upon to undertake a duty seemingly not less repugnant to him.

3

The Duke of Cumberland after his victory at Culloden on April 16 had remained at Inverness until May 23, 1746. On that date he marched to Fort Augustus,' and on July 18 vacated the command and proceeded to London.2 General Hawley, who had been appointed Commander-in-Chief in Scotland in succession to Sir John Cope, and had been no more successful at Falkirk than his predecessor at Prestonpans, had been allowed to tender his resignation, and to Albemarle's chagrin he was appointed his successor. He had no desire, he wrote to the Duke of Newcastle on June 14, to be left "in this cursed country". "I know ye people, I know ye country, and that my predecessors have split against a sharpe rock," he explained. Albemarle, in fact, was anxious to accompany Cumberland to Flanders, whither the Duke proceeded at the end of the year. Cumberland, however, refused to entertain Albemarle's objections, and on August 23, 1746, the appointment of the new Commander-in-Chief in Scotland was gazetted."

On August 22, 1746, the Duke of Newcastle directed a despatch to Albemarle urging him in particular to use every endeavour to secure the person of Prince Charles.' The letters printed in the first volume sufficiently attest Albemarle's vigilance in that matter. Otherwise his administration was marked by no particular incident. In the somewhat difficult task of maintaining good relations with the civil authorities he appears to have been successful, and to have acted with judgment and He remained at Fort Augustus until August 13, when he proceeded to Edinburgh, and remained there, seemingly in

tact.

1Scots Magazine, vol. viii., p. 284.

4 P. 5.

5 P. 9.

2 Ibid., vol. viii., p. 342. 6 Scots Magazine, vol. viii., p. 399.

3 Supra, p. 6. 7 P. 137, supra.

Sir John Cope's house,' until he vacated the command and sailed for Flanders on March 6, 1747.2 At the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) he was sent to Paris as Minister Plenipotentiary, and in the following year he received the Garter. In 1754 he was again despatched upon a mission to Paris, and died there suddenly on December 22 of that year. His son George Viscount Bury succeeded him.3

The Army in
Scotland.

The English army in Scotland under Cumberland's command at Culloden consisted of fifteen battalions of foot, three regiments of hussars, the Duke of Kingston's horse, the artillery train under Colonel Belford, and some of the Argyllshire militia. The line regiments consisted of: 1st Royal Scots, Midlothian (St. Clair's); 3rd, the Buffs, East Kent (Howard's); 4th, Royal Lancaster (Barrell's); 8th, Liverpool (Wolfe's); 13th, Somersetshire (Pulteney's); 14th, West Yorkshire (Price's); 20th, Lancashire (Bligh's); 21st, Scots Fusiliers, Ayr (Campbell's); 25th, Scottish Borderers (Sempill's); 27th, Inniskilling Fusiliers (Blakeney's); 34th, Border, Carlisle (Cholmondeley's); 36th, Worcestershire (Fleming's); 37th, Hampshire (Munro's later, Dejean's); 48th, Northamptonshire (Ligomer's, later Conway's) and Batereau's. The three regiments of hussars were the 3rd (Bland's); 10th (Cobham's); 11th (Lord Mark Ker's). Cumberland's effective strength in the battle is given officially as 8,811, to which number the infantry battalions furnished 6,411.* Four days (April 20) after the Battle of Culloden,

3 Cf. Mr. H. Manners Chichester's article in Dict. Nat. Biog., vol. xxxi., p. 44, where the authorities for Albemarle's career are cited. Mr. Chichester has misdated Albemarle's command in Scotland to a period subsequent to 1748.

* On this matter, cf. Notes and Queries, January, 1901, p. 24; Blaikie, Itinerary, p. 98; Home, History of the Rebellion, p. 229; Scots Magazine, vol. viii., p. 216.

Skelton's, Handasyde's, Houghton's, and Mordaunt's regiments arrived in transports at Leith and after a few days proceeded to the Moray Firth to join the army at Inverness. At about the same time the Stirling militia were called out to guard the Fords of Frew, while detachments of the Edinburgh militia were stationed along the south bank of the Forth, west of Edinburgh, thereby effectually holding the passes from the Highlands into the Low country.'

With so large a force at his disposal Cumberland resolved to follow up his recent victory, and to advance into the heart of the Highland country to inflict punishment upon the clansmen and their Chiefs. On May 23 he marched from Inverness, taking with him Barrell's, Wolfe's, Skelton's, Sackville's, Campbell's Scots Fusiliers, Houghton's, Dejean's, and Conway's foot, with Kingston's horse, and reached Fort Augustus the following day. A week later (May 31) Houghton's regiment occupied Fort William and relieved Guise's regiment, which had withstood the siege of the Fort in the spring. The work of vengeance was at once and rigorously prosecuted. From Fort Augustus parties were sent through the Highland glens. Wherever these came they left nothing that belonged to the rebels. They burnt all the houses and carried off the cattle." 4 In Appin Campbell's Argyllshire militia were engaged upon the same task.5 Loudoun's Independent Companies, which had

66

1 Scots Magazine, vol. viii., p. 237.

3

2 Ibid., vol. viii., pp. 241, 284. Major-General Bland, with Price's, Howard's, and Cholmondeley's regiments, had preceded the Duke from Inverness on May 16. (Ibid., vol. viii., p. 284.)

3 Ibid., vol. viii., p. 286. Guise's regiment proceeded to Berwick. (Ibid., vol. viii., p. 394.) 4 Ibid., vol. viii., p. 287. This short sentence is sufficiently expressive. Cf. a letter in my Rising of 1745, p. 158, and Bishop Forbes's "Barbarities after Culloden," in Chambers, Jacobite Memoirs, p. 231. The State Papers in the Record Office contain unpleasant details of Cumberland's orgies.

"Scots Magazine, vol, viii., p. 241.

been absent from Culloden, and had preceded Cumberland to Fort Augustus, were similarly employed in Lochiel's country and in Badenoch.1

Meanwhile arrangements had been made for establishing a military force in the districts outside the area of actual operations. Major-General William Blakeney was left in command at Inverness after Cumberland's departure on May 23, and had under his command there his own, Handasyde's, Mordaunt's, and Batereau's regiments. Brigadier Mordaunt arrived at Perth on May 19 with the Royal Scots, Sempill's, and Pulteney's regiments, and replaced the Hessians, who embarked at Leith and sailed for Flanders on June 10. About May 23 Fleming's regiment proceeded from Inverness to Aberdeen, to the little content, as it proved, of the inhabitants. A month earlier (April 23) Cobham's dragoons and (April 30) Lord Ancram with Ker's dragoons had left Inverness to guard the eastern coast."

Such remained the military situation in Scotland until Cumberland vacated the command at Fort Augustus on July 18, 1746. He left Scotland divided into four military districts. No. I. stretched from Fort Augustus to Inverness and thence to Spey-mouth, and was under the command of Major-General Blakeney at Inverness. Within that area the following regiments were distributed: Houghton's at Fort William, Loudoun's regiment and his Independent Companies at Fort Augustus, Blakeney's and Batereau's regiments at Inverness, Mordaunt's at Nairn, and Handasyde's at Elgin. No. II. included the district from Spey-mouth along the coast to Dundee, and was

1 Scots Magazine, vol. viii., pp. 240, 241, 284.

3 Ibid., vol. viii., pp. 240, 289. Cf. p. 4, supra, note 1.

2 Ibid., vol. viii., p. 285.

4 Ibid., vol. viii., p. 241. More complaints of the army's conduct were presented by Aberdeen than any other town in Scotland, so far as the papers in these volumes furnish information.

5 Ibid., vol. viii., p. 237.

garrisoned by Dejean's at Cullen and Fleming's at Aberdeen. Major-General Skelton was in command. No. III. was centred at Perth, where Major-General Huske and Brigadier Mordaunt were placed in command of the Royal Scots, Sackville's and Skelton's regiments and the artillery train. No. IV. included the district from Stirling southward, and was commanded by Major-General Bland and Lord Sempill. Under their supervision were Barrell's, Price's, and Conway's regiments at Stirling, the Scots Fusiliers at Glasgow, and Lee's at Canongate, Edinburgh. The horse regiments of St. George, Cobham, Ker, Naizon, and Hamilton were sent to grass. At the same time the strength of the army in Scotland was diminished by the despatch of Wolfe's, Pulteney's, and Sempill's regiments to Flanders. Howard's Buffs proceeded to Carlisle. Cholmondeley's was ordered to Newcastle, and Kingston's horse marched to England to disband.*

Albemarle remained in camp until August 13, when, owing to the badness of the weather and the defective equipment of the troops in clothing and tents," he set out from Fort Augustus to Edinburgh, leaving Lord Loudoun at Fort Augustus with his regiment and seventeen Independent Companies composed of Macleods, Mackays, Monroes, and Sir Alexander Macdonald of Sleat's clan," whom Albemarle deemed sufficient to "not only suppress any of the Rebells, were they to assemble in small Bodies for the Defence of the Cattle, but also apprehend the Pretender's Son, if he should remain in this Country ".?

7

1 Scots Magazine, vol. viii., p. 342. The above distribution does not appear to have been completed until Albemarle broke up the camp at Fort Augustus on August 13. Cf. ibid., vol. viii., p. 393, and No. CLV. supra.

2 They sailed at the beginning of August.—Supra, p. 33.

3 The regiment reached Glasgow from Stirling on July 30, and on August 1 marched for

Carlisle. Scots Magazine, vol. viii., P. 393.

4 They disbanded at Nottingham on September 15.-Ibid., vol. viii., pp. 342, 441.

5 Supra, p. 15.

6 Scots Magazine, vol. viii., p. 394.

7 Supra, p. 15.