-

202; Magendie, 117; Malthus, xv,
7, 88, 90; Marr, Dr, xxix; Mar-
shall, 65; on sheep and cattle,
78 and n.;
on horns of cattle,
207; Mivart, criticisms, 128 n. ;
Mozart as a child, his skill on the
piano compared to instinct, 19 n. ;
Müller on consensual movements,
113;

on variation under uni-
form conditions, (2), 62; on re-
capitulation theory, 219; Mur-
chison, 145 n.; Newton, Alfred,
132 n.; Owen, R., xxvii, 219;
Pallas, 68, 69; Pennant, 93 n.;
Pliny on selection, 67; Poeppig,
113 n.; Prain, Col., xxix; Rengger,
sterility, 100; Richardson, 132 n.;
Rutherford, H. W., xxix; St
Hilaire on races of dogs, 106;

on sterility of tame and do-
mestic animals, 12, 100; Smith,
Jordan, 140; Sprengel, 233;
Stapf, Dr, xxix; Strickland, xxvii;
Suchetet, 97 n.; Thiselton-Dyer,
Sir W., xxix, 167; Wallace, xxiv,
xxix, 30, 170 n.; Waterhouse, 125,
126; Western, Lord, 9, 65, 91;
Whewell, xxviii, 200; Woodward,
H. B., 145 n.; Wrangel, 119 n.;
Zacharias, Darwin's letter to, IV

Barriers and distribution, 30, 154,
157, 178

Bees, 113, 117; combs of Hive-bee,
19, 121, 125, 126
Beetles, abortive wings of, 45
BIRDS, transporting seeds, 169;
feeding young with food different
to their own, 19, 126; migration,
123, 124; nests, 120, 121, 122, 126;
of Galapagos, 19, 159; rapid in-
crease, 88; song, 117

BIRDS, NAMES OF:-Apteryx, 45,
236; Duck, 46, 61, 65, 128, 224 n.;
Fowl, domestic, 59, 82 n., 97, 113,
114, 217; Goose, 72; - periodic
habit, 124 n.; Grouse, hybridised,
97, 102; Guinea-fowl, 79; Hawk,
sterility, 100; -periodic habit,
124; Opetiorynchus, 83; Orpheus,
31; Ostrich, distribution of, 158;
Owl, white barn, 82; Partridge,
infertility of, 102; Peacock, 79, 97,
102; Penguin, 128 n., 237; Petrel,

128 m.; Pheasant, 97, 102; Pigeon,
66, 82, 110 n., 113, 114, 116, 117,
129, 135; see Wood-pigeon; Rhea,
158; Robins, increase in numbers,
88, 90; Rock-thrush of Guiana, 93;
Swan, species of, 105; Tailor-bird,
18, 118; Turkey, Australian bush-
turkey, 121 n., 122; Tyrannus, 31;
Water-ouzel, 18 n., 120; Wood-
cock, loss of migratory instinct,
120; Woodpecker, 6, 16, 128 n.,
148;
in treeless lands, 16, 131;
Wood-pigeon, 122; Wren, gold-
crested, 120; willow, 105, 148
Breeds, domestic, parentage of, 71
Brothers, death of by same peculiar
disease in old age, 42 n., 44 n.,
223

---

Bud variation, 58; see Sports
Butterfly, cabbage, 127

-

run-

Catastrophes, geological, 145, 147
Caterpillars, food, 126, 127
Characters, acquired, inheritance of,
1, 57, 60, 225; congenital, 60;
-fixed by breeding, 61;-mental,
variation in, 17, 112, 119;
ning through whole groups, 106;
useless for classification, 199
Cirripedes, 201, 229
Classification, natural system of, 35,
199, 206, 208; - by any constant
character, 201; relation of, to
geography, 202; a law that
members of two distinct groups
resemble each other not specifi-
cally but generally, 203, 212;
of domestic races, 204; rarity
and extinction in relation to,
210

-

ac-

Compensation, law of, 106
Conditions, direct, action of, 1, 57 n.,
62, 65; change of, analogous to
crossing, 15, 77 n., 105;
cumulated effects of, 60, 78;
affecting reproduction, 1, 4, 78, 99;
- and geographical distribution,

152

Continent originating as archipelago,
bearing of on distribution, 189
Cordillera, as channel of migration,
34 n., 191
Correlation, 76

Creation, centres of, 168, 192
Crocodile, 146

-

--

Elevation, geological, favouring birth
of new species, 32, 34 n., 35 n., 185–
189;
alternating with subsi-
dence, importance of for evolution,
33, 190; bad for preservation
of fossils, 194
Embryo, branchial arches of, 42,
220; absence of special adapt-
ation in, 42, 44 n., 220, 228 ; — less
variable than parent, hence im-
portance of embryology for classi-
fication, 44 n., 229; alike in all
vertebrates, 42, 218 ; occasion-
ally more complicated than adult,
219, 227
Embryology, 42, 218; its value in
classification, 45, 200; law of in-
heritance at corresponding ages,
44 n., 224; young of very distinct
breeds closely similar, 44 n., 225
Ephemera, selection falls on larva,
87 n.

Essay of 1844, writing of, xvi;
compared with that of 1842 and
with the Origin, xxii
Evolution,' theory of, why do we tend
to reject it, 248

Expression, inheritance of, 114
Extinction, 23, 147, 192; locally
sudden, 145; continuous with
rarity, 147, 198

Extinction and rarity, 198
Eye, 111 n., 128, 129, 130

Faculty, in relation to instinct, 123
Faunas, alpine, 30, 170, 188; of
Galapagos, 31 n., 82, 159; insular-
alpine very peculiar, 188; in-
sular, 159, 160

Fauna and flora, of islands related
to nearest land, 187

Fear of man, inherited, 17, 113
Fertility, interracial, 103, 104
Fish, colours of, 130, 131; eggs of
carried by water-beetle,
flying, 128 n.;
whirlwind, 169

169;
transported by

Floras, alpine, 162; of oceanic
islands, 162; alpine, related to
surrounding lowlands, 163; alpine,
identity of on distant mountains,
163; alpine resembling arctic, 164;
arctic relation to alpine, 164
Flower, morphology of, 39, 216;
degenerate under domestication
if neglected, 58; changed by
selection, 66

Fly, causing extinction, 149
Flying, evolution of, 16, 131
Food, causing variations, 1, 58, 77,
78

Formation (geological) evidence
from Tertiary system, 144; (geo-
logical), groups of species appear
suddenly in Secondary, 26, 144;
Paleozoic, if contemporary with
beginning of life, author's theory
false, 138

groups and indirectly intermediate,
24, 137; conditions favourable to
preservation, not favourable to
existence of much life, 25, 139,
141

Fruit, attractive to animals, 130

Galapagos Islands and Darwin's
views, xiv; physical character of
in relation to fauna, 31 n., 159
Galapagos Islands, fauna, 31 n., 82
Gasteropods, embryology, 218
Genera, crosses between, 11, 97;

wide ranging, has wide ranging
species, 155; origin of, 209
Geography, in relation to geology,

31 n., 174, 177

Instinct, variation in, 17, 112; and
faculty, 18, 123; guided by reason,
18, 19, 118; migratory, 19; migra-
tory, loss of by woodcocks, 120;
migratory, origin of, 125; due to
germinal variation rather than
habit, 116; requiring education
for perfection, 117; characterised
by ignorance of end: e.g. butter-
flies laying eggs, 17, 118; butter-
flies laying eggs on proper plant,
118, 127; instinct, natural selec-
tion applicable to, 19, 120
Instinct, for finding the way,
124; periodic, i.e. for lapse of
time, 124; comb-making of bee,
125; birds feeding young, 19, 126;
nest-building, gradation in, 18,
120, 121, 122; instincts, complex,
difficulty in believing in their
evolution, 20, 121

Intermediate forms, see Forms
Island, see Elevation, Fauna, Flora
Island, upheaved and gradually
colonised, 184

Islands, nurseries of new species, 33,
35 n., 185, 189

Isolation, 32, 34 n., 64, 95, 183, 184

Lepidosiren, 140 n., 212

Limbs, vertebrate, of one type, 38,
216

MAMMALS, arctic, transported by
icebergs, 170; distribution, 151,
152, 193; distribution of, ruled by
barriers, 154; introduced by man
on islands, 172; not found on
oceanic islands, 172; relations in
time and space, similarity of, 176;
of Tertiary period, relation of to
existing forms in same region, 174

MAMMALS, NAMES OF:-Antelope,
148; Armadillo, 174; Ass, 79,
107, 172; Bat, 38, 123, 128 n., 131,
132, 214; Bear sterile in cap-
tivity, 100; whale-like habit,
128 n.; Bizcacha, 168, 203, 212;
Bull, mammæ of, 232; Carnivora,
law of compensation in, 106;
Cats, run wild at Ascension, 172;
tailless, 60; Cattle, horns of, 75,
207; increase in S. America,

-

- Indian, 205; Niata, 61,
suffering in parturition
from too large calves, 75; Chee-
tah, sterility of, 100 and n.;
Chironectes, 199; Cow, abortive
mammæ, 232; Ctenomys, see Tuco-
tuco; Dog, 106, 114; in Cuba,
113 and n.; mongrel breed in
oceanic islands, 70; difference
in size a bar to crossing, 97;
domestic, parentage of, 71,
drooping ears, 236;

72, 73;

-

-

-inter-

races

re-

effects of selection, 66;
fertile, 14; long-legged breed
produced to catch hares, 9, 10,
91, 92; of savages, 67;
of resembling genera, 106, 204;
- Australian, change of colour in,
61;
bloodhound, Cuban, 204;
bull-dog, 113; foxhound,
114, 116; greyhound and bull-
dog, young of resembling each
other, 43, 44 n., 225; pointer,
114, 115, 116, 117, 118;
triever, 118 n.; setter, 114;
- shepherd-dog and harrier
crossed, instinct of, 118, 119;
tailless, 60; turnspit, 66;
Echidna, 82 n.; Edentata, fossil
and living in S. America, 174;
Elephant, sterility of, 12, 100;
Elk, 125; Ferret, fertility of, 12,
102; Fox, 82, 173, 181; Galeo-
pithecus, 131 n.; Giraffe, fossil,
177; tail, 128 n.; Goat, run wild
at Tahiti, 172; Guanaco, 175;
Guinea-pig, 69; Hare, S. Ameri-
can, 158 n.; Hedgehog, 82 n.;
Horse, 67, 113, 115, 148, 149;

-

-

checks to increase, 148, 149;
increase in S. America, 90;
malconformations and lame-
ness inherited, 58; parentage,
71, 72; stripes on, 107;
young of cart-horse and race-
horse resembling each other,
43; Hyena, fossil, 177; Jaguar,
catching fish, 132; Lemur, flying,
131 n.; Macrauchenia, 137; Mar-
supials, fossil in Europe, 175 n.,
177; pouch bones, 232, 237;
Mastodon, 177; Mouse, 153, 155;

enormous rate of increase, 89,
90; Mule, occasionally breeding, 97,
102; Musk-deer, fossil, 177; Mus-

tela vison, 128 n., 132 n.; Mydas,
170; Mydaus, 170; Nutria, see
Otter; Otter, 131, 132, 170;

in

marsupial, 199, 205, 211;
Pachydermata, 137; Phascolomys,
203, 212; Pig, 115, 217;
oceanic islands, 70; run wild
at St Helena, 172; Pole-cat,
aquatic, 128 n., 132 n.; Porpoise,
paddle of, 38, 214; Rabbit, 74,
113, 236; Rat, Norway, 153;
Reindeer, 125; Rhinoceros, 148;

abortive teeth of, 45, 231;
three oriental species of, 48,
249; Ruminantia, 137 and n.;
Seal, 93 n., 131; Sheep, 68, 78,
117, 205; Ancon variety,
59, 66, 73; - inherited habit of
returning home to lamb, 115;

transandantes of Spain, their
migratory instinct, 114, 117, 124 n. ;
Squirrel, flying, 131; Tapir, 135,
136; Tuco-tuco, blindness of, 46,
236; Whale, rudimentary_teeth,
45, 229; Wolf, 71, 72, 82; Yak, 72
Metamorphosis, literal not meta-
phorical, 41, 217
Metamorphosis, e.g. leaves into
petals, 215

Migrants to new land, struggle
among, 33, 185
Migration, taking the place of varia-
tion, 188

Monstrosities, as starting-points of
breeds, 49, 59; their relation to
rudimentary organs, 46, 234
Morphology, 38, 215; terminology
of, no longer metaphorically used,
41, 217
Mutation, see Sports

Natural selection, see Selection
Nest, bird's, see Instinct

Ocean, depth of, and fossils, 25, 195
Organisms, gradual introduction of
new, 23, 144; extinct related to,
existing in the same manner as
representative existing ones to
each other, 33, 192; introduced,
beating indigenes, 153; depen-
dent on other organisms rather
than on physical surroundings,
185; graduated complexity in
the great classes, 227; immature,

how subject to natural selection,
42, 220, 228; all descended from
a few parent-forms, 52, 252
Organs, perfect, objection to their
evolution, 15, 128; distinct in
adult life, indistinguishable in
embryo, 42, 218; rudimentary,
45, 231, 232, 233; rudimentary,
compared to monstrosities, 46,
234; rudimentary, caused by dis-
use, 46, 235; rudimentary, adapted
to new ends, 47, 237
Orthogenesis, 241 n.

Oscillation of level in relation to

continents, 33, 34 n., 189

Pallas, on parentage of domestic
animals, 71

Pampas, imaginary case of farmer
on, 32, 184

Perfection, no inherent tendency
towards, 227

Plants, see also Flora; fertilisation,
70; migration of, to arctic and
antarctic regions, 167; alpine and
arctic, migration of, 31, 166;
alpine, characters common to,
162; alpine, sterility of, 13, 101

PLANTS, NAMES OF:-Ægilops, 58n.;
Artichoke (Jerusalem), 79; Ash,
weeping, seeds of, 61; Asparagus,
79; Azalea, 13, 59, 97; Cabbage,
109, 135, 204; Calceolaria, 11, 99;
Cardoon, 153; Carrot, variation
of, 58 n.; Chrysanthemum, 59;
Crinum, 11, 99; Crocus, 96, 99 n.;
Cucubalus, crossing, 232; Dahlia,
21, 59, 63, 69, 74, 110; Foxglove,
82; Gentian, colour of flower,
107 n.; Geranium, 102; Gladiolus,
crossed, ancestry of, 11; Grass,
abortive flowers, 233; Heath,
sterility, 96; Hyacinth, colours
of, 106; feather-hyacinth, 229;
Juniperus, hybridised, 97; La-
burnum, peculiar hybrid, 108;
Lilac, sterility of, 13, 100; Mari-
gold, style of, 47, 233, 237 ;
Mistletoe, 6, 86, 87, 90 n.; Necta-
rines on peach trees, 59; Oxalis,
colour of flowers of, 107 n.;
Phaseolus, cultivated form suffers
from frost, 109; Pine-apple, 207;
Poppy, Mexican, 154; Potato, 69,

74, 110; Rhododendron, 97, 99;
Rose, moss, 59; Scotch, 69;
Seakale, 79; Sweet-william, 59;
Syringa, persica and chinensis, see
Lilac; Teazle, 129; Thuja, hybri-
dised, 97; Tulips, "breaking" of,
58; Turnip, Swedish and common,
205; Vine, peculiar hybrid, 108;
Yew, weeping, seeds of, 61
Plasticity, produced by domestica-
tion, 1, 63

Plesiosaurus, loss of unity of type
in, 41, 217

Pteropods, embryology, 218

Quadrupeds, extinction of large,

147

Quinary System, 202

Race, the word used as equivalent to
variety, 94

Races, domestic, classification of,

204

Rarity, 28, 148; and extinction, 28,
149, 210

Recapitulation theory, 42, 219, 230,

239

Record, geological, imperfection of,
26, 140
Regions, geographical, of the world,
29, 152, 174; formerly less distinct
as judged by fossils, 177
Resemblance, analogical, 36, 199
Reversion, 3, 64, 69, 74
"Roguing," 65

Rudimentary organs, see Organs

Savages, domestic animals of, 67, 68,
96

Selection, human, 3, 63; references to
the practice of, in past times, 67;
great effect produced by, 3, 91;
necessary for the formation of
breeds, 64; methodical, effects of,
3, 65; unconscious, 3, 67
Selection, natural, xvi, 7, 87; natural
compared to human, 85, 94, 224 ;
of instincts, 19, 120; difficulty of
believing, 15, 121, 128

Selection, sexual, two types of, 10,

92

Silk-worms, variation in larval state,
44 n., 223

Skull, morphology of, 39, 215