A. D. ib. bert, King of Wessex, acquires great 871. Alfred, his early Life... 876. Ravages of the Danes; "All the Saxons 877- He bursts from his Retreat, defeats Guth- 880. run the Danish Chief, compels him to evacuate Wessex, and attempts to set- tle and civilize his Followers, by grant- ing him the Country to the North and East, on Condition of his submitting to 880- Fifteen Years' Peace: Invasion of Hast- 901- Fourteen Kings; ten of them Descend- The Christian Church was the only Insti- tution transmitted entire from the Ro- mans to the Barbarians; Progress of Origin of Clerical Celibacy: Corruption engendered by it; its Value as an In- strument of Ecclesiastical Ambition by destroying all Ties but those of the The monastic Orders called forth by a Reaction of religious Zeal, when the secular Clergy had reached a high Pitch Page B. C. Page Ineffectual Attempts of Ethelred's Sons, Edward, Ethelred's Son, succeeds on the Death of Hardicanute, without Opposi- tion, after twenty-seven Years of Exile ib. Influence of Godwin, Earl of Kent...... ib. His Influence afterwards eclipsed by that 28 30 ib. Close Connexion of Language with ib. 955. The Monks begin to signalize themselves Dunstan, his Attempts to enforce Cleri- cal Celibacy, and reduce Monasteries to the Rule of St. Benedict.... His violent Conduct respecting an un- Asser's Life of Alfred... ib. his Dominions with him: (960) on Ed- 975. Death of Edgar: Succession disputed 33 ib. 979. Treacherous Murder of Edward by El- ib. Lives of the Saints; Welsh Triads.. William Duke of Normandy; the Estab- lishment, by his Ancestor Rollo, of a Scandinavian State in Neustria.. Some expelled Norwegians founded a Re- 1035. William the Conqueror, fifth Duke of Nor- mandy in lineal Descent from him..... 47 Assertion of William that Edward had bequeathed the Crown to him; no he- Let those who consider any Tribes of Men 1016. Death of Ethelred: Edmund Ironside chosen by the English, but compelled to be content with the Country south of the Thames: he dies in November, and ward, and by marrying Maud, a Princess Robert lands at Portsmouth; Normandy An Attempt made by Louis VI. on be- Another Revolt, with the same Object, Louis bestows Flanders and other Prov- Page 61 62 ib. ib. ib. 53 63 1128. ib. ib. Marriage of Henry's Daughter, Maud, ib. ib. ib. William returns to Normandy; another Review of the Causes which contributed 1076. William goes to Normandy, to suppress ib. 1135. (1st of December) Death of Henry.. 1087. (9th of September) Death of William ; 63 ib. Two legal Revolutions completed in this Reign, the Separation of the Ecclesias- tical from the Civil Judicature, and the Consummation of the Feudal System.. 56 1136. Revolt of Baldwin, Earl of Exeter, and Another Attempt by David; Battle of the Standard, in which he is defeated 65 Maud comes to England, assisted by Rob. Maud defeats Stephen near Lincoln; Ste- phen sent in Irons to Bristol; Maud of- fends the Citizens of London by refus- ing Redress of Grievances, and is obliged to fly to Oxford; her Army de- feated and Robert made Prisoner, but Incessant Warfare between the two claimants; Maud at length returns to Normandy, which her Father has wrest- ed from Stephen; Death of Robert.... Henry Fitz-Empress comes to England; Strange Union of religious with other Motives apparently discordant, which Miseries endured by the Crusaders.... fence of an Exercise of Religion older It is no valid Objection to a just Motive, Pope Alexander III. brings about a Peace between the English and French Kings ib. Becket made Archbishop of Canterbury. ib. Becket repents of his Acquiescence: He ib. (21st of December) He is detained and im- ..... 87 ib. ib. 88 Nature of the Ecclesiastical Claims..... ib. 1194. (May) Richard returns to England, having The Objects of both Parties were equally 1199. macy, and suspends Appeals to Rome.. ib. Becket proceeds with equal Violence, and Disputes continue between the English and French Courts on his Account.... 1170. Becket, by Authority of the Pope, ex- communicates the Bishop of London, and lays the Province of Canterbury Becket, however, refuses to remove the whole of the Ecclesiastical Censures, or to do Homage for his Barony... The King's Ejaculations of Complaint at this Circumstance are interpreted by two Knights, as conveying a Desire ib. Henry purges himself from the Crime by Oath, and receives Papal Absolution after most humiliating Submissions... 77 Henry's own Sons made the tools of a 1174. They are reconciled to their Father...... 78 1178. A dreadful War ensues between the Bro- been ransomed for 100,000 Marks of (24th of March) During Hostilities with his Brother John and Philip Augustus, Richard dies of a Wound received be. fore the Castle of Chaluz, in Limousin ib. Progress of Mind during the Thirteenth Century; Zeal and rapid Growth of the Dominican and Franciscan Orders; Scholastic Philosophy; Cultivation of the Vernacular Tongues; Religious Chivalry; Festive Chivalry.. 88, 89 Philip, King of France, shelters and suc- Philip, as Lord Paramount of John's French Dominions, cites him to answer for the Crime, and, on his non-appear- ance, declares those Provinces forfeited 91 1189. (5th of July) Death of Henry at Chinon, during Hostilities with his Son Richard ib. 1213. Innocent offers England to Philip, who as- Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, the Guide of the discontented Barons. (20th of November) Solemn Confederacy 1215. (April) John refuses their Demands; (22d of May) the Barons in possession of (15th of June) Conference at Runny- (18th of October) Death of John.. 1216. Henry, eldest Son of John, crowned in the tenth Year of his Age; the Regency Louis, with some of the Barons who in- 1217. (May) His Party is defeated, and he re- nounces his Claim to the English Crown 101 The Regent bestows the Great Charter on 1220. Hubert de Burgh, Grand Justiciary, suc- 1225. A Parliament of this Year begins the Movement of one of the Main-springs of the English Constitution, by grant- ing a Subsidy upon condition of a Con- 1227. Henry recognized as having attained 1229, Unsuccessful Attempt of Henry at French 1232. Hubert de Burgh degraded from his Office, and succeeded by Peter, Bishop of Win- 1236.. Henry marries Eleanor of Provence; Dis- content at the introduction of her for- eign Relations to Court Preferment; Parliamentary Power over Supplies made available even thus early for ob- taining the Dismissal of the obnoxious Another unsuccessful French War.... 1242. The Supplies granted this Year placed by Parliament in the Hands of four Bar- ons of its own Nomination...... 1244. The Parliament require that four of the Nobility shall be declared Conservators of the Liberties of the Nation, and to The Welsh are indignant at the Submis- ib. Prince David made Prisoner, and con- State of Scotland previous to the Inva- sion of Edward; rival Claims of Bruce and Baliol to the Succession, which gave Edward a Pretext for Interference 113 ib. 1292. (May) Edward summons the Nobility of Scotland to meet him at Norham. (2d of June) Overawed by Threats, they recognize Edward as Lord Paramount of Scotland, and place the Fortresses ib. ib. ib. Edward III. only Fourteen; Isabella and Mortimer reign under his Name; rising Discontent of various Barons.. 1330. (16th of March) the Earl of Kent convict- ed of Treason for an Attempt to corre- spond with his Brother, Edward II., whom he supposed to be alive........ 126 (29th of November). Mortimer executed, under an Impeachment for the Murder Isabella adjudged to have forfeited her 140 De la Pole impeached; the Government His treacherous Murder, with Richard's Connivance, (in July, 1397).... eford, expressive of Discontent with Richard's Government; a Quarrel be- tween them leading to its Disclosure; Richard avails himself of the Circum- stance to banish both these Lords.. 142, 143 ib. The two Kings espouse opposite Parties 1346. Assassination of D'Artaveldt, Edward's Its reduction leads to a Truce, which lasts till 1355, five Years after Philip was succeeded by his Son John.... Richard returns to England, is taken Prisoner at an Interview with Lancas- (29th of September) Richard resigns the (30th of September) The Parliament for- False Statement of hereditary Right made |