rsal fascicles with four or five shorter, stouter, and straighter,

ite setæ.

Six miles S. E. of Passage Island, 47 fathoms; on line from the te Islands toward Stannard Rock, fourth haul, 159 fathoms. Tubifex profundicola Verrill, sp. nov. A rather stout species the genus, about 1 to 15 inches long, 05 in diameter aniorly, more slender posteriorly (02 in diameter). Cephalic e short, conical; one specimen apparently had two minute lli. Mouth large, semi-circular. Intestine moniliform, with

simple red blood-vessels running along its whole length I uniting at the constrictions. In the first five or six segnts there are slender vessels of nearly uniform size, which n lateral loops in each segment. Anus terminal, wide, with ut ten small lobes. Setæ in four fascicles upon each segt. Those of the lateral fascicles three anteriorly, often but short, slightly curved, mostly with minute forked and ked tips; those of the ventral series in fascicles of four to three or four times longer than the upper ones, considerably t, the ends minutely hooked and forked.

Jeepigon Bay, 32 fathoms.

Tephelis fervida Verrill, sp. nov. Leech two or three inches , 20 to 30 wide, elongated and slender in full extension, y little depressed, most so posteriorly, often round and ring anteriorly. Mouth large, nearly circular, subterminal, upper lip, in contraction, short and rounded; corrugated in the oesophagus with three conspicuous folds, eyes eight, kish, conspicuous, two pairs, a little apart, on the first ring he head; two pairs wider apart and farther back on the dring. Color bright brick-red, when living.

1 8 to 13 fathoms, south side of St. Ignace.

small specimen, probably the young of this species, taken in o 15 fathoms, in Simmon's Harbor, was translucent, tinged flesh color, with a dark brown intestinal line posteriorly. ephelis lateralis Verrill (Hirudo lateralis Say). A small imen, about 1 inch in length, of an obscure liver-brown r, was taken, in 6 to 8 fathoms, among the Slate Islands, h probably belongs to this species.

hthyobdella punctata Verrill, sp. nov. Body, in extension, der, in the preserved specimen, about 5 of an inch long, n greatest diameter, rounded, thickest posteriorly, tapering riorly to the anterior sucker, which is broad and thin, circular, about three times as wide as the neck where it is hed. Ocelli four, on the upper side of the anterior sucker, wo larger, black ones, in front, and two minute ones wider t and farther back. Posterior sucker large, rounded or Color translucent greenish, with minute black specks ged in transverse bands.

mong the Slate Islands, 6 to 8 fathoms.

Procotyla fluviatilis Leidy. Numerous specimens, appart of this species, were obtained in 8-13 fathoms on the s side of St. Ignace. They were, when living, dirty white, with brown.

In addition to the preceding species of worms, a few obtained which have not yet been fully determined.

CRUSTACEA.

Mysis relicta Lovén. The occurrence of this and the fo ing species, identical with forms from Lake Michigan, and lakes of northern Europe, is mentioned in the last number this Journal. It was brought up with sand and mud fr to 14 fathoms at the eastern end of St. Ignace, from 8: fathoms, with Cladophora, on the south side of the island, and from deep water in a large proportion of the i from 73 to 148 fathoms.

Pontoporeia affinis Lindström. This species was four! every haul from the shallowest to the deepest.

Crangonyx gracilis Smith, sp. nov. Eyes slightly elon black, composed of few facets. Antennulæ slender, slightly than half as long as the body; secondary flagellum but longer than the basal segment of the primary. At much shorter than the antennulae; the flagellum and pe of about equal length, the peduncle being a little longer the peduncle of the antennulæ. Gnathipoda sub-equí. 4 both sexes, the second pair being only slightly larger th first; propodus in the first pair quadrate, the palmary transverse, nearly straight, and armed with slender spir which one or two at the prominent posterior angle are larger than the others; propodus in the second pair like of the first, but a little more elongated and the pa margin slightly oblique. Third, fourth and fifth pereiopoda equal in length and the margins of their spinulose. Ultimate pleopoda reaching to the tips c penultimate; the outer ramus nearly twice as long s peduncle, and armed with slender spines; the inner very minute, shorter than the width of the outer. scarcely as long as the bases of the ultimate pleopoda. £. broader than long, and the posterior margin with a trian emargination, either side of which the extremity is tru and armed with several spines.

The incubatory lamella of the female are very larg jecting much beyond the coxæ of the anterior legs, as curvatus Grube, which our species much resemble in the of the antennulæ, antennæ, gnathepoda, etc., while it much in the ultimate pleopoda and in the form of the Length, 5 to 7mm.

C

Among Cladophora, in 8 to 13 fathoms, on the south side of . Ignace.

Gammarus lacustris Sinith, sp. nov. Eyes slightly elonted, black. Antennulæ not quite half as long as the body, d furnished with a few short hairs; first and second segents of the peduncle equal in length, third much shorter; gellum twice as long as the peduncle. Antennæ a little orter than the antennulæ; ultimate and penultimate segents of the peduncle equal in length, the basal segments ort; flagellum considerably shorter than the peduncle. athipoda about equal in size; propodus in the first pair ongated and much narrowed toward the articulation of the opodus; palmary margin slightly concave, continuous with posterior margin, and furnished, like it, with several stout nes and numerous long hairs, dactylus slightly curved and ly half as long as the propodus; propodus in the second ir a little broader, the lateral margins nearly parallel, the Imary margin somewhat oblique, slightly concave, and nished with a thin raised margin, and several stout spines, posterior margin without spines, but furnished with numeas fascicles of hairs. Pleon rounded above, the fourth and ch segments each with three fascicles of two or three small nes. Third, fourth, and fifth pairs of pereiopoda sub-equal, ir basa narrow and the margins furnished with few minute nes. Rami of the posterior pair of pleopoda very slender, edges furnished with long hairs and a few spines, inner y a little shorter than the outer. Length, 15 to 20mm Jolor in life uniform, obscure, dark brownish-green, withspots or markings of any kind.

Common in company with the last species in 8 to 13 oms; also at Simmon's harbor, in 13 to 15 fathoms, and ong the Slate Islands, in 4 to 6 and 12 to 14 fathoms. Asellus tenax Smith, sp. nov. Head broad, with a large nded sinus in the margin on each side opposite the eye, k of which the margin projects in a rounded lobe, so that head is not narrower posteriorly than the anterior margin the first segment of the pereion. Eyes small, prominent, 1 separated from the margin of the head by more than ir diameters. Antennulæ much shorter than the peduncles the antennæ. Antennæ half as long as the body; the ellum longer than the peduncle. Propodus in the first r of gnathipoda narrow and elongated, but considerably iter in the male than in the female; dactylus more than half Long as the propodus and its palmary edge armed with acute es, of which the distal ones are larger. The succeeding s of legs all similar, the carpal and propodal segments subal in length and armed with short spines along the posterior

edges; the dactyli short, armed with a few spines on the p terior margin, and bi-unguiculate at tip. Pleon narrowed teriorly, and the extremity obtusely rounded. Posterior opoda slender, the outer ramus only half as long as the in Length, 8 to 13mm.

Color above dark fuscous, spotted and mottled with y lowish.

Common with the last two species, among the Cladoph in 8 to 13 fathoms; also in 4 to 6 fathoms at the eastern eni St. Ignace, and in 6 to 8 fathoms among the Slate Islan Numerous species of Entomostraca were collected at m places, but they have not yet been examined sufficiently for enumeration of the species.

In addition to the species of the groups already mentione insect larvæ and pupa were obtained at nearly every ha Several species of Chironomus, or of closely allied genera, we common, a slender translucent species being found down: 147 fathoms; an Ephemerid lava occurred at 32 fathoms Neepigon Bay, and two species of Phryganeida larvæ we common among Cladophora in 8 to 13 fathoms on the south side of St. Ignace.

ART. LVIII.-On Kilauea and Mauna Loa; by Rev. TITUS COAN. (From a letter to J. D. Dana, dated Hilo, Aug. 30.)

DURING the present month I have, in connection with my pas toral labors, visited Kilauea and the whole coast of Puna. I had not seen the volcano since July, 1869, more than a year after the great earthquake and eruption of April, 1868. At this visit, in 1869, I found the crater very quiet. The central and convex part had subsided some four hundred feet, forming a vast concave, and leaving a high, serrous, black ledge around the circumference of the crater. The south lake was not included in the central basin or depression; but it formed a much deeper pit within the southern rim of the black ledge. The whole crater of Kilauea was then quiescent, with light puffs of long, white steam rising here and there. There were no demonstrations, and so nearly cooled was the bottom of that great south lake-Halemaumau-that I went down into it some twelve hundred feet below the upper rim of Kilauea, and measured across the floor. I found the diameter five-sixths of a mile, the pit being more than a mile wide from the upper north to the upper south rim. There were several places, however, at that time, where the incandescent rocks were seen boiling fiercely, through fissures, in caverns fifty to one hundred feet below. Such was the state of the crater on my visit in July, 1869.

On my recent visit, two years later, I found great changes. The south lake had been filled with molten lavas, and successive

erflowings had covered deeply all the southern end of the iter, and sent off their fiery streams two miles to the north, vering the great central depression to the depth of fifty feet. Mr. L. Kaina, an observant and intelligent Hawaiian, who eps a respectable hotel at the volcano, told me that, from April October, 1870 (while I was in the United States), repeated and and overflowings occurred from Halemaumau, the fiery waves ging and dashing down the northern declivities, filling the ole crater with intense heat and stifling gases; it threw up a eet of lurid light toward the zenith, producing the appearance a firmament in conflagration, and reminding one of the bold ures of Peter in speaking of "the heavens being on fire . . . and > elements melting with fervent heat."

My informant told me that he, several times, witnessed what I ve more than once seen, viz: the fiery lake rising slowly to the 1, boiling and spilling over, and, by hardening in successive ata, raising a circular dam or barrier around the whole circumence of the lake, some fifteen to twenty-five feet high. Within s circular dike or raised rim the molten sea boils and rages until heat, the action, and the lateral pressure burst the conical 11, when the seething flood rushes out with awful power, and vers a vast area with its burning waves. Such a scene I witsed shortly after I lost your pyrometer, which had been thrust o a fiery lake such as is here described. I judge that the overwings from this south lake, during my absence, cover four are miles to a depth of fifty to three hundred feet-the deepest tion being an elevated region lying all around Halemaumau1 extending east, south, and west, to the outer walls of Kilauea, 1 flowing down a steep slope to the north, and sweeping over great central concave.

All was

was in the crater on the 22d instant, and was at once surprised ́h the great changes manifest. I had no sooner descended from northern terrace, or black rim, than I found myself on new und. All old tracks and landmarks were obliterated. ast. About half a mile from the south lake I began to rise on angle of some 25° until I was on a level with the rim of the ldron. About three hundred yards from the pit the heat was great, and the gases so pungent, that I could not proceed in a ect line to the margin. Being driven back I made a detour, 1 again attempted a direct approach. Failing in this, I retreated a safer atmosphere, and then flanked the fiery pit at some disce, traveling southwestward for half a mile. Here I found the oke and gases lighter, and again I advanced on the crater at ht angles. With difficulty I succeeded in reaching the rim, a puff of wind favoring by sweeping off the dense smoke of pit in another direction, I caught a twenty-second glimpse of awful abyss below. I judged the pit of Halemaumau to be en hundred feet deep, one mile and a half long from east to st, and one mile from north to south. But it was full of dense umns of smoke and sulphurous gases which were rapidly rising M. JOUR. SCI.-THIRD SERIES, VOL. II, No. 12.-DEC., 1871.