Principles of Political Economy: With Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy, Том 2J.W. Parker and Son, 1849 |
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Стр. xiii
... Debt . § 1. Is it desirable to defray extraordinary public expenses by loans ? 411 415 417 417 420 425 427 431 2. Not desirable to redeem a national debt by a general contri- bution 435 3. In what cases desirable to maintain a surplus ...
... Debt . § 1. Is it desirable to defray extraordinary public expenses by loans ? 411 415 417 417 420 425 427 431 2. Not desirable to redeem a national debt by a general contri- bution 435 3. In what cases desirable to maintain a surplus ...
Стр. 7
... other debtors a licence to rob theirs , by the shallow and impudent artifice of lowering the standard ; that least covert of all modes of knavery , which consists in calling a shilling a pound , that a debt of a MONEY .
... other debtors a licence to rob theirs , by the shallow and impudent artifice of lowering the standard ; that least covert of all modes of knavery , which consists in calling a shilling a pound , that a debt of a MONEY .
Стр. 8
... debt of a hundred pounds may be cancelled by the payment of a hundred shillings . It would have been as simple a plan , and would have answered the purpose as well , to have enacted that " a hundred " should always be interpreted to ...
... debt of a hundred pounds may be cancelled by the payment of a hundred shillings . It would have been as simple a plan , and would have answered the purpose as well , to have enacted that " a hundred " should always be interpreted to ...
Стр. 33
... debt of one pound , and he can procure silver convertible into twenty shillings for less gold than that contained in a sovereign . The other consequence will be , that unless a sovereign can be sold for more than twenty shillings , all ...
... debt of one pound , and he can procure silver convertible into twenty shillings for less gold than that contained in a sovereign . The other consequence will be , that unless a sovereign can be sold for more than twenty shillings , all ...
Стр. 35
... debt . When this plan is adopted , it is naturally the more costly metal which is left to be bought and sold as an article of commerce . But nations which , like England , adopt the more costly of the two as their standard , resort to a ...
... debt . When this plan is adopted , it is naturally the more costly metal which is left to be bought and sold as an article of commerce . But nations which , like England , adopt the more costly of the two as their standard , resort to a ...
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
accumulation Adam Smith advantage agricultural amount assignats bank notes Bank of England bankers benefit bills bullion capitalists cause cheaper cheapness circulation circumstances coin commerce commodities consequences consumers corn corn laws cost of labour cost of production cultivation currency dealers debt degree demand depend diminished direct tax duty economical effect employed employment England equal equivalent exchange exchange value existing expense exports fall favour France Germany gold greater imports improvement income increase individual industry labour and capital land landlords law of value less loans lower means ment mode necessary obtain Octavo paid payment persons population portion precious metals present principle produce proportion purchase quantity raise rate of interest rate of profit rent revenue rise of price speculation sumers supply suppose taxation things tion tithe trade value of money wages wealth whole yards of cloth
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Стр. 484 - The only case in which, on mere principles of political economy, protecting duties can be defensible, is when they are imposed temporarily (especially in a young and rising nation) in hopes of naturalizing a foreign industry, in itself perfectly suitable to the circumstances of the country.
Стр. 349 - Fourthly, by subjecting the people to the frequent visits and the odious examination of the tax-gatherers, it may expose them to much unnecessary trouble, vexation, and oppression...
Стр. 121 - It is hardly possible to overrate the value, in the present low state of human improvement, of placing human beings in contact with persons dissimilar to themselves, and with modes of thought and action unlike those with which they are familiar.
Стр. 506 - Experience, however, proves that the depositaries of power who are mere delegates of the people, that is of a majority, are quite as ready (when they think they can count on popular support) as any organs of oligarchy, to assume arbitrary power, and encroach unduly on the liberty of private life.
Стр. 349 - The certainty of what each individual ought to pay is, in taxation, a matter of so great importance, that a very considerable degree of inequality, it appears, I believe, from the experience of all nations, is not near so great an evil as a very small degree of uncertainty.
Стр. 512 - Letting alone, in short, should be the general practice: every departure from it, unless required by some great good, is a certain evil.
Стр. 122 - ... it may be said without exaggeration that the great extent and rapid increase of international trade, in being the principal guarantee of the peace of the world, is the great permanent security for the uninterrupted progress of the ideas, the institutions, and the character of the human race.
Стр. 348 - The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.
Стр. 348 - The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid, ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor and to every other person.
Стр. 247 - ... the unlimited, growth of man's power over nature. Our knowledge of the properties and laws of physical objects shows no sign of approaching its ultimate boundaries: it is advancing more rapidly, and in a greater number of directions at once, than in any previous age or generation, and affording such frequent glimpses of unexplored fields beyond, as to justify the belief that our acquaintance with nature is still almost in its infancy.