By your power legatine within this kingdom, Fall in the compafs of a præmunire. Shakefp. (1.) * LEGATË. n. f. [legatus, Latin; legate, Fr. egato, Ital.] 1. A deputy, an ambaffador.

The legates from th' Ætolian prince return: Sad news they bring. Dryden. 2. A kind of fpiritual ambaffador from the pope : a commiflioner deputed by the pope for ecclefiaftical affairs.

Look where the holy legate comes apace. Shak. -Upon the legate's fummons, he fubmitted himfelf to an examination, and appeared before him. Atterbury.

(2.) A LEGATE (§ 1, def. 2.) is generally a car dinal or bishop, whom the pope fends as his ambaffador to fovereign princes. See AMBASSADOR. There are 3 kinds of legates, viz. legates a latere, legates de latere, and legates by office, or legati nati; of these the most confiderable are the legates a latere, the next are the legates de latere. See LATERE, $ 1, and 2. Legates by office are thofe who have not any particular legation given them; but who, by virtue of their dignity and rank in the church, become legates: but the authority of thefe legates is much inferior to that of the legates a latere. The power of a legate is fometimes given without the title. Some of the nuncios are invefted with it. It was one of the ecclefiaftical privileges of England from the Norman conqueft, that no foreign legate fhould be obtruded upon the English, unless the king should desire it upon fome extraordinary emergency, as when a cafe was too difficult for the English prelates to determine.

(3.) LEGATE, COURT OF THE, was a court obtained by Cardinal Wolfey of Pope Leo X. in the 9th year of Henry VIII. wherein he, as legate of the pope, had power to prove wills, and difpenfe with offences against the fpiritual laws, &c. It was but of fhort continuance.

*LEGATEE. n. f. [from legatum, Latin.] One who has a legacy left him.—

If he chance to 'fcape this difmal bout, The former legatees are blotted out. Dryd. Juv. -My will is, that if any of the above-named legatees fhould die before me, that then the respective legacies fhall revert to myself. Swift.

* LEGATINE. adj. [from legate.] Made by a legate. When any one is abfolved from excommunication, it is provided by a legatine conftitution, that some one shall publish such absolution. Ayliffe's Parergo.

LEGATIO LIBERA, was a privilege frequent ly obtained of the state, by fenators of Rome, for going into any province or country, upon their own private bufinefs, in the quality of legati or envoys from the fenate, that the dignity of this nominal office might fecure them a good reception, and have an influence on the management of their concerns. The cities and towns through which they paffed were obliged to defray their expenfes. It was called libera legatio, because they might lay afide the office as foon as they pleased, and were not encumbered with any actual trust.

* LEGATION n. f. [legatio, Latin.] Deputa tion; commission; embally-After a legation ad res repetendas, and a refufal, and a denunciation or indiction of a war, the war is no more confined

to the place of the quarrel, but is left at large. Bacon.-In attiring, the duke had a fine unaffected politenefs, and upon occafion coftly, as in his legations. Wotton.

*LEGATOR. n.. [from lego, Lat.] One who makes a will, and leaves legacies.A fair estate,

Bequeath'd by fome legator's laft intent. Dryd. LEGATUS, a military Officer among the ancient Romans, who commanded as deputy of the commander in chief. The legati, at their first in. ftitution, were not fo much to command as to advife. They were generally chofen by the confuls, with the approbation of the fenate. As to their number, we have no certain information, but there appears to have been at least one to every legion. In the abfence of the conful or proconful, they had the fafces. Under the emperors there were two forts of legati, confulares and prætorii. The firft commanded whole armies, as the emperor's lieutenant generals; and the latter had the command of particular legions. The legati under the proconfuls in the provinces judged inferior caufes, and managed fmaller concerns, remitting things of great moment to the governor or prefident. This was their original office, though they wwere afterwards admitted to command in the army. LEGE, a town of France, in the dep. of the Lower Loire, 21 miles S. of Nantes.

(1.) * LEGEND. n. f. \legenda, Latin.] 1. A chronicle or register of the lives of faints.-Legends being grown in a manner to be nothing elfe but heaps of frivolous and fcandalous vanities, they have been even with difdain thrown out, the very nefts which bred them abhorring them. Hooker.There are in Rome two fets of antiquities, the chriftian and the heathen; the former, though of a fresher date, are fo embroiled with fable and le gend, that one receives but little fatisfaction. Addifon. 2. Any memorial or relation.

And in this legend all that glorious deed Read, whilft you arm you.

3. An incredible unauthentic narrative.—

Fairf

Who can fhow the legends, that record More idle tales, or fables fo abfurd. Blackmore. It is the way of attaining to heaven, that makes profane fcorners fo willingly let go the expectation of it. It is not the articles of creed, but the duty to God and their neighbour, that is such an inconfiftent incredible legend. Bentley. 4. Any infcription; particularly on medals or coins.-Compare the beauty and comprehentiveness of legends on ancient coins. Addifon.

(2.) The LEGEND (§ 1, def. 1.) was originally a book ufed in the old Romifh churches, containing the leffons to be read at divine services; hence the lives of the faints and martyrs came to be called legends, becaufe chapters were read out of them at matins, and at the refectories of religions houfes. Among thefe the golden legend, which is a collection of the lives of the faints, was received in the church with great applaufe, which it maintained for 200 years; though it is full of ridiculous and romantic ftories, that the Romanifts themfelves are now afhamed of it.

(3.) LEGEND (§ 1, def. 4.) is also used to fignify the words engraven about the margins, &c. of coins. Thus the legend of a French crown, be

foru

nimble motion; trick; deception; knack.He fo light was at legerdemain,

That what he touch'd came not to light again. Hubberd. -Of all the tricks and legerdemain by which men impose upon their own fouls, there is none fo common as the plea of a good intention. South

(2.) LEGERDEMAIN is a denomination given to certain deceptive performances, which either depend altogether on dexterity and address, or derive a fmall degree of aid from philofophical principles. The former clafs, though they may be ftyled arts in one fenfe of the word, yet depend fo entirely upon trick and deception, and have so little connection with real science, that we are perfuaded none of our readers will regret our omitting them. Of the latter clafs, fufficient fpecimens of entertaining experiments, illufions, &c. of a philofophical nature, will be found under the articles ACOUSTICS, CATOPTRICS, CHROMATICS, DIOPTRICS, ELECTRICITY, HYDROSTATICS, MAGNETISM, PyROTECHNICS, &c.

fore the revolution was SIT NOMEN DOMINI BENEDICTVM; that of a moidore, IN HOC SIGNO VINCES: on thofe of the last emperors of Conftantinople, we find IESVS CHRISTVS BASILEVS BASILEON, IHS XPS NIKA, i. e. IESVS CHRISTVS VINCIT. It is also applied to the infcription of medals, which ferves to explain the figures or devices reprefented on them. In ftrictness, the legend differs from the inscription; this last properly fignifying words placed on the reverfe of a medal, in lieu of figures. It feems the ancients had intended their medals to ferve both as images and as emblems; the former for the common people, and the other for persons of taste; the images to represent the faces of princes; emblems their virtues and great actions. Every medal has properly two legends; that on the front, and that on the reverfe. The firft generally ferves only to diftinguish the perfon by his name, titles, offices, &c. the latter is intended to express his noble fentiments, his good deeds, and the advantages the public has reaped by him. This, however, does not hold univerfally; for fometimes we find the titles fhared between both fides, and fometimes alfo the legend. In the medals of cities and provinces, as the head is ufually the genius of the place, or at least some deity adored there, the legend is the name of the city, province, or deity, or of both together; and the reverfe is fome fymbol of the city, &c. frequently without a legend, fometimes with that of one of its magiftrates. Le gends generally commemorate the virtues of princes, their honour and confecrations, fignal events, public monuments, deities, vows, privileges, &c. which are either in Latin or Greek, or a mixture of both.

LEGENDARY, adj. fabulous; of the nature of a legend.

(1.) * LEGER. n. f. [from legger, Dutch. To lie or remain in a place.] Any thing that lies in a place; as, a leger ambaffador; a refident; one that continues at the court to which he is fent; a leger book, a book that lies in the compting-house. Lord Angelo, having affairs to heav'n, Intends you for his swift ambaffador, Where you shall be an everlasting leger. Shak. I've giv'n him that,

Shak.

Which, if he take, fhall quite unpeople her Of leigers for her sweet. -If leiger ambassadors or agents were fent to remain near the courts of princes, to obferve their motions, fuch were made choice of as were vigilant. Bacon.

Thou art Heav'n's leiger here, Working against the states of death and hell. Herbert. -He withdrew not his confidence from any of thofe who attended his perfon, who, in truth, lay liger for the covenant, and kept up the fpirits of their countrymen by their intelligence. Clarendon. -I call that a leger bait, which is fixed, or made to reft, in one certain place, when you fhall be abfent; and I call that a walking bait which you have ever in motion. Walton.

* LEGERITY. n. f. [legerté, Fr.] Lightness; nimblenefs; quicknefs. A word not in ufe.

The organs, though defunct and dead before, Break up their drowsy grave, and newly move With cafted flough and fresh legerity. Shak

LEGER LINE, in mufic, one added to the ftaff of five lines, when the afcending or defcending notes run very high or low: there are fometimes many of thefe lines both above and below the ftaff, to the number of four or five..

(1.) LEGERWOOD, a parish of Scotland, in Berwickfh. between Lauderdale and the Lammermoor hills, about 3 miles long by 2 broad, containing about 8 fquare miles. The foil is various; the furface hilly; the climate cold, rainy, and windy. Hufbandry is much improved; oats, barley, peafe, and turnips, are the chief crops. The popu lation, in 1795, was 422; the increase 24 fince 1755. The number of sheep was 2769; black cattle 559; and fwine 59: the annual produce in corn 4500l. wool 400l. fheep 1300l. and oxen 1070l. in all 72701.

(2.) LEGERWOOD, a village in the above parish, 4 miles SE. of Lauder.

* LEGGED. adj. [from leg.] Having legs; furnifhed with legs.

LEGHENICH. See LECHNICH.

LEGHORN, a handfome town of Etruria, anciently called LIBURNUS PORTUS, but by the modern Italians LIVORNO, about 30 miles SW. of Florence, in the territory of Pifa. It is a free port. The only defect of the harbour is its being too fhallow for large fhips. Cofmo I. had this town in exchange for Sarzana from the Genoefe; and it is the only fea-port in the kingdom. It was then but a mean unhealthy place; but is now well built, with broad, ftraight, parallel ftreets. It is alfo well fortified; but wants good water, which must be brought from Pifa, 14 miles diftant. It is about 2 miles in circuit, and its general form is fquare. It has the convenience of canals, one of which is 5 miles long; and joining the Arno, merchandise and paffengers are thus conveyed to Pifa. The port, confifting of two havens, one for the king's galleys, and the other for merchant fhips, is furrounded with a double

mole,

mole,' above a mile and a half in length, and defended, together with the town, by a good citadel and 12 forts. Roman Catholics, Jews, Greeks, Armenians, Mahometans, and the English factory, are indulged in the public exercife of their religion; but other Proteftants must be fatisfied with the private. The trade carried on is very great, and most of it paffes through the hands of the Jews. Though only two piaftres, or scudi, are paid for every bale, great or fmall, imported or exported, yet the duties on all provisions and commodities brought from the continent to the town are very heavy. The population is about 45,000; and one third of thefe are Jews, who live in a particular quarter, and have a fine fynagogue. They have engroffed the coral manufactory, have a confiderable trade, and poffefs the chief riches of the place. The garrifon confifts of 2000 men. The walks on the ramparts are very agreeable. There is good anchorage in the road; but fhips riding there are much expofed to the weather and the Barbary corfairs. The English refiding in Leghorn carry on a good trade. The power of the inquifition is limited to ecclefiaftical matters and the Roman Catholics. There are many Turkish flaves here, who are often fent out to cruise against the corfairs of Barbary. The light-house ftands on a rock in the fea; near which is the Lazaretto, where quarantine is performed. A fource from which the duke of Tuscany drew a great revenue, is the monopoly of brandy, tobacco, and falt; which will doubtlefs be kept up by the king of Etruria. The Turks, who are not flaves, live in particular quarter, near that of the Jews. The common proftitutes alfo have a particular place appointed them, out of which they must not be feen, without leave from the commiffary. The number of the rowers in the galleys, whether Turkish slaves, criminals, or volunteers, are about 2000. In the area before the darfena or inner harbour, is a fine fue of Duke Ferdinand, with four Turkish flaves, in bronze, chained to the pedestal. The ducal palace is one of the finest structures in the town, and the ordinary refidence of the governor. Leghorn is the fee of a bishop, and has a noble cathedral; but the other churches are not remarkable. It was taken poffeffion of by the French under Bonaparte, on the 28 June 1796; but reftored in 1797. It was again taken on the 24th March 1799, but retaken by the Auftrians, on the 9th July 1799. Lon. II. o. E. Lat. 43. 50. N.

* LEGIBLE. n. f. legibilis, Lat.] 1. Such as may be read. You obferve fome clergymen with their heads held down within an inch of the cufhion, to read what is hardly legible. Swift. 2. Apparent; difcoverable.-People's opinions of themselves are legible in their countenances. Collier.

* LEGIBLY, adv. [from legible.] In fuch a manner as may be read.

(1.) LEGIÓ, a town of Galilee, from which Jerom determines the diftances of the places in Galilee, fo named from a Roman Legion there. It lay 15 miles W. of Nazareth, between mount Tabor and the Mediterranean; now thought to be LEGUNE.

(2.) LEGIO VII. GEMINA, a town or ftation of

the 7th legion, in the Aftures; now called LEON. Lon. 6. 5. W. Lat. 43. o. N.

(1.) * LEGION. n. f. [legio, Latin.] 1. A body of Roman foldiers, confifting of about 5000.-The most remarkable piece in Antoninus's pillar is the figure of Jupiter Pluvius fending rain on the fainting army of Marcus Aurelius, and thunderbolts on his enemies, which is the greatest confirmation poffible of the story of the Chriftian legion. Addifon. 2. A military force.She to foreign realms Sends forth her dreadful legions. 3. Any great number.→

Not in the legions

Phillips.

Of horrid hell, can come a devil more damn'd. Shakelp.

The partition between good and evil is broken down; and where one fin has entered, legions will force their way through the same breach. Rogers.

(2.) A LEGION, in Roman antiquity, confifted of different numbers at different periods. The word comes from legere, (Lat.) to choofe; becaufe, when the legions were raised, they chofe fuch of their youth as were moft proper to bear arms. In the time of Romulus the legion confifted of 3000 foot and 300 horse; though, after the reception of the Sabines, it was augmented to 4000. In the war with Hannibal, i was raised to 5000; after this it funk to 4000 or 4500; this was the number in the time of Polybius. The number of legions kept in pay differed according to circumftances. During the confular state four legions were fitted up every year, and divided betwixt the two confuls; yet there were fometimes 16 or 18, as the fituation of affairs required. Auguftus maintain ed a standing army of 23 or 25 legions; but this number in after times is feldom found. The dif ferent legions were named, or rather numbered, from the order in which they were raised; legio prima, fecunda, tertia, &c. but as there might be many prima, fecunda, tertia, &c. they were furnamed from the emperors, as Augufta, Claudiano, Galbiana, Flavia, Ulpia, Trajana, Antonina, &c. or from the provinces which had been conquered by their means, as Parthica, Scythica, Gallica, Arabica, &c. or from the deities under whofe protec tion the commanders had particularly placed themfelves, as Minervia, Apollinaris, &c. or from the region where they were quartered, as Cretenfis, Cyrenaica, Britannica, &c. or from particular accidents, as adjutrix, martia, fulminatrix, repax, vidrix, &c. Each legion was divided into 10 cohorts, each cohort into 10 companies, and each company into two centuries. The chief commander of the legion was called LEGATUS, i.c. lieutenant. The ftandards born by the legion were various; at first, the standard was a wolf, in honour of Romulus's nurfe; afterwards an hog, which animal was ufually facrificed at the conclufion of a treaty, to indicate that war is underta ken with a view to peace; fometimes a minotaur, to remind the general of his duty of fecurity, of which the minotaur and labyrinth were emblems; a horse was also borne, also a boar; and Marius was the firft who changed all these for the eagle. LEGIONARII. See EXAUCTORATIO.

* LEGIONARY. adj. [from legion.] 1. Rela tion to a legion. 2. Containing a legion. 3. Con

taining

taining 2 great indefinite number.-Too many applying themselves betwixt jeft and earnest, make up the legionary body of error. Brown.

(1.)* LEGISLATION. n. f. [from legislator, Lat. The act of giving laws.-Pythagoras joined legislation to his philofophy, and, like others, pretended to revelations from God, to give a more venerable fanction to the laws he prefcribed. Littleton.

(2.) LEGISLATION. See LEGISLATOR, § 2. * LEGISLATIVE. adj. [from legislator.] Giv. ing laws; lawgiving.

Their legislative frenzy they repent, Enacting it should make no precedent. Denb. -The poet is a kind lawgiver, and those qualities are proper to the legislative style. Dryden.

(1.) * LEGISLATOR. n. f. [legislator, Latin; legiflator, French.] A lawgiver; one who makes laws for any community. It spoke like a legifla tor: the thing spoke was a law. Soutb.

Heroes in animated marble frown, And legislators seem to think in stone. Pope. (2.) LEGISLATORS, ANCIENT. The most celebrated ancient legiflators were MOSES, among the Jews; Thefeus, Draco, and SOLON, among the Athenians; LYCURGUS among the Lacedemonians; NUMA among the Romans, &c. See these articles. The firft laws amongst the Athenians feem to have been thofe of Thefeus. After him came DRACO, whofe laws were faid, for their feverity, to have been written with blood: by them every offence was punished with death; fo that ftealing an apple, and betraying one's country, were treated as equal crimes. These were repeal ed by Solon, except fuch as related to murder: By way of diftinction, Draco's laws were called ergo,and Solon's Nouo. The laws of Solon were in a great measure fufpended during the ufurpation of Pififtratus; but, after the expulfion of his family, were revived with fome additions by Clifthenes. After this, the form of government was again changed, firft by the 400, and afterwards by the 30 tyrants; but the ancient laws were again reftored in the Archonship of Euclides, and others established at the inftance of Diocles, Ariftophon, and, laft of all, of Demetrius the Phalerean, This is a short sketch of the history of the Athenian LEGISLATION, before that ftate fubmitted to the Roman yoke. (See ATTICA, § 5-16.) But many laws were enacted by the fuffrages of the people on particular exigencies; the decrees of the fenate continued to have the force of laws no longer than a year. If a new law was to be proposed to the affembly, it was neceffary to write it upon a white tablet, and fix it up fome days before the meeting, left their judgment should be caught by furprise. The laws were carefully revised every year; and if any of them, from a change of circumftances, were found unfuitable or prejudicial, they were repealed: This was called επιχειροτονία των νόμων, becaufe the fuffrages were given by holding up of hands. The firft laws among the Grecians were not written, but compofed in verfe, that the people might with more eafe commit them to memory. Solon penned his laws upon wooden tablets, called Aves; and fome authors with great probability affert, that they were written in the manner called Burgopadov, from VOL. XIII. PART 1.

left to right, and from right again to the left. See BOUSTROPHEDON. It was against the law for any person to erase a decree, and certain perfons called reaparus, were appointed to prevent any corruption; whofe bufinefs it was alfo to tranfcribe the old and enter the new ones. At Rome the people were in a great measure their own legiflators; though Solon may be faid, in fome fense, to have been their legislator, as the decemviri, who were created for the making of laws, borrowed a great number from thofe of Solon. See LEX. With us the legislative power is lodged in the king, lords, and commons affembled in parliament. See LAW, and PARLIAMENT.

* LEGISLATURE. x. f. [from legiflator, Lat.} The power that makes laws.-Without the concurrent confent of all three parts of the legislature, no law is or can be made. Hale.-In the notion of a legislature is implied a power to change, repeal, and suspend laws in being, as well as to make new laws. Addifon.-By the fupreme magiftrate is properly understood the legislative power; but the word magiftrate feeming to denote a single perfon, and to exprefs the executive power, it came to pass that the obedience due to the legiflature was, for want of confidering this easy dif tinction, mifapplied to the adminiftration. Swift.

LEGITIMACY. n. f. [from legitimate.] 1. Lawfulness of birth.-In respect of his legitimacy, it will be good. Ayliffe. 2. Genuineness; not fpurioufnefs.-The legitimacy or reality of thete marine bodies vindicated, I now require by what means they were hurried out of the ocean. Woodward.

* LEGITIMATE. adj. [from legitimus, Latin ; legitime, French.] Born in marriage; lawfully be gotten

Legitimate Edgar, I must have your land.

Shak.

-An adulterous perfon is tied to make provision for the children begotten in unlawful embraces, that they may do no injury to the legitimate, by receiving a portion. Taylor.

To LEGITIMATE. v. a. [legitimer, from the adjective.] 1. To procure to any the rights of legitimate birth.-Legitimate him that was a baf tard. Ayliffe. 2. To make lawful. It would be impoffible for any enterprize to be lawful, if that which should legitimate it is fubfequent to it, and can have no influence to make it good or bad. Decay of Piety.

* LÉGITIMATELY. adv. [from legitimate.] 1. Lawfully. 2. Genuinely.

By degrees he rofe to Jove's imperial feat, Thus difficulties prove a foul legitimately great. Dryden,

(1.) * LEGITIMATION. n. f. [legitimation, French; from legitimate. 1. Lawful birth,-I have difclaimed my land; Legitimation, name, and all is gone:

Then, good my mother, let me know my father. Shak. -From whence will arife many queftions of legi timation, and what in nature is the difference be twixt a wife and a concubine. Locke. 2. The act of invefting with the privileges of lawful birth.

(2.) LEGITIMATION, § 1. def. 2. SO BASTARD, and LAW, PART III. Chap. II. Se&t. XXII. Q

LEGI

whofe fruit is a LEGUMEN, or pod. See BOTANY, Gloffary.

LEGITIME, in Scots law, the fhare of the moveable effects belonging to a husband and wife, which upon the husband's death falls to the children.

LEGIUNCARA, a town of Naples, in Bari. LEGLANTIER, a town of France, in the department of Oife, 9 miles N. of Clermont.

LEGNAGO, ora diftrict of the late pro(1.) LEGNANO, vince of Veronese, anciently called LINIACUS, now included in the kingdom of Italy, and depart. of the Mincio. The foil is fertile, and it abounds in rice, maize, fruits, Aax, hemp, filk, honey, &c.

(2.) LEGNANO, a fortified and populous town of Italy, capital of the above territory, now in the department of the Mincio, and diftrict of Verona. It has a great trade in grain rice alone draws 50,000 ducats weekly. It has a canal, erected in 1762, which runs between the Adige, the Tartaro, and the Po. It furrendered to the French, Sept. 13th, 1796; but on the 26th March 1799, the French attacked the Auftrians under Gen. Kray here, and were defeated, with the lofs of 1500 killed, 22 officers and 500 men taken prifoners; befides 15 cannons, 15 loaded waggons, &c. It lies 22 miles ESE. of Verona, and 28 NNW, of Ferrara.

LE GRAND. See GRAND, N° 3-5. LEGS, TO BE UPON ONE'S, a modern metaphor much ufed refpecting public fpeakers in parliament, &c. The late prof. J. H. Beattie, in his Dialogue in the Shades, between Swift, a bookfeller, and Mercury, repeatedly quoted, (fee BEATTIE, 2, &c.) introduces the god of eloquence, as thus inftructing the Dean, to "make English of the newest and best pattern." " Inftead of He spoke an hour on various topics, you must fay-He was an hour upon his legs, and went into a variety of matter: an idiom, which is now very common, and much admired, because it is figurative; verbofe, and ambiguous; three qualities of ftyle, which are now, among fashionable writers and fpeakers, indifpenfable."

LEGUIGNO, a town of Italy, in Parma, 18 miles SSE. of Parma.

(1.)* LEGUME. n. f. [legume, French; le (1.) *LEGUMEN. gumen, Lat.] Seeds not reaped, but gathered by the hand; as beans: in general, all larger feeds; pulfe. Some legumens, as peas or beans, if newly gathered and diftilled in a retort, will afford an acid spirit. Boyle.-In the fpring fell great rains, upon which enfued a moft deftructive mildew upon the corn and legumes. Arbuthnot.

(2.) LEGUMEN, or POD. See BOTANY. (1.)* LEGUMINOUS. adj.[legumineux, French; from legumen.] Belonging to pulfe; confifting of pulfe. The propereft food of the vegetable kingdom is taken from the farinaceous feeds; as oats, harley, and wheat; or of fome of the filiquofi or kguminous; as, peas, or beans. Arbuthnot.

(2) LEGUMINOUS, is applied to all plants

LEHEIGH, a river of Pennsylvania, which rises in Northampton county, and after running 75 miles, falls into the Delaware, at Easton.

LEHNBERG, a town of Germany, in the province of Naffau Weilburg; 3 miles N. of Weilburg.

LEHR. See LEER, N° 4.

LEIBEN, two towns of Germany, in Auftria; the one to miles NW. the other 14 SW. of Krems. (1.) LEIBNITZ, Godfrey William DE, an eminent mathematician and philofopher, born at Leipfic in Saxony in 1646. At the age of 15, he ftudied mathematics at Leipfic and Jena; and in 1663, maintained a thefis de Principiis Individuationis. In 1664, he was admitted M. A. He endeavoured to reconcile Plato with Aristotle, as he afterwards did Ariftotle with Des Cartes. But the ftudy of the law was his principal object, and he was admitted LL.B. in 1665. In 1666 he would have taken the degree of doctor; but was refused it, on pretence that he was too young, though in reality because he had rejected the principles of Ariftotle and the schoolmen. Upon this he went to Altorf, where he maintained a thefis de Cafibus Perplexis, with fuch applaufe, that he had the degree of LL.D. conferred on him. He might have fettled to great advantage at Paris; but his averfion to the Roman Catholic religion, made him refufe all offers. In 1673, he went to England; where he became acquainted with John Collins, F. R. S. and Mr Oldenburg, the Secretary. In 1676, he returned to England, and thence went into Holland, in order to proceed to Hanover, where he propofed to fettle. Upon his arrival there, he applied himself to enrich the duke's h brary with the best books of all kinds. The duke dying in 1679, his fucceffor Ernest Auguftus continued to patronize him, and employed him to write the hiftory of the houfe of Brunswick. He travelled over Germany and Italy to collect materials. Frederick I. king of Pruffia, then elector of Brandenburgh, founded an academy at Berlia by his advice; and appointed him perpetual prefident, though he could not refide conftantly at Berlin. He projected an academy of the fame kind at Drefden, but the execution of this defign was prevented by the confusions in Poland. likewife propofed a scheme of an universal language. His writings had long before made him famous over all Europe. Befides the office of privy-confellor of juftice, which king George L then eiector of Hanover, had given him, the emperor appointed him in 1711 aulic counsellor; and Peter the Great made him privy counsellor of justice, with a penfion of 1000 ducats. He un dertook the establishment of an academy of fciences at Vienna; but the plague prevented, the execution of it. However, the emperor, as a mark of his favour, fettled a penfion on him of 2000 florins, and promised him another of 4000, if he would come and refide at Vienna, but he was prevented by death in 1716. His memory was fo trong, that to fix any thing in it, he had only to write it once; and he could, even in his old age, repeat Virgil exactly. He profeffed the Lutheran religion

He