigourney. Among her fifty-three volumes of prose and verse are "Moral Pieces in Prose and Verse,' 1815; Traits of the Aborigines," 1822; "Poems by the Author of Moral Pieces," 1827;

"Poetry for Children," 1823; 'Zinzendorff, and Other Poems," 1836; "Pocahontas, and Other Poems," 1841; Water Drops, a Plea for Temperance,' 1847; "Post Meridian," 1854; "The Daily Counsellor," poems, 1858; "The Man of Uz, and Other Poems,' 1862; "Letters of Life," issued posthumously, 1866.

SILL, Edward Rowland, b. Windsor, Conn., 1841; d. Cleveland, O., 1887. He was graduated at Yale in 1861, and after teaching several years at Cuyahoga Falls, O., was professor of English literature at the University Hermione, of California, 1874-82. He wrote and Other Poems," 186-; "The Hermitage, and Later Poems," 1867; "The Venus of Milo, and other Poems," a posthumous volume, 1888; and a posthumous collection of "The Prose of Edward Rowland Sill: Being Essays in Literature and Education, and Friendly Letters," 1900. Sill was a man of rare temperament and insight, and those who knew him have never ceased to regret his loss.

SIMMS, William Gilmore, novelist, b. Charleston, S. C., 1806; d. there, 1870. Published Lyrical and Other Poems," 1826. Became editor and owner of the Charleston " 'City Gazette." His best-known poem is "Atalantis, a Tale of the Sea," 1832. Among his colonial, Revolutionary, and frontier novels are Yemassee, The Partisan," 1835; "Castle Dismal," 1845; "The Wigwam and the Cabin, or Tales of the South," 1845-46. Wrote biographies of Marion, Greene, Capt. John Smith, Chevalier Bayard. "A History of South Carolina" appeared in 1840; Areytos, or Songs and Ballads of the South," in 1846; and his selected works in 19 vols., 1859. He wrote a number of dramas for the stage.

SMITH, Elizabeth Oakes (Prince), b. Cumberland, Me., 1806; d. 1893. Her later years were spent in New York, N. Y., and Hollywood, S. C. Wife of the journalist and satirist Seba Smith. She advocated woman's rights, and was the earliest woman lecturer in America. Author of "The Sinless Child and Other Poems," 1841; "Old New York, or Jacob Leisler," a tragedy, etc. Her children assumed the name of Oaksmith.

SMITH, Harry Bache, librettist, b. Buffalo, N. Y., 1860. He wrote dramatic and literary criticisms for the newspaper press until he turned his attention to dramatic authorship, "The Begum," his first opera, was produced in 1887. Of the many others Robin Hood' appeared in 1891, and "Rob Roy" in 1893. His miscellaneous poems were published as "Lyrics and Sonnets," 1894.

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SMITH, Mary (" May ") Louise Riley, b. Brighton, N. Y., 1842. After her marriage to Albert Smith she removed to New York City. She has published A Gift of Gentians, and Other Verses," 1882; "The Inn of Rest," 1888; Cradle and Armchair," poems, 1893; "Sometime, and Other Poems," 1897.

SPALDING, John Lancaster, Catholic bishop of Peoria, Ill., b. Lebanon, Ky., 1840. He is actively interested in education and literature. Author of a "Life of Archbishop Spalding," his uncle, 1872; "Essays and Reviews, 1876; "America, and Other Poems," 1885; "The Poet's Praise," 1891; "Education and the Higher Life," 1891; "Things of the Mind," 1894; Songs, Chiefly from the German, 1896. Bishop Spalding is one of the most refined and imaginative of latter-day meditative poets.

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SPALDING, Susan (Marr), b. Bath, Me., 18-. She was educated at a young ladies' seminary. Her parents' death occasioned her removal to the home of relatives in New York, where she married a gentleman of that city. A few years later she made Philadelphia her permanent residence. Author of "The Wings of Icarus, and Other Poems," 1892.

SPINGARN, Joel Elias, Columbia University, Class of 1895.

SPOFFORD, Harriet Elizabeth (Prescott), b. Calais, Me., 1835. She studied at Pinkerton Academy, Derry, N. H. Her father becoming an invalid, she added to her family's scanty income by writing stories for periodicals. Her first story of unusual merit was "In a Cellar," "Atlantic Monthly," 1859. Since her marriage to Richard S. Spofford, she has lived on Deer Island, in the Merrimac River, near Newburyport, Mass. Her works include "Sir Rohan's Ghost," 1859; "The Amber Gods, and Other Stories," 1863, which gave her an instant reputation; "Azarian," an episode, 1864; New England Legends," 1871;"The Thief in the Night," 1872; " Marquis of Carabas," poems, 1882; "Ballads about Authors, 1887; In Titian's Garden, and Other Poems," 1897.

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lyrics are familar to all newspaper readers, and are widely popular.

STARR, Hattie, composer, b. Rome, N. Y., 18-. She married the late Chas. L. Harris, an actor. Miss Starr is the composer, as well as the verse-maker, of many popular songs. Her "Little Alabama Coon" is perhaps the most notable example of the so-called "coon-songs," a typical class of attempts to revive for the end of the century something of the melody and charm belonging to the earlier songs of the South.

STEBBINS, Mary Elizabeth (Moore) (Hewitt), b. Malden, Mass., 1818; was married to James L. Hewitt, and in 1829 removed to New York. She wrote a "Memorial of F. S.

Osgood; 'Songs of Our Lord, and Other Poems," 1845; Heroines of History;" Poems Sacred, Passionate, and Legendary." Her poem "Harold the Valiant" appeared closely upon the date of Longfellow's "Skeleton in Armor," with which it has points of resemblance. The present editor has been unable to determine which lyric has the right of chronological precedence.

STEDMAN, Edmund Clarence, b. Hartford, Conn., 8 Oct., 1833. (Son of Mrs. E. C. Kinney, q. v.) He entered Yale at the age of fifteen, and took first prize for his poem on "Westminster Abbey," but was suspended for irregularities at the end of his sophomore year. In 1871, he was restored to his class (that of '53) and given the degree of M. A. Edited the Norwich "Tribune" and Winsted "Herald,” 1852-55, but in the latter year went to New York. After a temporary connection with Greeley's "Tribune" where he first printed his "Tribune Lyrics " ("Osawatomie Brown," "The Diamond Wedding," etc.) he joined the staff of the N. Y. "World" in 1860, and was its war correspondent, 1861-63. For a time he served in Washington under Lincoln's attorney general, Edward Bates. In 1864 he aided in the construction and financiering of the first section of the first Pacific Railway. This led him into Wall Street, and, desiring to have time and means for strictly literary work, he there remained from 1864; becoming, 1869, an active member of the Stock Exchange, and holding his seat until 1900. Among his works are "Poems Lyric and Idyllic," 1860; Alice of Monmouth," 1863;"The Blameless Prince," 1869; "Victorian Poets," 1875 (London 1876) Hawthorne, and Other Poems," 1877; Lyrics and Idylls" (London), 1879; "Poems, Household Edition," 1884; "Poets of Amer1885; "The Nature and Elements of (lectures forming the initial course Poetry of the Turnbull Chair of Poetry, Johns Hopkins Univ.), 1892; Poems Now First Collected,"

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ica,"

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1897. Since 1866 has worked for international copyright, and succeeded Mr. Lowell as president of the American Copyright League in 1891. He re-delivered his lectures on poetry at the University of Pennsylvania, and at Columbia University, and received from Columbia the

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degree of L. H. D. In 1894, his Alma Mater, Yale, gave him the degree of LL. D., and he wrote the Commencement Ode," set to imposing music by Prof. Parker and sung at Yale on stated occasions. Has edited, among other works, A Library of American Literature," with Ellen M. Hutchinson, 1888-89; The Works of Edgar Allan Poe," with G. E. Woodberry, 1895; A Victorian Anthology," 1895. The present Anthology completes a critical series begun in "Victorian Poets." [L. C. B.]

STETSON, Charlotte (Perkins), socialist, b. Hartford, Conn., 186-. Great-granddaughter of Lyman Beecher. Much of her time has been given to lecturing on various reforms. Mrs. Stetson received the gold medal of the Alameda Country Trades and Labor Union for an essay on The Labor Movement," and is the author of "Woman and Economics." 'In this our World," verse, was published in 1893. STETSON, Grace Ellery Channing. - See Mrs. Channing-Stetson.

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STILLMAN, Annie Raymond, Grace Raymond," b. Charleston, S. C., 1855. Descended from Elias Badeau, one of the Huguenot settlers in New Rochelle. Resided at Charleston until 1892, when she removed to Birmingham, Ala. Author of "How They Kept the Faith: a Tale of the Huguenots of Languedoc," 1889, and of occasional poems and sketches.

STOCKARD, Henry Jerome, educator, b. North Carolina, 1858. Graduated from the University of North Carolina, where he was afterwards associate professor. Later he was professor at Fredericksburg College. His 'Fugitive Lines" appeared in 1897.

STODDARD, Charles Warren, b. Rochester, N. Y., 1843. When a boy he received encouragement from Bret Harte, who edited his first book of verse. Some of his life since 1864 has been spent in the Hawaiian Islands. From 1873 to 1878 he visited many countries as correspondent of the San Francisco "Chronicle." He was professor of English literature at Notre Dame College, Ind., and is now a lecturer on English literature at the Catholic University, Washington, D. C. Author of "Poems," 1867; "South Sea Idyls," 1873; "Summer Cruising in the South Seas," 1874; "Mashallah! 1880; "The Lepers of Molokai," 1885. The first selection from Mr. Stoddard's verse, p. 445, is a poem delivered on the reception by the Bohemian Club of a royal mummy from the tombs of Egypt.

STODDARD, Elizabeth Drew (Barstow), b. Mattapoisett, Mass., 6 May, 1823. Her father was connected with shipping interests. Mrs. Stoddard was educated at a young ladies' seminary. She was married to Richard Henry Stoddard, the poet, in 1851, and since then has resided in New York City. She began to contribute poems to the periodicals a few years after her marriage. In 1862 the first of her highly original novels, "The Morgesons," appeared, followed by "Two Men," 1865, and "Temple House," 1867. They were reissued in 1888, with an introduction by the editor of this work. Her "Poems" were collected and published in 1895. A series of articles giving Mrs. Stoddard's recollections of "Literary Folk as They Came and Went, with Ourselves,' appeared in the "Saturday Evening Post" of Philadelphia, 1900.

STODDARD, Lavinia (Stone), b. Guilford, Conn., 1787; d. Blakely, Ala., 1820. She was the wife of Dr. William Stoddard, and with him conducted an academy at Troy, N. Y. Her poem "The Soul's Defiance "is the best-known of her writings.

STODDARD, Richard Henry, poet and journalist, b. Hingham, Mass., 2 July, 1825. His father was a sea-captain, and was lost at sea; his mother removed to New York in 1835, and there re-married. The son obtained his education at the public schools of that city, and sought work in an iron foundry, which he continued until 1849, supplementing his earlier studies by reading the best authors, and more particularly poetry. He made friends with Bayard Taylor, just after the publication of the latter's Views Afoot." Mrs. Caroline Kirkland was then editing the "Union Magazine," and going abroad in 1847, she left the magazine in Mr. Taylor's charge, and recommended Mr. Stoddard to him. Stoddard's first poem appeared in this magazine, and in 1849 he issued a small volume of verse, Footprints,' the edition of which was afterwards suppressed. Failing health having obliged him to give up his occupation at the foundry, he devoted himself altogether to literary work. He became a contributor to the "Knickerbocker" and other leading magazines; and his second volume, "Poems," was published in 1852, containing "Leonatus,' ""The Witch's Whelp," and other poems, which brought him into much favor. He had become acquainted with Read, Boker, and other prominent authors of Philadelphia, Boston, and New York, and visited Hawthorne at Concord, with James T. Fields and Edwin P. Whipple, in the summer of 1852. In 1852, also, he married Miss Elizabeth Barstow, of Mattapoisett, Mass. The following year, with the assistance of Hawthorne, he obtained a position in the New York custom-house, which he held until 1870, having found that the literary market of that time gave returns that needed supplementing by another means of support. The poems contained in "Songs of Summer," 1857, had appeared in "Putnam's

Monthly" and other periodicals, and this book marked a new phase in American poetry, wholly devoted as it was to beauty and feeling, and not to didactics or reform. Mr. Stoddard was literary editor of the N. Y. "World" from 1860 to 1870. "The King's Bell," a narrative poem, appeared in 1863, as also the grandly phrased "Abraham Lincoln: a Horatian Ode," 1865; and these confirmed his reputation. They were followed by "The Book of the East," 1867. From 1859 to 1861 the Stoddards and Taylors occupied the same house in New York, and in the former year their long friendship with the editor of the present work began. In 1872, Stoddard became editor of "The Aldine," a New York literary journal, which he managed for several years. From 1880 to the present time he has been literary editor of the N. Y. "Mail and Express." His studies in early and recent English poetry, which have made him a leading authority on this subject, have taken shape in several volumes. "The Loves and Heroines of the Poets," 1861, is of biographical, critical, and descriptive character. He edited "Melodies and Madrigals, mostly from the Old English Poets," 1865, and selections from "The Late English Poets," 1865. More recently he has edited, with W. J. Linton, " English Verse," in five volumes, 1883; and a volume of his essays, chiefly concerning modern English poets, has been published as Under the Evening Lamp," 1892. Mr. Stoddard also edited the enlarged edition of Griswold's " Poets and Poetry of America and "Female Poets of America," 1872-73, and wrote a Memoir of Poe for the reissue of Griswold's edition of the Select Works," 1880. He prepared the monographs on Bryant, Irving, Shelley, and other authors, and edited the Bric-a-Brac" series, in ten volumes, 1874-76. A collective edition of his

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Poems" appeared in 1880. His later poetry is mostly contained in "The Lion's Cub, with Other Verse," 1890. He delivered, before the Army of the Potomac, at Springfield, Mass., a poem entitled "The Victories of Peace

in

1878, and the same year recited his poem " History," before the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Harvard. Mr. Stoddard was the guest of the Authors Club, assisted by members of the Century Association, at New York, at a brilliant dinner given in his honor on March 26, 1897. His voice is as lyrical, and his touch as fine and strong as ever, despite the years that weigh upon the most distinguished of living American poets. The poem of "The Witch's Whelp," p. 279, was written as a companion piece to, and at the same time with, Bayard Taylor's Ariel," p. 271. Cp. "Poets of America," pp. 57, 58, 403, and "The Nature and Elements of Poetry," p. 252.

STORY, William Wetmore, sculptor, b. Salem, Mass., 12 Feb., 1819; d. Vallombrosa, near Florence, Italy, 7 Oct., 1895. He was a son of Justice Joseph Story, of the U. S. Supreme Court. Graduating at Harvard, and entering the bar, he was occupied with legal work until 1848, preparing several volumes

of law books; but in that year he abandoned his profession, and thereafter making his residence in Rome, devoted himself to sculpture, in which art he gained a leading position. Mr. Story's "Poems" appeared in 1847, and was followed by numerous volumes of poetry, fiction, and essays. Among his poems "Cleopatra "is perhaps the best known. His books include Life and Letters of Joseph Story," 1851; "Roba di Roma," prose, 1862; "Graffiti d'Italia," poems, 1868; "Nero: an Historical Play, 1875; "He and She; or a Poet's Portfolio," 1883; Fiammetta," a novel, 1885; "Poems," 1886; "Conversations in a Studio,' 1890; and "Excursions in Art and Letters," essays, 1891.

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STOWE, Mrs. Harriet Elizabeth Beecher, b. Litchfield, Conn., 14 June, 1812; d. Hartford, Conn., 1 July, 1896. Before removing to Cincinnati with her father, Lyman Beecher, in 1832, she studied and taught in her sister Catherine's school at Hartford. In 1836 she was married to the Rev. Calvin E. Stowe, of Lane Seminary. Having strong anti-slavery opinions, they received fugitives in their home, and were close observers of slavery in the Southern States. In 1849 Mrs. Stowe published

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"A

The Mayflower, or Short Sketches of the Descendants of the Pilgrims." "Uncle Tom's Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly," first appeared, as a serial, in the Washington "National Era," in 1851; in 1852 it was issued in book-form, and by the end of the year, it is said, its sale on both sides of the water had amounted to more than a million copies. Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin" and "A Peep for Children into Uncle Tom's Cabin " appeared in 1853. After her first visit to Europe, where she was received with great distinction, she published, with her husband, two volumes of travel, "Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands,” 1854. Among later works by this world-famous woman are "Dred, a Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp," 1856; "The Minister's Wooing," 1859; "The Pearl of Orr's Island,' 1862; Agnes of Sorrento," 1862 ; "Religious Poems," 1865; Men of our Times," 1868; Lady Byron Vindicated, a History of the Byron Controversy, 1869; "Pink and White Tyranny," 1871; Palmetto Leaves," 1873; Footsteps of the Master," 1876 Poganuc People," 1878; A Dog's Mission," 1881.

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STREET, Alfred Billings, b. Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1811; d. Albany, N. Y.. 1881. For thirty-three years librarian of New York State. Author of "The Burning of Schenectady, and Other Poems," 1842; "Drawings and Tintings," poems, 1844; "Fugitive Poems," 1846; "Frontenac, or the Atotarho of the Iroquois, a Metrical Romance," celebrating the expedition of Frontenac, governor-general of Canada, against the Iroquois; London and New York, 1849; Forest Pictures in the Adirondacks," 1865.

SUTPHEN, William Gilbert van Tassel,