Editor's Table. LIFE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. immediate contact with its objects; and on us, as means of discipline, direction, and exaltation, their agency is to be exerted, or utterly fail of their main end. Nothing, then, in the past can be on the same level in interest and momentousness with the present; nothing can have a tithe of the same value; for nothing that the world has hitherto seen can come recommended to our acceptance with such tokens of the Almighty's direct presence. Life never had the fullness of meaning that it has now. The present century, and especially its last twenty years, have given to life an enlargement, a scope, an intenseness that have imparted a new and deeper significance to manhood. Talk as we may of the past, it was never so great a thing to be a man as it is in this age. Over the centuries gone there is cast a soft, mystical vail that pleases the fancy while it obscures the reason, But apart from this general aspect of the presand therefore it is easy for our romantic sentiments ent, as connected with the principles and pursuits to find in them the high-seasoned food on which of life, there is the additional motive, already intheir spice-loving nature delights to feed. The timated, of the high and intrinsic worth of this best features, too, of the past are only preserved; age, taken in relation to the developments of intelfor poets and historians are not much inclined to lectual, moral, social manhood. Allow a liberal take the materials of their arts from the revolting drawback on the age for its folly, extravagance, aspects of humanity. The past is like our own and irrational, often impious, thinking, and still it childhood; we see it in ideal splendors. Time is is true-forcibly true-that manhood never stood a merciful friend, and is very considerate of our at the altitude it now stands; never had such an stern, common-sense faculties. It graciously hides investiture of rights, privileges, and possibilities; much from our eyes, leaving, for the most part, never had such openings into the wealth of the unionly such objects as tend to awaken the glow of verse. Nor is this sudden enhancement of human imagination and inspire the fervors of generous en-power to be attributed to a happy coincidence of thusiasm. Despite of all this veneration for the favorable circumstances; and, moreover, it is but past, it is very clear to any thinking mind that in an inconsiderable degree the fruit of the past. the present century has been a most munificent Admit, as we gladly may, our obligations to other benefactor to the human family, surpassing far all generations, it is nevertheless a fact that this age its predecessors in width and depth of influence, occupies its own independent ground, and enjoys stirring the hearts of men with a new and perplex-its own distinctive honors. Not only has it greating consciousness of an amazing destiny, and im-ly extended the preoccupied realms of thought, but pelling them forward on a pathway where every it has entered on territories, vast and wonderful, step is an ascension toward a more commanding height of greatness. of its own, and annexed them as sure possessions of princely value to the terra cognita of an older date. It has established, and well-nigh perfected, some of the elder sciences; while it has been equal. There is a childish cant abroad-and sanctioned, too, by some respectable names-that pretends to find fault with any thing like warmth and earnestly successful in laying the foundations and raising ness in the appreciation of the wonders of the day. the massive superstructure of sciences for which We call it childish, and childish it certainly is, for the vocabulary of our ancestors had not even there is nothing man-like in that stolid insensibil-names. In the inventions that multiply and facility to the present, and that overweening partiality itate labor; in those applications of skill and ingefor the past, which reverse outright every just nuity that tend to give us mastery over the physstandard of judgment, and deprive us, with an ill-ical forces of nature; in better modes of interconcealed vindictiveness, of our foothold among course; in the practical unfolding, through comthe stable facts of the age. No wise man reflects merce and international law, of the ennobling idea the least credit on himself, or honors the scheme of human brotherhood; and above all, because hoof providential progress as it evolves its mysterylier than all, in those selecter forms of thought that and magnificence from generation to generation, lift man above himself, and introduce him to the by undervaluing to-day and reserving his hearti- fellowship of the Infinite, the present century is est plaudits for yesterday. So far from this being without a rival. Whether we look, therefore, at the genuine outworking of nature, it is a false and the actual discoveries of the age, or at the great corroding morbidness that betrays its birth in a leading sentiments that pervade all active and farcynical contempt for what is truly grand and no-reaching minds, or at the fresh, buoyant, humanble. Such a spirit does violence to all our better izing spirit all abroad in the hearts of men, the day instincts. To-day is God's dispensation to our in which we live is full of most striking signifineeds. It is His embodiment to us of divine pur- cance. It is a day to be thankful for a day to poses and aims-His offering to our hopes-His in-bless with such thanksgivings as only rise from our vocation to our activity and ambition-His great nature when it is conscious of a birth into a larger ensign, hung out from the overlooking heavens for freedom of thought and action-a day that brings us to watch and follow. The past was His appeal the resources of humanity within its grasp, and atto other minds and other hearts; and although it tests, even to the senses, a glory within reach of were a grave error to suppose that we are to turn realization. our eyes away from His former manifestations, yet it is the plainest dietate both of philosophy and faith to believe that the present is a divine gift to us in a much more impressive sense than the past. For the present is a specific providential adaptation to us. It is the correlative of our tastes, sentiments, and capacity-the prophecy of the Infinite to us, and, primarily, to us alone. We are in close, One of the distinctive features of life in the nineteenth century is found in the fact that the domain of action and enjoyment has been greatly widened. Without supposing that any faculties of activity and happiness have been created, we may assert that the multiplication of objects to call forth the energies of our nature has intensified the mind in a remarkable degree. Indeed, it is practically the conferment of a new power. Shut up the human | century. Who would have thought, a few years intellect, with its supplementary forces of motive, sensibility, and passion-confine it within a narrow range, and its faculties are feeble and inoperative. Its mighty instincts lie dormant. A stranger to itself, it is a stranger also to the world without; for if it know not its own being, how can it have the key to those hieroglyphics that are recorded over the face of creation? But give it freedom and strength follows. It springs into life, and finds life in every thing. Outward objects crowd into its inner chambers and fill them with the presence of fellowship and joy. A new feeling of oneness with the universe pervades the spirit; and thought, no longer restrained within its prison, experiences a bliss like friendship in the communion of the open world. Now it can not be doubted that the present century has placed man on far better terms with visible nature than he has ever been before. If he has not a profound insight into the great system with which he is so intimately identified, he is steadily moving in that direction. The steps already taken have been neither few nor inconsiderable, and the ground made good by the certainties of science is vantage-ground for farther and more rapid progress. Man's sphere of activity has been much enlarged. Franklin walks out into the fields, and, by means of a boy's kite, establishes the identity of lightning and electricity. Here is a valuable truth for science, but not for science only. It is a new truth for men's homes and business. If not at once, yet subsequently, his discovery becomes a large and lucrative branch of trade; capital and labor are associated with it; and in our day the itinerating "lightning-rod wagon" is as common a sight as the peddler's pack was to our forefathers. Davy takes the galvanic-battery and commences a new era in practical chemistry; but the wonder is scarcely heralded in the gratulations of scientific men before chemistry introduces a new department in manufactures, and hundreds earn their daily bread through the thought of one sagacious mind. Daguerre throws the sun's light on a silvered plate, and henceforth the million have a cheap artist, a world-wide branch of industry and taste is created, and thousands draw their sustenance from it. Baron Liebig elaborates a few ideas on agricultural chemistry, and the trade in guano diverts wealth, shipping, merchants into its service. Science has proved one of the main sources of modern industry, and perhaps no feature of the times is more striking than this constant and stimulating action of the scientific intellect on almost every department of mechanics and manufactures. We may say, indeed, that cultivated mind underlies the whole system of trade and commerce. The earnest student of nature, pursuing some solitary path of investigation, is subserving the interests of the humblest artisan. The greatest are the helpers of the lowliest. A profound mind, charmed with a magnificent conception, follows its development until it has led into remote regions of thought; but on returning to the practical world it finds itself at the side of the day-laborer, with a fresh incitement for the weary muscle of toil. Men of this day have measurably lost their sensibility to surprise. Novelty is a commonplace affair. But if one were to draw out a catalogue of those staple articles that have been recently added to the materials of domestic and foreign commerce, it would astonish him to see how largely industry has been a gainer by the progress of this since, that immense rafts of lumber would be seen floating down our northern rivers to supply wood for the insignificant match? What credulity would have believed that the waste of our houses, the refuse of hotels, the offal of the streets, would have been economized into the service of the chemist and agriculturist? Who would have dreamed that ice, India rubber, gutta percha, would have contributed so much to our activity and wealth? Who would have conjectured that steam-engines would give us cheap newspapers and books, or that electricity would employ a class of men in transmitting hourly intelligence? Nor should we omit to notice the new uses to which substances long known have been put. Animal bones, instead of being left to bleach in the open air, are converted into manure for the soil. Wood, stone, iron, are wrought into a multitude of shapes to gratify the convenience and luxury of man. Within a few years salt has been applied to new purposes in art, while chlorine, iodine, and various other chemical agents, have greatly extended the domain of practical science. Sulphuric acid serves the husbandman, and copper gives permanence to the types of the printer. Not long since steam seemed to be the boundary of human power, and the steam-engine was the symbol of this progressive age. Who can forget the eloquent things that were uttered about it when such men as Lardner, Everett, and Webster described the wonders of its service? It really appeared that it would half monopolize the labor of the world. Men viewed it as the final embodiment of mechanical genius-the Samson of civilization— that would perfect the authority of mind over matter, and restore to humanity the universal sovereignty of the earth. Nor was the language, at that day, extravagant. But one form of power soon educates us into a necessity for another and higher form. The age of steam prepared the way for the age of telegraphs; and now men justly speak of the Atlantic Telegraph as the greatest event in the history of the world since Columbus discovered the Western Continent. If the introduction of steam has vastly enhanced the mining, mechanical, and manufacturing power of men, no limits can be set to the utility of the telegraph as an ally of mind, as an instrument of intellectual and social action, as a bond of peaceful and assimilating brotherhood. The hearts of two mighty nations have throbbed aloud over the consummation of this magnificent work. None but a soulless cynic could regard the exultation as a jubilee of Mammon. Nor is the popular feeling a mere tribute to the wisdom and skill of science. No, it is a far deeper and nobler sentiment. A true instinct has been appealed to, a profound and generous impulse has been lodged in the bosoms of Anglo-Saxon brethren, and men have felt that a prophecy has gone over the waters, speaking of better days and encouraging loftier hopes. The great achievement takes its place as the last and grandest link in that chain of wonders which connects man, not with fortunate accidents and lucky circumstances, but with a system of progress. It is another revelation of Providence. It is a fresh summons to the soul of the nineteenth century to put forth its renewed energies to believe anew in its capacity, under God, to subdue the earth, and make it a habitation of blessedness. Looking, then, at the development of recent industry, it is not too much to say that within a few in kingly style. But this is just what Scott and Dickens have admitted in writing great fictions for the public; while Wordsworth, in poetry, and Macaulay, in history, have exemplified the same truth. In brief, the public is the monopolist of regard, genius, and praetical art, vying in efforts to do it honor. For this reason, we repeat, look at the modern American hotel. Under all that extravagance, and, as you call it, folly, there is a significant fact, full of meaning to one who interprets it. You see modern industry here in a gal This truth, although often exaggerated, is nevertheless a recognition of a grand fact. It has made modern activity creative, given it expansiveness, stimulated its utmost strength, and stamped it as the miracle of the century. years past there have been opened new sources of wealth sufficient, of themselves, to give the means of subsistence, and even of luxury, to a great nation. On this subject we can not have satisfactory statistics; but judging from the lucrativeness of certain branches of trade that have just sprung into existence, we can be at no loss to conjecture the general result. One who takes this thought with him, and walks through the streets of a great city, will have ample illustrations of the fact above stated. Take Broadway in New York. One can not pass along a block of stores without being re-axy of glory. Of the past it preserves scarcely a minded of the immense expansion of business in relic; but as the exponent of the present, it stands consequence of the introduction of new elements proudly, rather too proudly, forth and challenges into trade. Here is a huge clock establishment admiration. It is an illustration of the point we that advertises business on a grand scale, manu- have been considering, viz., the Originality of Modfactures clocks for the humblest families of the ern Industry. And perhaps no better type of it land, and has its traveling agents in Europe. Not could be selected. Modern activity is based on long ago a clock was the next thing to a luxury; an acute perception of the wants, tastes, habits, poor people had to depend on the City Hall steeple, and growing power of the public. With it, caste or tell the time by the state of their stomachs. But and class are secondary considerations. It seeks now this useful instrument is within the reach of custom and patronage at the hands of the masses. the most limited means, and the cook considers it Its first and last care is to please them-ranging a part of kitchen furniture. Next door, sewing through their variety, holding fast to their unity, machines are clicking at their work, and pressing and striving to suit their many-sidedness by every their merits on your attention. A step beyond, it form of ingenious adaptation and studied skillfulyou have gray hair, there is a big window full of ness. Viewed in this sense, the modern hotel is consolation for your sensitiveness. Farther on, a an exponent of the times. It is a palace for the great building reminds you that you are in bad public; and on that idea-the inherent superiority health, and that this is the armory where the weap-of the public-all our system of industry proceeds. ons are to be had that fight disease. You can hardly believe it, but the thought is forced on you that patent medicines rival wheat and cotton in the markets of the world. Not far off, you have a novelty in the way of a burning fluid safer than camphene and as brilliant as gas; and close by, A panoramic view of modern activity, if adeanother comforter of the night, in the shape of a quately conceived and represented, would exhibit spring bedstead that gives you a most pleasant an impressive picture. What distant extremes, sense of friendship for your thinly-covered bones, and yet how near together! What vast dissimiand restores you to the day, a rejuvenated man in larity, but what suggestive unity! How various your joints and muscles. Walk on, and cheap am- the means all tending to a common end! How brotypes tempt your vanity. Then comes a palace numerous the circles, some greater, others smaller, of art, and imperial photographs charm your ele- but all surrounded by the same horizon! Here is gant tastes. But the practical soon salutes you a man who bends over the spade or follows the with a return call to everyday life. A large show- plow, and on yonder hill is an observatory, where, window offers you a bed-bug exterminator, and as-night after night, an astronomer is fixing his searchsures you of "death to rats." Breathe a moment and examine the iron furniture, the marbleized iron, the wire-work patterns for verandas and summer-houses; and then, a few paces on, call and see the process of silver-plating by galvanism; and yet, again, the agricultural warehouse, with its new implements of husbandry, that have gladdened the farmers of both hemispheres. What a medley follows! A fly-catcher, self-sealing cans, newly-patented stoves, ranges, boilers; steam-heating apparatus; India rubber goods; rare articles from China and Japan; and countless other novelties that are candidates for the favor of your purse. But all this would be a very incomplete view of the new era of inventive industry. Go, then, into a first-class Broadway hotel, and that will epitomize the new arts of life for you. Architecture is an ancient art, called, in one form, by Coleridge, "a petrified religion,” and designated by Goethe and De Staël as "frozen music." Neither of the finely-tuned phrases applies to hotel architecture, for it is the ideality of the street in aristocratic stone-the grandeur of everyday business, in its most showy costume. It is an eloquent acknowledgment of the democratic fact that the public is a royal personage, and is entitled to entertainment ing eye on the remote heavens. Here is a blacksmith at the anvil, and there is one who sits beside a microscope and finds the Infinite in a minute atom. Here is one engaged in teaching a child its alphabet, and close at hand, among those great hills, is a geologist tracing the elder records of the globe in the strata beneath him. We see these inequalities every where. One makes a bare subsistence, another acquires millions. One is too poor to own the water he drinks, while another has the revenue of an empire. The same inequality runs through all the aspects of our intellectual and social condition; so that while, in some, mind appears to be little else than the creature of the senses, in others, it reveals godlike attributes. It would seem, at first sight, that the extremes of society, if taken in all their connections, are wider apart than ever be fore. Select any of the best specimens of the civilized races of this century, men of the highest position in all respects, and place in contrast the most abject and illiterate of the same races, and it would appear that the effect of modern civilization had been to throw the extremes of society farther from each other than at any former period. With proper qualification, this is true. But how has it been brought about? All classes of society have ciety being simple, the fields of enterprise open, every man both his own fortune-teller and fortune-maker, nothing external was a barrier in the way of prosperity. Whether our political institutions will be imitated in other sections of the world may admit of great doubt. But the spirit of in earnest strength, and heroic boldness-must penetrate the heart of the world; and if we were asked to point out the noblest service that our country has rendered to humanity, we should select the spectacle of its rejoicing and triumphant activity. The moral of American liberty is in our fields, in our workshops, and along our crowded thoroughfares. Newfoundland Fishing Banks, Peruvian Islands, Northwestern wilds, Texan prairies, and Pacific slopes have exemplified the meaning of our moved forward, but not at the same rate of progress. The peasantry of Europe are far superior to the "villiens" of the Feudal ages, and, even within a hundred years, the laboring population of Great Britain have greatly advanced. Oaten bread has been superseded by corn and wheat, and, since 1820, the consumption of tea and coffee has much in-dustry as developed here-its intelligent freedom, creased. The poorer classes are far more healthy, the average continuance of life is longer, the proportion of marriages is larger, licentiousness has diminished, and the number of births has been augmented. At the same time it must be admitted that the intellectual, refined, wealthier portions of society have made a more striking advancement. The benefits of modern civilization have inured more to them than to the poorer classes, but this can not be considered as a law of the social state, nor is it any thing else than a temporary and in-independence. There is a great soul in American cidental result. Inequalities must continue. Men industry, and it is doing a vast work, not only for are differently constituted; temperaments, capac-us but for the world. ity, and habits are dissimilar; like opportunities instantly become unlike when they pass into their and discoveries in their bearing on human activhands; and hence, uniformity of condition and progress is impossible. Nevertheless, men gravitate toward the same centre, and although disturbing causes in the moral, as in the physical world, may modify the action of gravity, yet the tendency is alike in kind, if not in degree, in all instances. Allusion has already been made to inventions ity. Inventions, especially such as have signal- We have remarked that the benefits of modern progress have not been distributed with absolute equality; and furthermore, that we can not expect uniformity in social circumstances. A Christian civilization does not require all to occupy the same level. But it does require that every man shall have the use of his faculties and means to the utmost possible extent, and that all classes shall have freedom of opportunity to make the best of their position. Manhood is God's creature in God's world. It is here to be cultivated, not to be stunted in growth. It is here to be developed to the full measure of earthly excellence, not to be cramped and restrained. Modern activity is contributing to this end. One of the agencies of Providence to quicken and invigorate mind, to arouse consciousness and enlarge the sphere of life, it is slowly effecting a vast change in the character and prospects of the laboring classes. Its two main characteristics-first, the impulse communicated to intellect, and, secondly, the broad surface over which it is extending, must diffuse its influence, and carry all parts of society forward to gether. Industry has too generally been synony-estimate of life intellectual and spiritual interests mous with beast-like drudgery. But this degra- must always take precedence, but it were folly to dation can not continue. Labor has not been as deny that a great thought embodied in an invenpromptly affected by the spirit of the age as other tion should not be appreciated as an invaluable social interests. Nor is this surprising. It was contribution to the treasures of mankind. Invenisolated from the great controlling forces of the tive genius operates through matter-stern and world. It stood apart by itself, and participated stubborn matter-that will not change its nature, no more than machinery in the ongoings of soci- nor abate its forces, nor alter its laws. If that genety. It was not a living part of the determinative ius investigates its properties, seizes its strength, will of the public mind. Prejudices scowled on it. and brings its very magnificence into the service of Selfishness abused it, and rejoiced in the abuse. It its race, it performs a majestic office, and enrolls itwas under a double curse-the curse of the Adamic self among the dignitaries of mind. Men look on the transgression, and the worse curse of human heart-earth as a mere dwelling-place, a transient home, lessness. Owing to these causes labor was not as quickly reached by the redeeming spirit of the century as, under more auspicious circumstances, it would have been; but, notwithstanding the delay, certain it is that a liberating power has begun to act on its interests. In our own country industry has been the first to feel the awakening genius of the age. The structure of American so a cradle, and a grave. These are unworthy ideas unworthy because of their limitation. They are not the Divine ideas of the material universe. Open the Bible and read of the earth, "It is his footstool;" and then consider that man is the appointed and endowed agent to adorn and beautify this footstool. Sent into the world to do this work as well as to prepare for a future being, man finds matter a discipline, a test of his intelligence and skill, a theatre for expansive and extensive effort. Inventive genius is the highest expression of his complete sympathy with nature. It is a sacramental fellowship with her grandeur, a token of the restoration of that beautiful intercourse which sin interrupted. Is there, then, no moral power in a great invention? Is the inventive spirit of the age bringing nothing to humanity but piston-rods, cranks, and complicated wheels? The first thing that God did in the history of the world was to prepare a perfect home for a perfect humanity; and now, for redeemed man, the work of refitting the earth to be a suitable habitation is in progress. This thought gives significance to inventive genius in its relations to modern activity. Certain it is that an improving race needs an improving world; sure are we that they act and interact on each other; and hence the tremendous impulse that has been communicated to mechanical genius and active industry is a token of a holier morality, a more gentle and tender brotherhood, a purer spirituality in the ages awaiting humanity. only a glance, is all that it can bestow ordinarily on the face of nature; and even in those more protracted communings, in which it seeks its poems in the material world rather than create them out of its own emotional thoughts, poetry merely contemplates natural phenomena as they address the imagination. Nature mainly exists to the poet for the sake of illustration. She is not primarily his teacher; but when he repairs to her presence, never unwelcome, never unrefreshing, it is that he may enter on her pictorial galleries crowded with images in unison with his sentiments and feelings. Bacon went to Nature for other ends. The practical, the useful, the philanthropic, the progressive, these were the principles he sought for in her works. Instead of thinking with Seneca that philosophy has nothing to do with utilitarian objects, he conceived that it was wisely employed if engaged in promoting the present good of human kind. The acute insight of Bacon saw that nature was a vast storehouse of resources, an immense arsenal whence men might draw the weapons needed in the warfare with ignorance, poverty, and fecbleness. Bacon taught the seventeenth century the science of thought; Newton listened to the authori tative critic and imbibed his spirit. Bacon showed where men had erred; Newton kept his eye on the beacon-light, and never lost for an instant its warning radiance. Bacon declared how Nature ought to be approached-the childlike temper, the rever humility, the persevering energy, the invincible hopefulness were the attributes that he commended in one who should inquire in Nature's temple; Newton answered to the splendid ideal. His philosophy was religion in everyday apparel. If, in seasons of enrapturing revelations, it put on its worshiping robes and lifted high its psalm-like praise, it quickly returned to the attitude of a disciple seated at Nature's feet, and breathlessly holding, as one awe-struck, the sublime thoughts that the wonders of creation awakened within him. Bacon stated the language in which the oracles of Nature were to be questioned; Newton adopted it, and was answered. Bacon enunciated the cardinal maxims of modern science; Newton took the axioms and based on them his demonstrations. What a glorious fellowship! How mighty the summons, how majestic the response! Both were giants of thought; how like, and yet how unlike! The one was the most magnificent of theorists; the other was the gigantic genius of reality. If the former laid the sure foundations and erected the massive superstructure of the temple of modern science, the latter opened its portals that the glory of the universe might enter and abide, for all time, above its dedicated shrine. Nor must we omit to notice the educative power of inventions and discoveries. If these are the products of quickened thought, in turn they impart new life to mind. Men who can not appreciate Plato and Milton can comprehend a steam-engine, a galvanic battery, a telegraph, and, whether critics smile or scoff, they can feel the presence of the human soul in them. Then, too, as it respects the magnificent discoveries in science that have recent-ent docility, the simple trustingness, the waiting ly been made, what an impetus have they given to the intellect of the day! Inductive science is the great strength of this age, and to what do we owe its efficiency as a means of culture but to those vast discoveries of modern times that have opened the secrets of the universe to our inspection, and imparted a meaning to our admiration of its wonders that was never felt before? It has been about two centuries and a half since the philosopher of St. Albans saw that men were unconscious of the inheritance of knowledge provided by the bounty of Nature for them. The title-deed to this more than imperial wealth had been lost, and none knew save he where it was to be found. False to man, he was true to nature. The impulses that moved Bacon to study the principles of a rational system of philosophy were as pure and fresh as the beatings of childhood's heart. Nature was not to him a dumb and senseless thing, but full of life, instinct with inspiration, and offering a glad companionship to those who sought, in a right spirit, her ancient and abiding wisdom. Poets have taught men to look on her for beauty, and to draw a solace for troubled hours from her calm landscapes and silent skies. In her works, rising from the minute to the magnificent, and presenting every form, hue, and aspect that infinite variety could make palpable to the eye, they have found symbols for truths else unexpressed. The mysteries of the soul have gone to her for sympathy and support, and not gone in vain. Sublimity and grandeur, dwelling in men's minds but enfeebled in utterance, have learned her majestic language and represented their selectest thoughts. But no poet ever brought man so near to nature as Lord Bacon. Shakspeare, Milton, Wordsworth caught only her outward expression and employed it to embellish their own sentiments. Nor can it be otherwise with poetry in its relations to the visible universe. A glance, intense and rapturous it may be, but Both these illustrious men were discoverers. Bacon was a discoverer of thoughts, and Newton of facts. Bacon worked within; Newton without. More perfect parallelisms never existed. Acting in completest harmony, they have prospectively secured the material universe to the human mind. They were the founders of the enpire of man over nature. Since their day the history of intellect has been a history of progressive growth, of fertile activity, of broad enlargement. This is not surprising. Periods of great discov eries have always been followed by intense and wide-spread intellectual excitement. Men start into new life. They have another consciousness |