HENRY V. 1413-1422.

A. D.

Page

Hopes of recovering the Continental Pos-
sessions of the English Crown; Mea-
sures to secure Popularity.

Miserable Condition of France under

Charles VI...

154

1415. (15th of April) Henry announces his In-

tention to go in Person to recover his

Continental Dominions, but is detained

by a Conspiracy..

(11th of August) He embarks for France

with a large Army..

(24th of October) Battle of Agincourt..

1420. (21st of May) Treaty of Troyes; Marriage

of Henry with Catharine, Daughter of

the French King...

Henry resides at the Louvre..

1422. Lafayette defeats the English Troops

under Clarence, with the Assistance of

a Body of Scotchmen..

155

Page

A. D.

1445. Marriage of the King with Margaret of

Anjou; the Marriage unpopular, in con-

sequence of Maine and Anjou, the Keys

of Normandy, being ceded to her Father

by the marriage Treaty.

165

The administration of public Affairs on

Beaufort's Decay, gradually_slide_into

the hands of William de la Pole, Duke

of Suffolk, who inherits the Animosity

of his Predecessor against Gloucester.. ib

ib. 1447. Arrest of Gloucester, who is two Days

afterwards found dead in Prison; his

Murder is attributed to Suffolk, with

the Connivance of the Queen and the

Cardinal...

156

ib.

157 1450.

158

ib.

(31st of August) Henry dies at Vincennes ib.

HENRY VI. 1422-1452.

Alienation of the Duke of Burgundy 1434.
from the English Party...

ib.

1431. Henry VI. consecrated King of France,

at Paris, by an English Prelate..

161

1435. The Duke of Burgundy concludes a sepa

rate Peace with France..

ib.

1451. And of the Gascon and Pyrenean Prov-

inces; Defeat and Death of Talbot at

the Battle of Chatillon; Close of the

second War of the Plantagenets to re-

establish themselves in France.....

Review of the political Changes and In-
dications of the Age; the Decline, or
Approach to mere Formality, of Con-
stitutional Assemblies, threatened
throughout the Continent; the Preva-
lence of Despotism; but the silent Ad-
vancement of Knowledge was at the
same Time preparing the Way for dif
ferent Results; Mariner's Compass;
Columbus born in 1441; Approach of
the Reformation; Printing..
161, 162

(June) Rising of the Peasantry; Jack

Cade; he defeats the Royal Troops at

Seven Oaks; Cade enters London.. 167, 168

On receiving a general Pardon, his Ad-

herents disperse; but the Pardon is

afterwards disregarded by the Court,

and Cade and others are executed..... 168

Rising Popularity of Richard, Duke of
York; Prospects of his peaceable Suc-
cession cut off, by the Birth of Edward
Prince of Wales....

Nature of the Claims of Richard to the
Throne; the Admission of an heredita-
ry Claim, after long Suspension, would
lead to that very Disorder from which
Monarchy is a Refuge..

ib.

169

ib,

His personal Merit had greater weight with
the Nation than his hereditary Claim.. ib.
Recognition by the Judges of the Privilege
of Parliament with regard to the Per-
sons of its Members...
(March) The Parliament, after ascertain-
ing by a Committee the Incapacity (bor-
dering on Idiocy) of Henry, appointed
Richard Protector, until the King's Re-
covery, or the Prince's Majority.....
(May) Battle of St. Alban's, in which
Richard defeats the King's Party...... ib.
(June) A Parliament; a general Pardon 171
1456. (February) The King resumes the Gov.
ib.

1459.

ernment..

Example of avowed Influence by the

Nobility over the Return of Members

for the Parliament of 1455..

1458. The Queen requires the Attendance of

the Yorkist Lords in London, to go

through the Ceremony of an ostenta-

tious Reconciliation with the Lancas-

trians...

Attempt by the Queen to inveigle the Ne-
villes to a hunting Party, where she in-
tended to destroy them; Salisbury re-
tires to Yorkshire and Warwick to
Calais, whence they plan a Junction
with York; (23d of September) Salisbu-
ry defeats a Detachment of the Queen's
Army near Drayton; but on the 2d of
October the combined Yorkists are de-
feated by the Queen's forces near Lud-
low; Richard takes refuge in Ireland;
the Nevilles on the Continent..

At a Parliament held at Coventry, Rich-

ard and his Adherents are attainted of

Treason...

of Gloucester, assisted by a Council... ib. 1460.

ib.

1423. Release of the King of Scots....

Dissensions between the Duke of Glou-

cester and the Bishop of Winchester

(afterwards Cardinal Beaufort)......

....... ib.

1427. An Appeal by Gloucester to Parliament,
relative to the Extent of his Powers,
leads to a very distinct Assertion of
Parliamentary Supremacy

Beaufort releases the Duke of Orleans, in

Spite of Gloucester's Protest against it ib.

Richard prepares to land with Irish Aux-

iliaries; Warwick returns from Calais,

and defeats the Queen's Army near

Northampton.

(2d of October) A Parliament; which an-

nuls the Proceedings of that held at

Coventry

170

ib

172

ib

ib.

173

ib.

164

(16th of October) Richard lays solemn

Claim to the Throne, in the House of

Lords

ib.

1441. A Blow is struck at the Protector by a

Charge of Sorcery against Eleanor Cob-

ham, his Wife or Concubine......

ib.

A. D.

Page | A. D.

Page

ject of Admiration, though, by a happy
Beguilement and for wise Purposes,
Nature often inspires us with an unde-
served Tenderness for the Weak.....
.... 174 1475. War with France terminated by the Trea-
ty of Pecquigny; Margaret of Anjou
liberated, on Payment of a Ransom by
Louis; she survived seven Years in
France; continued Misunderstandings
between Edward and his Brother Clar-
ence, are terminated by the private
Execution of the latter in the Tower,
by drowning (according to Tradition)
in a Butt of Malmsey..

Striking Illustration of the State of the

Times, in the History of the Shepherd

Lord Clifford....

The Remainder of the Reign of Edward
occupied by Preparations against
France, chiefly with a View of extort-
ing Pensions from Louis XI.............

ib.

ib.

ib.

(31st of December) Richard totally defeat-

ed by Margaret, at Wakefield Green;

Death of Richard; Execution of Salis-

bury, and others of his Adherents at

Pomfret.....

1461. (2d of February) Edward, Duke of York,

Son of Richard, defeats Pembroke and

Ormond, two of the Queen's Adherents,

at Mortimer's Cross, near Hereford.... 175

(17th of February) An Army of Yorkists,
under Norfolk and Warwick, defeated
by Margaret at St. Alban's; but the
Queen, distrusting London and the
South, retires Northward.....
Edward enters London, and (4th of March)
is greeted King by the Shouts of the Peo-
ple, and the next Day proclaimed as Ed-
ward IV..
Singular Inconsistency of this democrat-
ical Recognition of his Title with its
real Character, as founded on heredi-
tary indefeasible Right; Ambition is
often obliged to avail itself of the most
effectual Instrument of the Moment, at
the Expense of Consistency. . . . . . . . . . .

(12th of March) Edward commences a

Pursuit of his Enemies in the North;

(29th) Battle of Towton, in which the

Lancastrians are completely routed;

(22d of June) Edward crowned; (4th of

November) a Parliament, by confirming

the judicial and other Proceedings of

the Time of Henry IV., Henry V., and

Henry VI., "late in fact but not of right

Kings of England," it first introduces a

Distinction into English Law, pregnant

with the very Evils which Hereditary

Monarchy can only be justified by its

Tendency to prevent

Rising Importance of Commerce shown

by the Attention of Parliament to its

Regulation; false Views of the Sources

of commercial Prosperity, which early

obtained, and are not yet eradicated... 177

1464. Margaret returns from France to Scotland

with 500 French Troops, with which she

enters England, but is defeated at the

Battle of Hexham (17th of May).....

(25th of May) Henry captured; attainted

and imprisoned in the Tower; Marga-

ret and her Son escape into France, ac-

companied by Sir John Fortescue...

Edward's Passion for Elizabeth Wood-

ville; his clandestine Marriage with

her....

176

ib.

ib.

1483. (9th of April) Death of Edward; "The

shortest, yet fullest Account of his

Character is, that he yielded to the Im-

pulse of every Passion".

CHAP. VI.

TO THE BATTLE OF BOSWORTH.

EDWARD V.-RICHARD III. 1483-1485.

State of Court Parties at the Death of

Edward IV..

1483. (29th of April) Meeting between the

young King and his Uncle Richard

Duke of Gloucester; Richard seeks a

Quarrel with the Woodvilles, Edward's

Maternal Uncles.....

180

ib.

181

ib.

182

183

.... ib.

He assumes the Title of Protector...... ib.

He lodges the young Princes in the Tower

(13th of June); Murder of Hastings and

Rivers, and Imprisonment of others.. 184

Penance inflicted on Jane Shore, to render
the Memory of Edward IV. obnoxious ib.

Aspersions on the Legitimacy of the young

185

Princes..

Parliamentary Adoption of the Calumny ib.

(26th of June) Richard King.

177, 178 1485. Richard attempts to gain Popularity by
legal Reformations

1469. This Union displeases Warwick, who had
received the alarming Title of The
King Maker; his Character; he receives
a Pension from Louis XI.; weds his
daughter to Clarence, Edward's brother,
without the Royal Consent..
Revolt in Yorkshire; supposed to have
been fomented by Warwick.
(August) Royal Declaration against War-
wick and Clarence as Rebels..
Louis XI. espouses their Cause, and by
his Mediation Margaret and Warwick
are reconciled, and agree to unite their
Forces against Edward, and to wed
the young Prince Edward to Warwick's
Daughter...

ib.

Disappearance of the Princes; Reasons

for believing them murdered..

186

(18th of October) Revolt of Buckingham 187

His Execution; many of his Adherents,

who escape to Britanny, do Homage to

Henry of Richmond as King..

ib.

ib.

(6th of August) Henry lands at Milford.. 188

(22d of August) Battle of Bosworth; Hen-

ry King.

189

178

ib.

State of Law and Government; Influence

of the Nobility in Elections; Character

of English Institutions by De Comines
and Fortescue.......

ib.

194 1517. Rise of the lower Laborers of London

against foreign Competitors....

Meeting between Henry and Francis I.,

at the Field of the Cloth of Gold...

Trial and Execution of Stafford, Duke of

Buckingham.....

ib. 1520.

1521.

He lands in Cornwall; Insurrection of

the Cornish Men in his favor, who 1523.

march towards London......

1497. (23d of June) The Insurgents defeated... ib.

(September) Perkin takes Sanctuary at the

1498.. Abbey of Beaulieu in Hampshire; (Jan-

uary) he yields himself up...

1499. Conspiracy between him and Clarence for

their joint Deliverance from the Tower;

probability that he was in this a Tool

of Henry for the Destruction of Clar-

ence, whose title was a Source of Anx-

iety

(November) Execution of Warbeck and

of Clarence.

196 1525. Wars in Italy between Charles and Fran-

cis; Francis taken Prisoner....

(August) Alliance between England and

France..

ib. 1529. (June) A Reconciliation between the Pope

Page, A. D.

ib.

The Parliament dissolve and grant to

the King all religious Houses of less

than 2001. per annum...

Discontent of the People at the loss of

the Alms distributed by the Monks.... ib.

(October) Insurrection in Lincolnshire... 248

And in the North; "Pilgrimage of Grace" ib.

(9th of December) The Rebels submit,

on receiving a general Pardon....

231 1537. Visitation of Monasteries; Shrines, Rel-

ics, &c. made available for Purposes of

Revenue..

ib. 1536, Sanguinary Persecution of those who

1537.

went farther than the King in Alien-

ation from Rome....

1539. (April) "Act for abolishing Diversity of

Opinions".

ib.

Jealousy between him and his brother
the Protector, embittered by a Quarrel
about Precedency between their Wives 265

ib. 1549. (February-March) Sudeley attainted and

executed for alleged Designs against the

Government.