40 Brough. ....m. t. & pa Westmorela 43 Brough. ..to 46 Brough Ferry to N. R. York. .ham Warwick Westmorela Number of Miles from Appleby .8 K. Stephen 5 Warcop Catterick .2 Aldborough .8York. South Cave. 3 Kingston....8 Howden Whitchurch 1 Halford 2 Shipston Penrith. 2 Appleby 14 Barton 40 Brough Sowerby to Westmorela Brough 1 K. Stephen ..4 Warcop 39 Broughall 40 Brougham †....pa & to Verteræ of the Romans. BROUGH, or Brough-under-Stanemore, formerly written Burgh, a Teufonic term for any habitation, was the Verteræ of the Romans, many of whose coins have been found there. The town is divided into ChurchBrough and Market Brough, by the intervention of the Hellebeck, which also flows through the latter. The church, formerly a chapel to that of Kirkby-Stephen is a large and ancient building, of which the windows were once richly decorated with stained glass. In 1506, a chapel was founded at Market-Brough, and endowed for the support of two priests, who instructed the children of the place in grammar, and the then usefu! accomplishment of singing. Stanemore chapel, built as a school-house, in 1594, was consecrated in 1608. Brough castle, was probably built out The castle. of the ruins of Verteræ, before the Conquest, as it was much decayed in 1241, during the minority of one of its proprietors, Robert de Veteripont. In 1521, it was accidentally burned; and lay "ruinous without timber, or any covering," till 1659, when Lady Anne Clifford caused it to be repaired, "and came to lye in it herself." The remains consist of strong towers, defended by a fosse, which, on one side, is double; and by a ditch and rampart, which seem to be remains of the old Roman station. Hellebeck hall, once the seat of the De Hellebecks, and afterwards of the Blenkin30ps, stands in a wood, on a site so lofty as to overlook the whole barony of Westmorland, and a great part of Cumberland. Market, Thursday.-Fairs, Thursday before Whit-Sunday, Sept. 30, and Oct. 1, for horned cattle and sheep.-Mail arrives 1.53 morning, departs 1.24 afternoon.-Inns, George, and Swan. ↑ BROUGHAM. This picturesque village is situated at the northern extremity of the county, on the military way to Carlisle; to the north of which are the venerable ruins of Brougham castle. It stands upon a woody eminence, on the eastern side of the river Lowther, and from the richness, variety, and extent of the prospects from its fine terraces is often styled the Windsor of the north. It is likewise sometimes called Birdnest, from its having belonged to the family of Bird. It has a fine lofty hall lighted by five Gothic windows, each completely fitted up with painted glass, with subjects of various kinds. Some of it is of the old stain, of great antiquity, particularly the arms of the family over the door, and some are of modern painters, which had been placed there by the late occupant. Nearly adjoining the hall is the chapel, dedicated to St. Wilfred, in which the rector of the parish performs evening service when the family are resident. Brougham castle is not, as generally supposed, in the possession of the present Lord Brougham, nor has it been in his family since the reign of King John. It belongs to the Earl of Thanet as representative of the Clifford family. Before the Norman Conquest the manor and lordship of Brougham (then called Burgham) were held by the Saxon family of De Burgham, from whom his lordship is lineally descended. The manor of Brougham was independant of the castle, and had its own lords. It was held by Odard De Burgham, in the 22d year of the reign of Henry II.; and Gilbert De Burgham held it about the beginning of the reign of Henry III.; from which time to the present it continued, with slight interruption, either whole or divided, in the same name, or as it was latterly written, that of Brougham, which family is now the possessors of it. Brougham Hall, now the seat of the late Lord High Chancellor (Henry Brougham), is about a mile from the ancient castle, in a Venerable rums. Broughain Hall. BROUGHAM beautiful situation, commanding extensive views of a fine country. There was a marriage in the Brougham family, with that of Richmond, the heirs of the family of Vaux, of Catterlen, in the county of Cumberland, a branch Baronial of the baronial family of Vaux of Gillesland, one of whom founded family of Vaux. Lannercost priory, near Brampton in Cumberland in the reign of Henry II. The estate of Catterlen, which came into possession of his family by this marriage, was sold by the father to Charles, Duke of Norfolk. The first peerage conferred in the reign of William IV. was that on Lord Brougham and Vaux, a nobleman not more distinguished by the most extraordinary talents, than by his indefatigable exertions as a statesman and an orator. An urn filled with Roman silver coins was dug up in the neighbourhood of the castle in 1792. There is a chalybeate spring near the bridge, and the central parts of the parish abound in lead, coal, iron, and free-stone. + BROUGHTON. The little town of Broughton-Furness is situated on the western borders of that district. The town is raised on the slope of a hill; the houses are of stone, and disposed nearly in a regular square. This place has been greatly improved of late years; having a weekly market, and a fair annually, which is principally for the sale of woollen cloth, spun by the country people, sheep, short wool, and black cattle. The country round is mountainous, abounding in iron ore, copper, slate, &c. On the summit of a hill, to the north of the town, is an ancient Broughton tower. Broughton Hall, near Manchester, was once the property of the Stanley family. George Chetham, Esq., who acquired the estate by purchase, in 1699, built the old hall here. Samuel Clowes, Esq. of Chadwick, who married into the Chetham family, built the new hall. Hall. * BRUTON is a small, but well-built town, situated on the river Bru, and considerable for its manufacture of stockings. It was formerly the seat of Sir Maurice Berkeley, whose son distinguished himself so much during the civil wars, by his ardent attachment to the royal cause. The church, which is antique, once belonged to an abbey of Black canons, founded in 1142. The tomb of Abbot Gilbert, by whom it was partly rebuilt before the dissolution, still remains in the north-west corner. The church has two quadrangular towers, one at the west end, and the other rising from one side of the north aisle; the former is finished in the most elaborate style of Gothic architecture, and ornamented with elegant pinnacles. An ancient hexagonal cross, supported by pillars, and elegantly adorned with fine sculpture, stands in the market place. Here is an excellent hospital, built by the trustees of Hugh Saxey, said to have been once waiter at an inn here. It is for the support of a certain number of men, women, and boys; the latter are boarded with the master who receives four shillings and sixpence per week with each, and the same sum for the maintenance of each adult. Within this parish lies the romantic hamlet called Disheove, where, in 1711, the remains of a Roman tesselated pavement were discovered. The priory of Stavordale, situated in the vicinity of Bruton, is now converted into a farm-house and barn. The latter was formerly the chapel, and still retains some evidences of the sacred purposes to which it has been applied. + BRYANSTONE is situated in the hundred of Pimperne Blandford, in the north division of the county. It is reported to have received its name from Brian de Insula, or Lisle, its ancient lord. It is a small place containing about a dozen houses, on the north side of the road from London to Exeter; but the manor-house and church is distant a mile to the north of the village. This place was destroyed by fire on the 4th of June, 1731, all but one house. The manor-house, occupied by the Portman family, is a fine spacious residence, erected upon the site of the old house, formerly occupied by the family of Rogers, its former possessors. This mansion was erected from a design by Mr. Wyatt; it is built of stone, and the hall is adorned with scagliola columns and other embellishments. Tomb of Abbot Gil beit. Excellent hospital. Destroyed by fire in 1731. BRYAN- Curious tenure. ruins. The dimensions are 112 feet by 100. The church, which is situated near the above mansion, is a small old fabric, but the chancel was rebuilt in 1745. Here is a large monument to the memory of the Portman family, and several curious ancient brasses; in the windows are still preserved several richly coloured heraldic blazonings of the ancient lords of the manor. This manor was formerly held by grand sergeantry, viz., to find for our lord, the king, a man for his army when going into the parts of Scotland barefoot, clothed in a waistcoat (shirt) and breeches (drawers), having in one hand a bow without a string, and in the other an arrow unfeathered, for forty days. Also, when he should lead an army into Wales, the lord of this manor was to find a boy carrying a bow without a string, and an arrow unfeathered at his own proper cost and charges for forty days. Boys were a customary appendage to an army in former years, and were styled in the Latin of that period-" Garciones"-these were servants to the soldiers, and the idea of the bow without a string, and the arrow without a feather, was probably intended to show that they were destined for domestic and not warlike purposes. BRYNLLYS. The poor and inconsiderable village of Brynllys, enjoys some historical celebrity from its castle, the remains of which consist of a lofty circular tower, occupying a moderately elevated site on the banks or Picturesque the Llyfni. This castle, the ruins of which constitute a very picturesque object in the scenery of the place, has been thought by some distinguished antiquaries, to have been built by the ancient Britons, in imitation of the Phoenician or Syrian construction; but the more probable opinion is, that it was erected by William the Conqueror, or one of his immediate successors, who attempted the conquest of South Wales from this quarter. At the period of Bernard Newmarch's invasion of the county, it was granted by the crown to Richard Fitzpons; and it was afterwards given by Henry I. to the Cliffords. Maud, the widow of William Sponsee, Earl of Salisbury, who had inherited this property from her ancestors, was forced into a marriage by John Giffard of Brimsfield in Gloucestershire, who thus possessed himself of the estates of her family. Brynllys afterwards Changes of belonged to the Bohuns and the Staffords, from whom it escheated to the possession. crown; and, after passing through several hands, it was obtained by the present proprietor by purchase. Mahel, the son of Milo Fitzwalter, and the grandson of Bernard Newmarch, lost his life at this place by an accident. A little to the westward stands Trebarried, once the residence of a branch of the Vaughan family, containing a few family portraits. This house is near the site of an older mansion, called Trebois, the seat of a family of the name of Bois; the possessions of which family passed by marriage to one of the Vaughans of Tretower, Trephilip, and Velin Newydd, in the same vicinity, also the seats of these families, now possess little importance. Pont y Wall, is a handsome edifice on the same side of the turnpike-road. To the southward of Brynllys, in the parish of Talgarth is Tregunter, so named from the Gunters, followers of Bernard Newmarch, who once possessed considerable weight in the county. The T. Harris, a present mansion was built by Mr. Thomas Harris, a native of Talgarth, who had acquired an honourable fortune in London by trade, as a mercer; and in the latter part of his life, as an army clothier. Mr. Jones, the county historian states, that much of his success was ascribed to the fortunate tradesman. Singular adventure. poor. following singular adventure: some of the fraternity of the bon-vivants had BRYNLLYS. been keeping it up until daylight, and until Mr. Harris began his morning's work, when they were amusing themselves with breaking the windows in the neighbourhood. He immediately joined the party in the sport, and assisted them in demolishing his own; after which he told them he knew the master of the house they were attacking, that he was a jolly fellow, kept an excellent bottle of wine in his cellar; and that he was determined to compel him to produce it, if they would partake of it. The invitation was accepted; the wine was good, and their associate was discovered to be the host. His good humour was never forgotten: from that moment his fortune was made; they not only employed him in his business themselves, but recommended him to their friends, and procured him contracts. By these means, in a few years, he was able to purchase the estates of Tregunter, Trevecca, and a property surrounding them to the amount of £1000. per annum, or thereabouts, and here he retired to spend the remainder of his days in otio cum felicitate, if not cum dignitate. He was sheriff of Breconshire, in 1768. His monument in the church of Talgarth states, that "in him the poor always found a most bountiful A bountiful benefactor, his heart and mansion being ever open to the feelings of friend to the humanity, by relieving the distresses of the indigent." He died on the 23d of September, 1782, at the advanced age of 77; bequeathing Tregunter, with nearly the whole of his other property, to Mrs. Hughes, the daughter of his elder brother, Mr. Joseph Harris, the author of a wellknown elementary treatise on optics. Howell Harris, another, and the youngest brother of this family, was much distinguished by his exertions in the cause of Calvinistic Methodism. Though refused orders at Oxford, where he had been educated, he became a zealous preacher. In 1756, when some apprehensions of an invasion were entertained, he made a voluntary offer to furnish, at his own expense, ten light horsemen completely armed and accoutred. The proposal was accepted, and Mr. Harris appointed to an ensigncy in the county militia; but soon afterwards he was invested with the command of a company, in which were enrolled many of his own followers. The regiment was marched through different parts of England. "In this progress," observes Mr. Jones, very remarkable scenes frequently occurred: one part of the regiment were heard chaunting hymns along the road, while the others were roaring loyal or bacchanalian songs; sometimes the captain was elevated upon a table or a chair in the streets, preaching in his regimentals; at others he appeared mounted in the meeting-house, holding forth in a black coat." In the latter part of his life he derived much support from Lady Huntingdon, who came to reside in his neighbourhood. Mr. Harris died at Trevecca, July 28, 1773, and was buried in Talgarth church. He left one daughter, from whom, however, he left nearly the whole of his fortune, for the support of a fraternity of a singular kind. In 1752, he formed the plan of a religious community, something similar in its constitution to the Moravian A religious societies; and he accordingly laid the foundation of Trevecca-house, with community. a sufficient extent of buildings and ground to accommodate a large number of inhabitants. His project succeeded extensively; and the establishment is said to have contained at one time about one hundred and fifty efficient members, exclusively of children, as celibacy formed no law of the institution. Since Mr. Harris's death, however, the number has considerably declined. Lower Trevecca is an ancient mansion, of the age of Elizabeth, built by an heiress of the name of Rebecca Prosser, from whom the house, and subsequently the hamlet in which it stands, have Regimental street preaching. |