ABERNETHY, on Hunter's theory of life, 499; his partial view of gastric diseases, 954.
ADONAI, a Hebrew title of the Deity, and a Phoenician name of the sun, 739.
ADONIS, statue of, represents the average stature of man in ancient Greece, 722.
ETHER, speculations of Sir I. Newton concerning, 4, 38; an ancient oriental word, signifying solar fire, 5, note; views of Mr. Whewell, 37, note; circulation of throughout the solar system, 41; centripetal force of, 41; regarded by the ancients as the actuating principle in nature, 740; represented as the spirit of life by a priest of Memphis, 741; said to be Jove or Jupiter by Servius, Euripides, and Ennius, 741; called Pater Omnipotens by Virgil, 741; views of Macrobius, 742; regarded by Hippocrates as spirit, and identical with heat, 854. ADRIAN, on the nature of the soul, 853, note.
ESCULAPIUS, vide ESCULAPIUS. AFFINITY, chemical, primary origin of, 17, 110; rationale of, 200. AFRICA, its mountains and elevated table lands, 24; population of, 700; its burning climate, 701; character of its tropical inha- bitants, 703; how it modifies the climate of Europe, 706. AGASSIZ, M. Louis, on the glacial period, 416.
AGE, how it modifies the vital functions, 682; divisions of by Hippocrates, 682, note; general character of its diseases, 805, 806.
AGUE, a general but mitigated form of apoplexy and paralysis, 1060, 1061, note; the primordial type of all diseases, 1062,
AIR, atmospheric, its elastic force, 111; its composition, 116; etymology of the word, 853, 856.
ALCOHOL, solidified by Bussy, 143; result of its combustion, 85; proportions of in spirits, wine, and malt liquors, 932; its effects on the animal economy, 932, 972.
ALISON, Dr. regards sensation and thought as independent of vitality, 601, note; on the prevalence of scrophulous maladies in Edinburgh, 798; on the difficulty of explaining the phe- nomena of fever, 1034, note.
Aм, a Hebrew and Egyptian word signifying heat and exist- ence, 2.
AMERICA, heights of its mountains, 22; coldness of its polar regions, 695, note; its population and future prospects, 698;
its extremes of temperature in winter and summer, 706; peo- pled from the Asiatic continent, 744; comparatively recent origin of, 744.
AMPERE, on electrical polarity, 166.
ANAXAGORAS, on the source of lightning, 306, note; on the source
of animal heat, 854, note; regarded God as the universal cause of organization, 859, note.
ANCELL, Mr. on the source of animal heat, 644; on the coagula- tion of blood, 658.
ANDES, their elevation, 23.
ANDRAL, on the fatal effects of tartar emetic, 975.
ANIMA, etymology of the word, 854.
ANIMALS, the complexity of their organization, 523; difference between warm and cold blooded, 562; imperfect development of the lower orders of, 579; all of them formed after one and the same model, 758, 759; quantities of food required by carnivor- ous, 918; rapid growth and great vital energy of herbivorous, 922, 923; domestic, the number of in Great Britain, 928, 929. ANIMATING principle, the most important of all problems, 455; must be obtained from the air we breathe, or the food we eat, 458; opinion of Aristotle concerning, 541.
ANIMATION, Suspended, theory of, 828, 840; methods of restoring pursued by nature, 836; and adopted by the Royal Humane Society, 837, 840; probable limits of our art in this respect, 838; experiments on by Spallanzani, 840.
ANTIMONY, tartarized, theory of its action, 975; causes a tem- porary fever, 976.
ANTIQUITIES, Jewish, by Josephus, 33; Indian, by the Rev. Mr. Maurice, 857, note.
APOPLEXY, exciting causes of, 1060, note; brought on by ex- tremes of temperature, 1060; greater mortality from in winter than summer in England, 1061; state of the blood in, as observed by J. Hunter, 1061, note; proximate cause of, 1064; danger of excessive bleeding in, 1065.
APOLLO, a mythological personation of the sun or solar fire, 2. ARAGO, M. on the refractive power of mercury, 92, note; on the mean temperature of the earth, 409.
ARCHEUS, the vital principle of Paracelsus and Van Helmont, 489, 625.
ARCHELAUS, on motion and rest, 469.
ARISTOTLE, on the Pythagorean solar system, 33; maintained that a vacuum would destroy all motion, 36; on the nature of the soul, 478; on the First Mover, 479; regarded the earth as the centre of the planetary system, 479; corrupted phi- losophy by over refinements, 480; on the mutual convertibility of the elements into each other, 485; on the vast importance
of the animating principle, 541; on the cause of the blood's coagulation, 646; on the unity of all animals, 757; his logical demonstration of a Trinity, 857, note.
ARNOTT, Dr. on attraction and repulsion as ultimate phenomena, 16; his definition of a menstruum, 235; his four elementary truths, 277.
ASCLEPIADES, his excellent medical axiom, 982.
ASHMUN, on the difficulty of healing wounds in central Africa, 810, note.
ASIA, mountains of, 24, 696, note; its extent and population, 695, 697; why warmer than America in the same latitudes, 701, note.
ASTHMA, mortality from in England and Wales, 785, table; its prevalence during winter, 786; reduction of temperature in, 797.
ASTRONOMERS, on variations in the planetary inclinations, 28; great discoveries of, 33.
ATMOSPHERE, Owes its volume and elastic force to caloric, ATOMS, theory of, 46; electrical polarity of, 166; Kant's theory of, 172.
ATTRACTION, of caloric for ponderable matter the cause of all other attractions, 13, 17; regarded as an ultimate principle of action, 16; of cohesion, 17; capillary, theory of, 253; foundation of, 17, 200; aggregate force of maintains the earth in the glo- bular form, 18; primary physical cause and rationale of, 110; chemical, views of by Oerstedt, Prout, and Whewell, 199; promoted by heat and arrested by cold, 211, 220; views of Dr. Black, 212; of Sir H. Davy and Berzelius, 221. AURORA Borealis, theory of, 361.
Axis, inclination of the earth's, 27, 28; Laplace on, 27; Milton on, 28, note; motion of the sun on his, 41; of the planets on their axes, 43.
BAAL, an ancient Chaldean and Phoenician name of the sun, 741. Back, Captain, on the temperature of North America on the Great Slave Lake, 350.
BACON, Lord, his definition of heat, 3; contradictory opinions of, 3; on the defects of physical science, 156; on the neglect of ancient wisdom, 160; his classification of matter, 160; on the elder Cupid, or attraction of the atom, 162; on the contraction and expansion of matter, 162; on living astronomy, 162; regards heat and cold as nature's two hands, 176; on the innate heat of different bodies, 190; on the generation and transformation of bodies, 197; on the ancient Pan, 273; on the heat of lightning, 318; on tornados, 338, 343; on the
supposed secrets of God, 455; on the opinions of the ancients, 459, 480; on the power of knowledge, 488; on the ignorance of physicians, 496; on medicine, 506; on the radical errors of science, 560; on the effect of heat upon the heart of a dead man, 615; on the knowledge of things through their causes, 689; on temperaments, 990; on the powers of nature, 1065. BAGLIVI, on the nervous fluid, 584.
BALBI, on the population of central Asia, 697; on the revenues of different nations, 699.
BARCLAY, Captain, his great pedestrian feat, 881.
BAROMETER, its height in different latitudes, 19; successfully investigated by Dalton, 348; cause of its variations, 349; fluctuations of augment from the equator to the poles, 349; observations on by Dalton, 352; theory of its depressions by Mr. Daniell, 352; greatest during winter, 353; diurnal varia- tions of, 354.
BARRINGTON, Danes, on the freshness of sea water when frozen, 232.
BATHING, warm and cold, experiments on, 846, 847; great im- portance of, 848; why the cold bath is invigorating, and the reverse, 850, 852.
BAXTER, Dr. on the cause of cohesion and planetary motion, 166, 505; on the First Cause, 859, note.
BEALE, Mr. on the sperm whale, 597.
BEAUMONT, Dr. his experiments on digestion, 511, 628.
BECCARIA, on the cause of evaporation, 305.
BECK, Dr. Lewis, his account of a tornado, 344.
BECQUEREL, M. on the temperature of plants, 872; on the caloric evolved during muscular contraction, 879,
BEDDOES, Dr. his experiments on the respirable properties of oxygen, 863.
BELL, Sir Charles, refers all vital power to nervous influence, 594; on sensitive and motory nerves, 609.
BERGMAN, on combining proportions, 46; on the aurora borealis, 366.
BERKLEY, Bishop, his celebrated theory refuted by a happy jeu d'esprit, 8, note; resolves every thing into spirit, 172; vindi- cates the ancients from the charge of atheism, 483. BERTHOLLET, his experiments on heat, 11. BERZELIUS, his atomic symbols, 49; his mode of ascertaining atomic equivalents, 58; his theory of volumes and atomic weights, 69; on the atomic weights of hydrogen and nitrogen, 70; on the electrical polarity of atoms, 166; on chemical affinity, 221; on the vital principle, 624.
BICHAT, Xavier, his definition of life, and limited views, 503, 507; injects oxygen into the jugular veins of the dog, 550;
on the origin of muscular contractility, 589; on the action of the heart, 615; on animal heat, 644.
BILE, regarded as the proximate cause of fever, 981; yellow and black of Hippocrates, 987; what they were, 988; why appa- rently more abundant during fever than in health, 1043. BILLING, Dr. his principles of medicine, 500; his views of cholera, 815; attributes sleep to a plethoric state of the brain, 949; on the modus operandi of mercury and iodine, 978.
BIOT, M. on the evolution of caloric by percussion, 10; his ex- periments on the transmission of sound, 18.
BIRDS, quantities of oxygen they consume, 563, 570, 578; tem- perature of, 564; peculiar organization of, 569; their great powers of locomotion, digestion, and reproduction, 570, 572; rapidity with which their composition is renewed, 571, 577. BLACK, Dr. his experiments and discovery of latent heat, 6; his important omissions, 164; confounds phlogiston with carbon, 214; his theory of respiration, 497.
BLAGDEN, Dr. experiments on himself in heated air, 844. BLAKE, Mr. on the rapid diffusion of poisons, 970, 971. BLANE, Sir Gilbert, on the vital principle, 498, note. BLISTERS, their modus operandi, 984, 985.
BLOOD, the vitality of taught by Moses, 484, 541; what it receives and what it loses, 538, 541; chemical composition of arterial and venous, 544; temperature of arterial higher than that of venous, 548; substances which change venous to a scarlet hue, 552; experiments on by Hunter and Hassenfratz, 552; changes it undergoes while passing through the lungs, 555; analyses of, 631; specific gravity of, 632; composition of, 634; charac- ter of in different animals, 637; transfusion of, 637; arterial contains a larger proportion of solid particles than venous, 642; the vitality of taught by Harvey, Willis, Hunter, Bordeu, and others, 645; theory of its coagulation, 646; views of Hippo- crates, Aristotle, Harvey, and Sydenham, 646; prevented from coagulating in the living body by the perpetual motion and changes it undergoes in passing through the lungs and general system, 647, 680; its coagulation hastened by heat, and re- tarded by cold, 648, 651, 654, 658; retarded by the influence of fear and other depressing emotions, 655, note; cause of its speedy coagulation after violent exertion, and excessive hemorr- hage, 658, 660; how arterial is changed into venous blood, 665, 666; why venous will not support life, 665, 666; on what the vital properties of arterial depends, 671; plus and minus conditions of arterial and venous, 672; the vital fountain of all the organs, 682; derangement of, the proximate cause of all maladies, 683; impaired by retention of the excretions, 685, 686, 1073; impoverished by low diet, 906; how purified
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