ABERNETHY, on Hunter's theory of life, 499; his partial view of
gastric diseases, 954.
ADONAI, a Hebrew title of the Deity, and a Phoenician name of
the sun, 739.
ADONIS, statue of, represents the average stature of man in ancient
Greece, 722.
ETHER, speculations of Sir I. Newton concerning, 4, 38; an
ancient oriental word, signifying solar fire, 5, note; views of
Mr. Whewell, 37, note; circulation of throughout the solar
system, 41; centripetal force of, 41; regarded by the ancients
as the actuating principle in nature, 740; represented as the
spirit of life by a priest of Memphis, 741; said to be Jove or
Jupiter by Servius, Euripides, and Ennius, 741; called Pater
Omnipotens by Virgil, 741; views of Macrobius, 742; regarded
by Hippocrates as spirit, and identical with heat, 854.
ADRIAN, on the nature of the soul, 853, note.
ESCULAPIUS, vide ESCULAPIUS.
AFFINITY, chemical, primary origin of, 17, 110; rationale of, 200.
AFRICA, its mountains and elevated table lands, 24; population of,
700; its burning climate, 701; character of its tropical inha-
bitants, 703; how it modifies the climate of Europe, 706.
AGASSIZ, M. Louis, on the glacial period, 416.
AGE, how it modifies the vital functions, 682; divisions of by
Hippocrates, 682, note; general character of its diseases, 805,
806.
AGUE, a general but mitigated form of apoplexy and paralysis,
1060, 1061, note; the primordial type of all diseases, 1062,
AIR, atmospheric, its elastic force, 111; its composition, 116;
etymology of the word, 853, 856.
ALCOHOL, solidified by Bussy, 143; result of its combustion, 85;
proportions of in spirits, wine, and malt liquors, 932; its
effects on the animal economy, 932, 972.
ALISON, Dr. regards sensation and thought as independent of
vitality, 601, note; on the prevalence of scrophulous maladies
in Edinburgh, 798; on the difficulty of explaining the phe-
nomena of fever, 1034, note.
Aм, a Hebrew and Egyptian word signifying heat and exist-
ence, 2.
AMERICA, heights of its mountains, 22; coldness of its polar
regions, 695, note; its population and future prospects, 698;
its extremes of temperature in winter and summer, 706; peo-
pled from the Asiatic continent, 744; comparatively recent
origin of, 744.
AMPERE, on electrical polarity, 166.
ANAXAGORAS, on the source of lightning, 306, note; on the source
of animal heat, 854, note; regarded God as the universal
cause of organization, 859, note.
ANCELL, Mr. on the source of animal heat, 644; on the coagula-
tion of blood, 658.
ANDES, their elevation, 23.
ANDRAL, on the fatal effects of tartar emetic, 975.
ANIMA, etymology of the word, 854.
ANIMALS, the complexity of their organization, 523; difference
between warm and cold blooded, 562; imperfect development of
the lower orders of, 579; all of them formed after one and the
same model, 758, 759; quantities of food required by carnivor-
ous, 918; rapid growth and great vital energy of herbivorous,
922, 923; domestic, the number of in Great Britain, 928, 929.
ANIMATING principle, the most important of all problems, 455;
must be obtained from the air we breathe, or the food we eat,
458; opinion of Aristotle concerning, 541.
ANIMATION, Suspended, theory of, 828, 840; methods of restoring
pursued by nature, 836; and adopted by the Royal Humane
Society, 837, 840; probable limits of our art in this respect,
838; experiments on by Spallanzani, 840.
ANTIMONY, tartarized, theory of its action, 975; causes a tem-
porary fever, 976.
ANTIQUITIES, Jewish, by Josephus, 33; Indian, by the Rev. Mr.
Maurice, 857, note.
APOPLEXY, exciting causes of, 1060, note; brought on by ex-
tremes of temperature, 1060; greater mortality from in winter
than summer in England, 1061; state of the blood in, as
observed by J. Hunter, 1061, note; proximate cause of, 1064;
danger of excessive bleeding in, 1065.
APOLLO, a mythological personation of the sun or solar fire, 2.
ARAGO, M. on the refractive power of mercury, 92, note; on the
mean temperature of the earth, 409.
ARCHEUS, the vital principle of Paracelsus and Van Helmont,
489, 625.
ARCHELAUS, on motion and rest, 469.
ARISTOTLE, on the Pythagorean solar system, 33; maintained
that a vacuum would destroy all motion, 36; on the nature of
the soul, 478; on the First Mover, 479; regarded the earth
as the centre of the planetary system, 479; corrupted phi-
losophy by over refinements, 480; on the mutual convertibility
of the elements into each other, 485; on the vast importance
of the animating principle, 541; on the cause of the blood's
coagulation, 646; on the unity of all animals, 757; his logical
demonstration of a Trinity, 857, note.
ARNOTT, Dr. on attraction and repulsion as ultimate phenomena,
16; his definition of a menstruum, 235; his four elementary
truths, 277.
ASCLEPIADES, his excellent medical axiom, 982.
ASHMUN, on the difficulty of healing wounds in central Africa,
810, note.
ASIA, mountains of, 24, 696, note; its extent and population,
695, 697; why warmer than America in the same latitudes,
701, note.
ASTHMA, mortality from in England and Wales, 785, table; its
prevalence during winter, 786; reduction of temperature in,
797.
ASTRONOMERS, on variations in the planetary inclinations, 28;
great discoveries of, 33.
ATMOSPHERE, Owes its volume and elastic force to caloric,
ATOMS, theory of, 46; electrical polarity of, 166; Kant's theory
of, 172.
ATTRACTION, of caloric for ponderable matter the cause of all other
attractions, 13, 17; regarded as an ultimate principle of action,
16; of cohesion, 17; capillary, theory of, 253; foundation of,
17, 200; aggregate force of maintains the earth in the glo-
bular form, 18; primary physical cause and rationale of, 110;
chemical, views of by Oerstedt, Prout, and Whewell, 199;
promoted by heat and arrested by cold, 211, 220; views of
Dr. Black, 212; of Sir H. Davy and Berzelius, 221.
AURORA Borealis, theory of, 361.
Axis, inclination of the earth's, 27, 28; Laplace on, 27; Milton
on, 28, note; motion of the sun on his, 41; of the planets on
their axes, 43.
BAAL, an ancient Chaldean and Phoenician name of the sun, 741.
Back, Captain, on the temperature of North America on the Great
Slave Lake, 350.
BACON, Lord, his definition of heat, 3; contradictory opinions of,
3; on the defects of physical science, 156; on the neglect of
ancient wisdom, 160; his classification of matter, 160; on the
elder Cupid, or attraction of the atom, 162; on the contraction
and expansion of matter, 162; on living astronomy, 162;
regards heat and cold as nature's two hands, 176; on the
innate heat of different bodies, 190; on the generation and
transformation of bodies, 197; on the ancient Pan, 273; on
the heat of lightning, 318; on tornados, 338, 343; on the
supposed secrets of God, 455; on the opinions of the ancients,
459, 480; on the power of knowledge, 488; on the ignorance
of physicians, 496; on medicine, 506; on the radical errors
of science, 560; on the effect of heat upon the heart of a dead
man, 615; on the knowledge of things through their causes,
689; on temperaments, 990; on the powers of nature, 1065.
BAGLIVI, on the nervous fluid, 584.
BALBI, on the population of central Asia, 697; on the revenues
of different nations, 699.
BARCLAY, Captain, his great pedestrian feat, 881.
BAROMETER, its height in different latitudes, 19; successfully
investigated by Dalton, 348; cause of its variations, 349;
fluctuations of augment from the equator to the poles, 349;
observations on by Dalton, 352; theory of its depressions by
Mr. Daniell, 352; greatest during winter, 353; diurnal varia-
tions of, 354.
BARRINGTON, Danes, on the freshness of sea water when frozen,
232.
BATHING, warm and cold, experiments on, 846, 847; great im-
portance of, 848; why the cold bath is invigorating, and the
reverse, 850, 852.
BAXTER, Dr. on the cause of cohesion and planetary motion, 166,
505; on the First Cause, 859, note.
BEALE, Mr. on the sperm whale, 597.
BEAUMONT, Dr. his experiments on digestion, 511, 628.
BECCARIA, on the cause of evaporation, 305.
BECK, Dr. Lewis, his account of a tornado, 344.
BECQUEREL, M. on the temperature of plants, 872; on the caloric
evolved during muscular contraction, 879,
BEDDOES, Dr. his experiments on the respirable properties of
oxygen, 863.
BELL, Sir Charles, refers all vital power to nervous influence,
594; on sensitive and motory nerves, 609.
BERGMAN, on combining proportions, 46; on the aurora borealis,
366.
BERKLEY, Bishop, his celebrated theory refuted by a happy jeu
d'esprit, 8, note; resolves every thing into spirit, 172; vindi-
cates the ancients from the charge of atheism, 483.
BERTHOLLET, his experiments on heat, 11.
BERZELIUS, his atomic symbols, 49; his mode of ascertaining
atomic equivalents, 58; his theory of volumes and atomic
weights, 69; on the atomic weights of hydrogen and nitrogen,
70; on the electrical polarity of atoms, 166; on chemical
affinity, 221; on the vital principle, 624.
BICHAT, Xavier, his definition of life, and limited views, 503,
507; injects oxygen into the jugular veins of the dog, 550;
on the origin of muscular contractility, 589; on the action of
the heart, 615; on animal heat, 644.
BILE, regarded as the proximate cause of fever, 981; yellow and
black of Hippocrates, 987; what they were, 988; why appa-
rently more abundant during fever than in health, 1043.
BILLING, Dr. his principles of medicine, 500; his views of cholera,
815; attributes sleep to a plethoric state of the brain, 949;
on the modus operandi of mercury and iodine, 978.
BIOT, M. on the evolution of caloric by percussion, 10; his ex-
periments on the transmission of sound, 18.
BIRDS, quantities of oxygen they consume, 563, 570, 578; tem-
perature of, 564; peculiar organization of, 569; their great
powers of locomotion, digestion, and reproduction, 570, 572;
rapidity with which their composition is renewed, 571, 577.
BLACK, Dr. his experiments and discovery of latent heat, 6; his
important omissions, 164; confounds phlogiston with carbon,
214; his theory of respiration, 497.
BLAGDEN, Dr. experiments on himself in heated air, 844.
BLAKE, Mr. on the rapid diffusion of poisons, 970, 971.
BLANE, Sir Gilbert, on the vital principle, 498, note.
BLISTERS, their modus operandi, 984, 985.
BLOOD, the vitality of taught by Moses, 484, 541; what it receives
and what it loses, 538, 541; chemical composition of arterial
and venous, 544; temperature of arterial higher than that of
venous, 548; substances which change venous to a scarlet hue,
552; experiments on by Hunter and Hassenfratz, 552; changes
it undergoes while passing through the lungs, 555; analyses
of, 631; specific gravity of, 632; composition of, 634; charac-
ter of in different animals, 637; transfusion of, 637; arterial
contains a larger proportion of solid particles than venous, 642;
the vitality of taught by Harvey, Willis, Hunter, Bordeu, and
others, 645; theory of its coagulation, 646; views of Hippo-
crates, Aristotle, Harvey, and Sydenham, 646; prevented from
coagulating in the living body by the perpetual motion and
changes it undergoes in passing through the lungs and general
system, 647, 680; its coagulation hastened by heat, and re-
tarded by cold, 648, 651, 654, 658; retarded by the influence
of fear and other depressing emotions, 655, note; cause of its
speedy coagulation after violent exertion, and excessive hemorr-
hage, 658, 660; how arterial is changed into venous blood,
665, 666; why venous will not support life, 665, 666; on
what the vital properties of arterial depends, 671; plus and
minus conditions of arterial and venous, 672; the vital fountain
of all the organs, 682; derangement of, the proximate cause of
all maladies, 683; impaired by retention of the excretions,
685, 686, 1073; impoverished by low diet, 906; how purified
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