(6) Write sentences to illustrate the correct use of the indefinite pronouns each, all, either, both, neither, none, any, few, and a few.

(7) Make out a list of what you regard as the most common mistakes in the use of pronouns, and in each case tell the correct form.

138. Parsing of Pronouns.-To parse a pronoun we tell the following:

(1) Class.

(2) Antecedent if it is a relative pronoun.

(3) Person if it is a personal or a relative pronoun.*

(4) Gender.

(5) Number. (6) Case.

(7) Grammatical use.

Models for parsing pronouns:

Whoever told him this was mistaken.

We are commanded to love one another.

1. Whoever is a compound relative pronoun, the antecedent of which is implied, third person, masculine or feminine gender, singular number, nominative case, subject of the verb told.

2. Him is a personal pronoun, third person, masculine gender, singular number, objective case, indirect object of the verb told.

3. This is a demonstrative pronoun, neuter gender, singular number, objective case, direct object of the verb told.

4. We is a personal pronoun, first person, masculine or feminine gender, plural number, nominative case, subject of the verb-phrase are commanded.

5. One another is an indefinite reciprocal pronoun, masculine or feminine gender, singular number, objective case, direct object of the infinitive to love.

*Other pronouns are regularly of the third person. can be told in parsing if the teacher prefers.

Their person

EXERCISE 98

Parse the pronouns in the following sentences:

1. He lives long that lives well.

2. Few shall part where many meet!
3. I know everything except myself.
4. All I know is that I know nothing.
5. Who is this that lights the wigwam?

6. This is the best world that we live in.

7. None are so deaf as those who will not hear.

8. Tell me thy company and I will tell thee what

thou art.

9. It is not what we eat, but what we digest, that

makes us strong.

10. The bird that soars on highest wing,

Builds on the ground her lowly nest;
And she that doth most sweetly sing,
Sings in the shade when all things rest.

SUMMARY OF PRONOUNS

I. Kinds (104):

1. Personal (105-118)

Compound Personal (117, 118)

2. Demonstrative (119, 120)

3. Interrogative (121-123)

4. Relative (124-132)

Compound Relative (131, 132)

5. Indefinite (133-136)

II. Inflectional Forms:

1. Person (105, 107, 117, 127, 138, 3 and foot-note)

a. First

b. Second

c. Third

2. Gender (108-112, 138, 4)

a. Masculine (108, 109)

b. Feminine (108, 110)

c. Neuter (108, 111, 112)

3. Number (107, 119, 121, 127, 134, 138, 5)

a. Singular

b. Plural

4. Case (113-116, 121, 127, 134, 138, 6)

a. Nominative

b. Possessive

c. Objective

III. Grammatical Uses:

1. Nominative Case (114, 120, 122, 128, 132)

a. Subject

b. Subjective Complement

c. Nominative of Address

d. Nominative of Exclamation

e. Nominative Absolute

2. Objective Case (115, 120, 122, 128, 132)

a. Direct Object

b. Objective Complement

c. Indirect Object

d. With a Preposition

e. In Exclamations

3. Possessive Case (116, 122, 128, 134)

a. Adjectival Use (116, 1)

b. Substantive Use (116, 2)

CHAPTER III

ADJECTIVES

139. Kinds of Adjectives. We have learned (15) that an adjective is a word used to modify a noun or a pro

noun.

Adjectives fall into two general divisions:

(1) Adjectives that denote a quality or a condition of anything; as, happy people, sleepy children. These answer the question of what kind, or in what condition. An adjective that denotes a quality or a condition of anything is called a descriptive adjective.

A descriptive adjective is an adjective that denotes a quality or a condition of anything.

Adjectives derived from proper nouns, as Mexican, Christian, European, are a kind of descriptive adjective. They are called proper adjectives, and, like the nouns from which they are derived, they are capitalized.

(2) Adjectives used to point out or number; as, that man, this moment, each day, ten months. These answer the question which, what, how many, or how much. An adjective used to point out or number is called a limiting adjective.

A limiting adjective is an adjective used to point out or number.

Limiting adjectives are of three kinds:

(a) Articles; as, a horse, the dog.

(b) Pronominal adjectives; as, that land, which way, what course.

(c) Numeral adjectives; as, five years, third day.

EXERCISE 99

(1) Point out the adjectives and tell which are descriptive and which are limiting:

1. That tall boy is my cousin.

2. We all felt sleepy and exhausted.

3. The day was clear and the sky was blue.

4. On every side were lofty snow-capped peaks.

5. On the second day we killed five buffaloes.

6. Common as light is love, and its familiar voice wearies not

ever.

7. The Colonel told us several interesting stories of his youthful pranks.

8. This unfortunate man has lost his entire estate through reckless speculation.

(2) With the aid of a dictionary make out a list of the proper adjectives corresponding to the following

140. The Articles. Note these examples:

The postman brought me a letter.

The adjectives The and a are called articles. There are two articles the and a or an.

(1) The is a weakened form of that. It is called the definite article.

(2) A or an is a weakened form of one. It is called the indefinite article.

A and an are different forms of the same word. A is used before consonant sounds, an before vowel sounds; as,

A plank, a one (as if wone), a unit (as if yunit).
An oak, an apple, an orange, an hour (as if our).

Either a or an may be used before words beginning with h and not accented on the first syllable; as a or an hotél, a or an histórian.