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HARRIS, Thomas Lake, b. Fenny Stratford, England, 1823. He founded the Brotherhood of the New Life, a mystical organization at Salem-on-Erie, near Brocton, N. Y., and afterwards became a resident of California. "The Great_Republic, a Poem of the Sun," 1:67; Star Flowers," verse, 1886; and "God's Breath in Man," 1891, are among his published writings. At the age of seventy-seven Mr. Harris made his home in New York City, and was still alert with pen and brain.

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HARTE, Francis Bret, b. Albany, N. Y., 25 Aug., 1839. He lost his father in childhood, and, after receiving a common school education, went to Sonora, Cal., where he taught for a while. He afterwards worked in a mine and in a printing-office, was an express agent, and finally formed an editorial connection with

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The Golden Era " of San Francisco. In 1864 he was made secretary of the U. S. Branch Mint, and became editor of "The Californian," in which weekly he published his "Condensed Novels." In 1868 he began to edit the newly founded "Overland Monthly," and contributed to its second number his story "The Luck of Roaring Camp." The humorous poem Plain Talk from Truthful James" appeared in the same magazine in 1870. His fame spreading, he removed to the Atlantic coast in 1871; was appointed U. S. consul at Crefeld, Germany, in 1878, and at Glasgow, Scotland, in 1880. After holding the latter office five years, he made his home in England, near London. Among his works are Condensed Novels," 1867; Poems," 1871; "The Luck of Roaring Camp, and Other Sketches," 1871; "East and West Poems," 1871; Stories of the Sierras," 1872; "Poetical Works," 1873; Echoes of the Foothills," poems, 1874; "Tales of the Argonauts," 1875; "Thankful Blossom," 1876; Drift from Two Shores," 1878; "In the Carquinez Woods," 1883; By Shore and Sedge,' 1885; "Maruja," novel, 1885; "Snowbound at Eagle's," 1886; "The Queen of the Pirate Isle," for children, 1887; A Phyllis of the Sierras," 1887; "A Waif of the Plains," 1890;

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In a Hollow of the Hills," 1895; "Three Partners," 1897. D. Camberley, Eng., 6 May, 1902.

HASTINGS, Thomas, musician and hymnwriter, b. Washington, Conn., 1784; d. New York, N. Y., 1872. Widely known as composer, lecturer, teacher, and writer in the interest of sacred music. Distinguished with Dr. Lowell Mason as a founder of the prevailing psalmody of America. From 1842 till his death, Dr. Hastings made New York City the centre of his labors, being associated with many churches of the metropolis, and a constant con tributor to the periodic press.

HAWKES, Clarence, b. Goshen. Mass., 1869. Known as the "Blind Poet of New England." An industrious writer of short stories, poems, and sketches, and also a lecturer. Among his publications are "Pebbles and Shells," verse, 1895; "Idyls of Old New

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York, N. Y., 18-. A daughter of Julian Hawthorne. By her occasional poems and sketches she has proved that a literary heritage can descend to the third generation.

HAWTHORNE, Julian, novelist, b. Boston, Mass., 22 June, 1846, Son of Nathaniel Hawthorne, and brother of Rose Hawthorne Lathrop. He spent a number of years in Europe before and after his graduation at Harvard, beginning life as a civil engineer. Since 1882 he has lived chiefly in New York City and its vicinage. His Saxon Studies" were published in The Contemporary Review" and afterwards in a volume. His works include

Garth," 1875; "Archibald Malmaison,"

1878; Nathaniel Hawthorne and His Wife," 1885; "Confessions and Criticisms," 1887; and many other volumes in various departments of literature.

HAWTHORNE, Nathaniel, romancer, b. Salem, Mass., 4 July, 1804; d. Plymouth, N. H., 19 May, 1864. The most imaginative and eminent of American romancers in the 19th century left no volume of poetry, and it appears not to have been recalled, until very recently, that anything in verse-form had ap peared from his pen. Geo. Parsons Lathrop, however, before his own death, in 1898, chanced upon a copy of the religious illustrated giftbook, in the style of the " Annuals" of that day, "Scenes in the Life of our Saviour: by the Poets and Painters," published under R. W. Griswold's editorship, 1845. The book contains two contributions in verse by Hawthorne, entitled "Walking on the Sea," and "The Star of Calvary.' The last-named poem, composed, like Hood's "Eugene Aram " and Rossetti's "Blessed Damozel,' in the measure and manner of Coleridge's "Wondrous Rime," is by far the better of the two and worth its space on p. 191.

HAY, Helen, b. New York, N. Y., 18-. Daughter of John Hay. The poetry in Miss Hay's initial volume, "Some Verses," 1898, has the quality of distinction, and was at once approved for its artistic perfection, impassioned lyrical expression, and suggestion of reserved dramatic force. (Now Mrs. Payne Whitney.)

HAY, John, diplomat and statesman, b, Salem, Ind., 8 Oct., 1838. Graduated at Brown University; admitted to the bar in 1861. He was assistant private secretary to Lincoln from the beginning of the war till the President's death, and served as his adjutant and aide-decamp. In 186- he went to the front with Generals Hunter and Gillmore and saw active ser vice. He won the rank of major and assistant adjutant-general, and was brevetted lieutenant colonel and colonel, He was U. S. secretary of legation at Paris, 1865-67; chargé d'affaires at Vienna, 1867-68; and secretary of legation

at Madrid, 1868-70. After his return to America he joined the staff of the New York "Tribune," and was one of the ablest leader-writers that have adorned our journalism. As a diversion, he contributed some of his Pike County Ballads to that paper. He was assistant secretary of state under President Hayes, 1879-81, but it was not until 1897 that an administration gave him an opportunity, as ambassador to Great Britain, of fully utilizing his natural and trained abilities for the highest diplomatic service. In 1898 he was recalled to enter Pres. McKinley's cabinet as secretary of state, at the most important and historic stage, since the Civil War, of American events. Mr. Hay has published Pike County Ballads, and Other Pieces," 1871;"Castilian Days," 1871; "Poems," 1890; and with J. G. Nicolay, the authoritative history of Abraham Lincoln which first appeared in The Century Magazine, 1887. Thought to have been author of the anonymous novel "The Bread-Winners,' 1883. (D. Newbury, N. H., 1 July, 1905.)

HAYES, Ednah Proctor (Clarke), b. New York, N. Y., 187-. Daughter of Col. I. Edwards Clarke, of the U. S. Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C., which city was her chief place of residence until her marriage in 1899 to Dr. Henry L. Hayes, and her removal with him to the Hawaiian Islands. Is a cousin of Edna Dean Proctor. Author of An Opal: Verses by Ednah Proctor Clarke," 1897.

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HAYNE, Paul Hamilton, b. Charleston, S. C., 1 Jan., 1830; d. "Copse Hill," Grovetown, Ga., 6 July, 1886. He was graduated at the University of South Carolina, gave up the practice of law for literature, and edited successively, "Russell's Magazine," the Charleston" Literary Gazette and Evening News." He was a colonel in the Confederate army, and wrote several popular Confederate songs. The war undermining his health and destroying his home, he retired with his family to a cottage,

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Copse Hill," at Grovetown, in the pine barrens near Augusta, Ga. Hayne was long our representative Southern poet, honored and beloved by his colleagues in all portions of the United States, and by not a few in the MotherPoems," land. He issued 66 1855; Sonnets and Other Poems," 1857; "Avolio, a Legend of Cos," 1859; "Legends and Lyrics," 1872; "The Mountain of the Lovers, and Other Poems," 1873. He wrote a memoir of Henry Timrod, 1873; and lives of Hugh S. Legaré and of his uncle, Robert Y. Hayne, 1878. An elegant edition of his complete poems appeared in 1882.

HAYNE, William Hamilton, b. Charles ton, S. C., 1856. Son of Paul Hamilton Hayne. Received his education chiefly at home. The greater part of his life has been passed at

Copse Hill," Grovetown, the family residence near Augusta, Ga. His first published poem appeared in 1881. Author of "Sylvan Lyrics, and Other Verses," 1893, and of numerous critical articles.

HEATON, John Langdon, journalist, b. Canton, N. J., 1860. Graduated there, at St. Lawrence University, 1880. Among his writings are "Stories of Napoleon," 1895; “The Quilting Bee, and Other Poems," 1896.

HEDGE, Frederic Henry, Unitarian clergyman, b. Cambridge, Mass., 1805; d. there, 1890, Son of Prof. Levi Hedge. In 1818 he was sent to Germany, where he passed five years in study. Graduated at Harvard in 1825, and in 1857 was appointed professor of ecclesiastical history there, and later professor of German. He edited "The Christian Examiner," 185760, wrote the standard work, "The Prose Writers of Germany," 1848; "Martin Luther, and Other Essays," 1888; several theological works, and many hymns and translations of hymns. With Mrs. Annis Lee Wister he prepared Metrical Translations and Poems."

HELLMAN, George Sidney, b. New York, N. Y., 1878. Son of Mrs. Frances Hellman, whose translations from Heine and other German poets have distinction. Graduated at Columbia, where he was editor of the "Liter ary Monthly " and managing editor of the "Spectator." In 1899, with Mr. W. A. Bradley, he established "East and West," a monthly literary magazine.

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HERBERT, Henry William (" Frank Forester"). b. London, Eng., 1807; died by his own hand, New York, N. Y., 1858. Son of the Dean of Manchester, and a graduate of Oxford. He came to New Jersey in the thirties, and made his living by work as a classical editor and man of letters. Edited the “American Monthly," 1833-36. Author of " Cromwell," 1837; "My Shooting Box," 1846, and many books on field sports and on historical themes. His (collected) "Poems, a Memorial Volume," was edited by Mrs. Margaret Herbert Mather, ("Morgan Herbert ") and brought out in an elegant subscription edition, 1888.

HERFORD, Oliver, b. (Fairyland ?) 186Son of the Rev. Brooke Herford. His double talent with pen and pencil, in the exercise of fancy, wit, and humor, has won him an enviable position among writers of the day. Some of his publications are: Artful Anticks," 188; The Primer of Natural History," 1899; "The Bashful Earthquake," 1899.

"HERMES, Paul." See W. R. Thayer HICKOX, Chauncey, journalist, b. Ra

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HIGGINSON, Thomas Wentworth, b. Cambridge, Mass., 22 Dec., 1823. A descendant of the Rev. Francis Higginson, distinguished among the earliest Puritan colonists of New England. Graduating at Harvard, he was for a time engaged in teaching. He studied for the liberal ministry, and was settled over churches at Newburyport and Worcester, Mass. During this period, 1847 to 1858, he took an active part in the anti-slavery movement, and served as a soldier in the Free State campaign in Kansas. He resigned from the ministry in 1858, and thereafter engaged in literary work. From 1862 to 1864 he was colonel of the first regiment of freed slaves recruited for the Federal army, and served in the Florida and South Carolina campaigns. A few years after the war he made his permanent residence at Cambridge, Mass. Colonel Higginson labored earnestly, both as a lecturer and writer, in behalf of woman suffrage and other reform movements. He was appointed military and naval historian of Massachusetts in the Civil War in 1889. He has published books in many departments of literature, including "Outdoor Papers," 1863; "Malbone, an Oldport Romance," 1869; Army Life in a Black Regiment," 1870; Atlantic Essays," 1871; "The Sympathies of Religions," 1871; Common Sense about Women," 1882; "Life of Margaret Fuller," 1884; "The Monarch of Dreams," 1887;

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The Afternoon Landscape: Poems and Translations," 1888; "Concerning All of Us," 1892; and Cheerful Yesterdays," autobiographical, 1898. As a scholar, critic, and exponent of his own early essay, A Plea for Culture," Col. Higginson in his career has been identified with the progress of American thought and letters during the second half of the nineteenth century.

HILDRETH, Charles Lotin, b. New York, N. Y., 1857; d. 1896. A journalist of New York, who wrote for the "World." 1883, and was afterward a writer for "Belford's Magazine." Author of Judith." a novel, 1876; "The New Symphony, and Other Stories,' 1878; "The Masque of Death, and Other Poems," 1889.

HILL, Penjamin Dionysius (Father Ed

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HILL, George, b. Guilford, Conn., 1796; d. New York, N, Y., 1871. He graduated at Yale, and held several positions under the U. S. government. His "The Ruins of Athens, and Other Poems," 1834, was reissued, with additions, in 1839, as "The Ruins of Athens, Titania's Banquet, and Other Poems."

HILLHOUSE, Augustus Lucas, b. New Haven, Conn., 1792; d. near Paris, France, 1859. Brother of J. A. Hillhouse, and a graduate of Yale. His hymn, "Forgiveness of Sins a Joy Unknown to Angels," written at Paris, was published in the Christian Spectator,"

1822.

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HILLHOUSE, James Abraham, b. New Haven, Conn., 1789; d. New Haven, Conn., 1841. Graduated at Yale. After engaging in mercantile pursuits for a few years, he resigned and spent the rest of his life quietly at his country home near New Haven. Dramas, Discourses, and Other Pieces" appeared in 1839. As he was one of the earliest Americans to write a truly poetic drama, its most effective scene, which in some degree reflects the influence of Byron, is included in the present Anthology.

HIRST, Henry Beck, b. Philadelphia, Penn., 1813; d. there, 1874. A lawyer, who resided in his native city. He published a

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Poetical Dictionary," 18-; "The Coming of the Mammoth, and Other Poems," 1845; Endymion, a Tale of Greece," verse, 1848; "The Penance of Roland, a Romance of the Peine Forte et Dure, and Other Poems," 1849. He was severely criticised by Poe, who nevertheless paid tribute to his poetic qualities. A collective edition of poems has been promised under the editorship of Dr. Matthews Woods, who is of the belief that Poe found suggestions for some of his own effects in verse from the measures of the author of "The Funeral of Time" and kindred lyrics.

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HOFFMAN, Charles Fenno, lawyer and journalist, b. New York, N. Y., 1806; d. Harrisburg, Penn., 1884. Studied at Columbia College, and practised law in New York. Was associate editor of the New York "American; " founded the Knickerbocker Magazine," 1833; editor and owner of the American Monthly; edited the New York "Mirror" and "Literary World." In 1849 his mind became unbalanced, and the rest of his life was spent in retirement. Author of A Winter in the West," 1835; Wild Scenes in Forest and Prairie," 1837; Vanderlyn," 1837; Grayslaer," 1840. His Poems" complete appeared in 1873.

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HOLLAND, Josiah Gilbert, b. Belchertown, Mass., 24 July, 1819; d. New York, N. Y., 12 Oct., 1881. He practised medicine, and was engaged in educational work, until 1849, when he joined the editorial staff of the "Springfield (Mass.) Republican," with which paper he was associated until 1866. During this editorship his popular "Timothy Titcomb's Letters" appeared in the Republican" and were reissued in book-form in 1858. Bitter Sweet," 1858, "Katrina," 1867, and The Mistress of the Manse," 1874, poems of home life, proved equal favorites with the people. His other poetical works were The Marble Prophecy, and Other Poems," 1872; Garnered Sheaves," a collective edition, 1873; and The Puritan's Guest, and Other Poems." Dr. Holland was the projector of 'Scribner's Monthly," afterwards the Century Magazine," which he edited from its establishment, in 1870, until his death. Among his novels, some of which were published serially in the magazine, are: Miss Gilbert's Career," 1860; Arthur Bonnicastle," 1873; and "Nicholas Minturn," 1876.

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HOLMES, Oliver Wendell, b. Cambridge, Mass., 29 Aug., 1809; d. Boston, 7 Oct., 1894. His father, Abiel Holmes, was pastor of the First Church, Cambridge, and author of historical and religious works. The son was educated at Andover and Harvard. His poem "Old Ironsides," in the Boston "Advertiser," saved the frigate Constitution from destruction, and was the first of note that he published; although a few other verses had crept into print. He gave up law for medicine, and in 1834 published a remarkable essay on puerperal fever, doing away with established views on the subject. In 1836, after more than two years of study in America, and three in the hospitals of Edinburgh and Paris, he took his medical degree, and in the same year published his first volume of "Poems." In 1839 he became professor of anatomy and physiology at Dartmouth. In 1840 he married Amelia Lee Jackson, and established a practice in Boston. From 1847 to 1882 he was Parkman professor of anatomy and physiology at Harvard, and then was made professor emeritus. Lowell, as editor of the Atlantic Monthly," was one of the first to recognize his essential genius. In 1857 he began in that magazine, just founded, the series published in book-form in 1859, with the title The Autocrat of the BreakfastTable." "The Professor at the BreakfastTable" followed in 1860; "The Poet at the Breakfast-Table" in 1873. The novels " Elsie Venner" and "The Guardian Angel" appeared in 1861 and 1868. Certain features of the latter were far in advance of the times, and its publication in the Atlantic Monthly" temporarily diminished its circulation. Among his other works in prose are "Lectures on the English Poets of the Nineteenth Century," first delivered in 1852; Soundings from the Atlantic." 1863; Mechanism in Thought and Morals,"

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1871; "John Lothrop Motley," 1878; "Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson," 1884; "A Morta! Antipathy," novel, 1885; The New Portfolio," 1886; "Our Hundred Days in Europe," 1887; "Over the Teacups," 1890. His verse includes Urania," 1846; Astraea," " 1850: "Songs in Many Keys," 1861; "Humorous Poems, " 1865; Songs of Many Seasons," 1874; "The School-Boy," 1878; The Iron Gate, and Other Poems," 1880; "Before the Curfew, and Other Poems," 1888. Dr. Holmes, above all others the poet and wit of Boston, his "hub of the solar system," - held for half a century a unique position. At the Atlantic Monthly Breakfast given to him on his 70th birthday, 1879, his fellow authors of distinction, young and old, gathered to render him their tributes in speech and writing, to which his own response, The Iron Gate," remains a model of that English poetry, half grave, half gay, in which he was without a peer - and was revered as the master by its makers on both sides of the Atlantic. Cp. "Poets of America," chap. viii. [L. C. B.]

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HONEYWOOD, St. John, lawyer, b. Leicester, Mass., 1763; d. Salem, N. Y., 1798. Graduated from Yale, 1782. Studied law at Albany, and practised at Salem until his death. One of the presidential electors when John Adams succeeded Washington. His "Poems" appeared posthumously in 1801.

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HOPKINSON, Joseph, lawyer, b. Philadelphia, Penn., 1770; d. Philadelphia, Penn.. 1842. A distinguished lawyer, statesman, and scholar. His fame rests chiefly on his national song Hail, Columbia," written, to the tune of The President's March," in 1798. Intense feeling was rife in America at that time with respect to the war then raging between France and England. The famous ode, sung first at the benefit performance of a Philadelphia actor, was composed with the object of inspiring in the hostile factions a patriotism which should transcend the bitterness of party feeling.

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HORTON, George, journalist, b. Fairville, N. Y., 1859. Early removed to Michigan, and in 1878 graduated from its University. Has been engaged in journalism for some years, and at present is literary editor of the Chicage Times-Herald." Mr. Horton was American consul-general at Athens during President Cleve land's second term. His principal works are "Songs of the Lowly," 1892; "In Unknown Seas," verse, 1895; Aphroessa," verse, 1897; "A Fair Brigand," 1899.

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HOUGHTON, George Washington Wright, b. Cambridge, Mass., 1850; d. Yonkers, N. Y., 1891. He became a resident of New York, where he was engaged for some years in editing a trade paper. His books of verse include "Songs from over the Sea," 1874; The Legend of St. Olaf's Kirk," 1880; and Niagara and Other Poems," 1882.

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HOVEY, Richard, b. Normal, Ill., 4 May, 1864; d. New York, N. Y., 24 Feb., 1900. Grad

nated at Dartmouth, 1885, and studied at the General Theological Seminary, New York. He was for some time lay assistant at a New York ritualistic church, but abandoned his intention to enter the ministry, and his subsequent career was by turns that of a journalist, actor, dramatist, and English lecturer and professor. His Dartmouth Öde was accepted by his Alma Mater after a prolonged competition. Passing some years abroad, he was impressed by the methods of the latter-day French and Belgian schools, and familiarized himself with their poems and plays. He made the only translation of Maeterlinck published in this country. His original works include "The Laurel: an Ode,' 1889; Launcelot and Guenevere, a Poem in Dramas" (comprising "The Quest of Merlin," The Marriage of Guenevere," and The Birth of Galahad"), 1891-98, a series in which the Arthurian legends are treated in a fresh manner, with daring but imaginative innovations; Seaward, Elegy upon the Death of Thomas William Parsons," 1893, which follows the idyllic Sicilian strain, like the elegies of Shelley, Arnold, and Swinburne, and of Roberts and Woodberry in America. In 1893, also, Songs from Vagabondia," by Hovey and his friend, Bliss Carman, appeared, and were heartily welcomed for their blithe lyrical quality, and their zest of youth and freedom.

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More Songs from Vagabondia" followed in 1896, and in 1898 Hovey's Along the Trail," a collection of his miscellaneous poems. In the same year the last of his dramatic series mentioned heretofore ("The Birth of Galahad ") showed his advance in diction and dramatic power. But his highest and most distinctive effort, in his own mind and that of his friends, was Taliesin: A Masque," which appeared, 1896, in "Poet-Lore," and was ready in bookform at the time of his death, in the spring of 1900. This work, cast in dramatic form, is not of the earth, earthy," and may be thought open to the gloss made by Mary Shelley upon her husband's "Witch of Atlas," as discarding human interest;" but it is sheer poetry or nothing, the proof of an ear and a voice which it seems ill to have lost just at the moment of their completed training. Hovey, in fact, was slow to mature, and when taken off, showed more promise than at any time before. He thought very well of himself, not without reason, and felt that he had enjoyed his wanderjahr to the full, and that the serious work of his life was straight before him. He was ridding himself in a measure of certain affectations that told against him, and at last had a chance, with a University position, to utilize the fruits of a good deal of hard study and refection, while nearing some best field for the exercise of his specific gift. That his aim was high is shown even by his failures; and in his death there is no doubt that America has lost one of her best-equipped lyrical and dramatic writers. This somewhat extended note may well be accorded to the dead singer, who, on the threshold of the new century that beckoned

to him, was bidden to halt and abide with the inheritors of unfulfilled renown." [E. C. S.] HOWARTH, Ellen Clementine (Doran), b. Cooperstown, N. Y., 1827; d. Trenton, N. J., 1899. When a child of seven she worked in a factory. She married Joseph Howarth and lived in Trenton, N. J. Author of "The Wind Harp, and Other Poems," 1864; "Poems," 1867.

HOWE, Julia (Ward), b. New York, N. Y., 27 May, 1819. A daughter of Samuel Ward, a banker of New York, in which city she received her education under private tutors. She was married in 1843 to Dr. S. G. Howe, first superintendent of the Perkins Institute for the Blind, and made her residence in Boston. She edited with him "The Commonwealth,' of that city, an anti-slavery paper, and took part as lecturer and writer in the furtherance of many public movements in behalf of female suffrage, prison reforms, and other causes. "Passion Flowers," 1854, was her first volume of poems, and was succeeded by several tragedies and books of verse. Later Lyrics," 1866; "From Sunset Ridge, Poems New and Old," 1898; and books of travel, social science, and biography are among her writings. Her "Battle Hymn of the Republic" will last as long as the Civil War is remembered in history. It was written in 1861, after the author's observing, in the camps near Washington, the marching of the enthusiastic young soldiers to the song "John Brown's Body." Mrs. Howe's words were at once adopted and sung throughout the North.

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HOWELL, Elizabeth (Lloyd), b. Philadelphia, Penn., 1811; d. Wernersville, Penn., 1896. Her family were Quakers, but she became an Episcopalian on her marriage, in 1853, to Robert Howell, of Philadelphia. Her poems, some of which appeared in "The Wheatsheaf, 1852, are not numerous. The one given in this Anthology is the best known.

HOWELLS, Mildred, b. Cambridge, Mass., 187-. The younger daughter of William Dean Howells. Miss Howells as a child was introduced to the public through "A Little Girl among the Old Masters," unique drawings of her youthful impressions of early Italian art, with preface and comment by her father. She has since relied upon her own pen, as well as her pencil, for her artistic position.

HOWELLS, William Dean, novelist and poet, b. Martin's Ferry, Belmont Co., O., 1 Mar., 1837. He learned to set type at Hamilton, O., in the office of the paper his father edited. In 1858 he became one of the editors of the Columbus Ohio State Journal." In 1860 he pub

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