EXERCISE 33

(General)

(1) Compose sentences to illustrate the use of each of the following phrases as directed:

1. To return home. (Substantive phrase.)
2. Of great value. (Adjectival phrase.)
3. To spend a week there. (Adverbial phrase.)
4. To die for one's country. (Substantive phrase.)

5. With a large income.

6. Across the continent.

(Adjectival phrase.)

(Adverbial phrase.)

(2) Point out the substantive, adjectival, and adverbial phrases and tell the grammatical use of each:

1. To know him was to love him.

2. I hurry amain to reach the plain.
3. I am proud of the land of my birth.
4. For a cap and bells our life we pay.

5. 'Tis only God may be had for the asking.
6. Dance to the beat of the rain, little fern.
7. The basis of good manners is self-reliance.

8. To the nearest settlement was twenty miles.

9. Noblest of all the youths was Gabriel, son of the blacksmith. 10. A carriage drawn by four horses dashed round the turn of the road.

11. A nerve cell is any cell constituting part of the nervous system.

12. After the Norman Conquest, the kings were not quite strong enough to become royal tyrants.

13. The Petition of Rights ranks almost with Magna Charta in the history of English liberty.

14. Listen, my children, and you shall hear

Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere.

15. The ocean eagle soared

From his nest by the white wave's foam.

The foregoing sentences have the same meaning. The group of words with care has the meaning and use of the single word carefully. For other examples of how a group of words may have the meaning and use of a single word, note the following sentences:

James lives here. James is living here.

John walked hastily. John walked with haste.

Who is the blue-eyed girl? Who is the girl with blue eyes?

Often there is no word that will take the place of the group of words, but the group has the use of a single part of speech in the sentence. Note these examples:

He came here on Monday.
She lives in Alabama.

I have come to see you.

(On Monday tells when he came.)
(In Alabama tells where she lives.)
(To see you tells why I have come.)

You will note that not one of the foregoing groups of words contains a subject and predicate. A group of related words having the use of a single part of speech but not containing a subject and predicate is called a phrase.

A phrase is a group of related words having the use of a single part of speech but not containing a subject and predicate.

The words of a phrase are grouped around a central, or principal, word, which expresses the leading idea of the phrase; as, for example, the italicized word in each of the following phrases:

To go back. For all men. By doing it. Is being sent.

Phrases noticeably out of their natural order, or phrases not essential to the completion of the thought, are set off by commas; thus,

At this sound, he increased his speed.

My friend, seeing me enter, arose and came forward.

Thanking the Old Man of the Sea, the hero resumed his journey.

EXERCISE 29

(1) Tell an equivalent phrase for the italicized word:

1. An Eastern city. 2. A Chicago firm.

3. A patriotic man.

4. A Persian rug.

5. A mountain boy.
6. Its cash value.

7. To write rapidly.

8. A country woman.
9. A Reynolds portrait.

(2) Complete the following sentences by adding one or more appropriate words to the italicized word, then point out the phrase thus formed:

1. This belongs me.

2. Robert is home now. 3. I was born August. 4. Let us sit porch.

5. Poe was born Boston.

6. The child fell water.

7. There is no use trying.

8. We live this side the river.

9. I differ you as to this.

10. We have come visit your school.

(3) Point out the phrases in the following sentences:

1. A young crocodile lived on the bank of the Pasig River.

2. He was so fierce that no animal dared to approach him.

3. One day, while resting on a rock, he thought of getting married.

4. "I will give all I have for a wife," he said.

CHAPTER VIII

CLAUSES

50. Clause Defined. Note how a sentence may be made up of two or more single sentences which are closely enough related in thought to be combined into

one:

The cock is crowing,
The stream is flowing,
The small birds twitter,
The lake doth glitter,

The green field sleeps in the sun.

The foregoing sentence is made up of five parts, each part being a group of words containing a subject and predicate; thus,

A group of words containing a subject and predicate and forming a part of a sentence is called a clause.

A clause is a group of words containing a subject and predicate and forming a part of a sentence.

A clause may be equivalent to a single word or to a single phrase; thus,

Tell me what you believe (or, your belief).

The man that was injured (or, the injured man) is well.

This happened as the sun was setting (or, at sunset).

EXERCISE 34

(1) Point out the clauses in the following sentences:

Models for written exercise:

Can you imagine what he means?

Please wait until I find out | what they want.
I know that George will come | if he is able.

1. He spurred the old horse, and
he held him tight.

2. Ask, and it shall be given you. 3. Tell me plainly what you intend to do.

4. I take my property wherever I find it.

5. Now let us sing, Long live the King.

6. I am where I would ever be. 7. I can but sing because I must. 8. King James's men shall understand what Cornish lads can do.

9. We are here because we were invited.

10. When the boys came to the

stream, they plunged in.
11. We can say nothing but
what has been said.

12. He serves me most who
serves his country best.
13. A merry heart goes all the
day, a sad one tires in a
mile.

14. Promise is most given when
the least is said.

15. He that is proud eats up himself.

16. The dogs did bark, the children screamed, up flew the windows all.

(2) Substitute a clause for each italicized word or phrase:

1. Honest men need not fear. 2. We can help only the poor. 3. He arose at sunrise.

4. I shall wait until his return.

5. I know the writer of this.

6. Only trained men are wanted. 7. Let us go before dinner.

8. It soon grew dark after sunset. Clauses, like like phrases, may Note these

51. Kinds of Clauses.
have the use of a single part of speech.
examples:

What you state (your statement) is true.
John is the boy who won (the winning boy).
Please remain where you are (remain there).