Principles of Political Economy with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy, Том 2C.C. Little & J. Brown, 1848 |
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Стр. x
... Necessary and optional functions of government distinguished 341 2. Multifarious character of the necessary functions of government 342 3. Division of the subject . • • 348 CHAPTER II . Of the General Principles of Taxation . § 1. Four ...
... Necessary and optional functions of government distinguished 341 2. Multifarious character of the necessary functions of government 342 3. Division of the subject . • • 348 CHAPTER II . Of the General Principles of Taxation . § 1. Four ...
Стр. xii
... necessary to give effect to the wishes of the persons interested . Examples ; hours of la- bor ; disposal of colonial lands . 532 · 536 • 537 · · 540 · 13. Case of acts done for the benefit of others than the persons con- cerned . Poor ...
... necessary to give effect to the wishes of the persons interested . Examples ; hours of la- bor ; disposal of colonial lands . 532 · 536 • 537 · · 540 · 13. Case of acts done for the benefit of others than the persons con- cerned . Poor ...
Стр. 3
... necessary qualities in so great a degree , with so many subordinate advantages . Next to food and clothing , and in some climates even before clothing , the strongest inclination in a rude state of society is for personal ornament , and ...
... necessary qualities in so great a degree , with so many subordinate advantages . Next to food and clothing , and in some climates even before clothing , the strongest inclination in a rude state of society is for personal ornament , and ...
Стр. 14
... necessary consequence of the fact that a fourth more money would have been given for only the same quantity of goods . General prices , therefore , would in any case be a fourth higher . The very same effect would be produced on prices ...
... necessary consequence of the fact that a fourth more money would have been given for only the same quantity of goods . General prices , therefore , would in any case be a fourth higher . The very same effect would be produced on prices ...
Стр. 18
... necessary to lay the foundation of our the- ory in a thorough understanding of the most simple cases , which we shall always find lying as a groundwork or sub- stratum under those which arise in practice . That an increase of the ...
... necessary to lay the foundation of our the- ory in a thorough understanding of the most simple cases , which we shall always find lying as a groundwork or sub- stratum under those which arise in practice . That an increase of the ...
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17 yards advantage amount assignats bank notes Bank of England banker bills of exchange book credits borrow bought bullion called checks circulating medium circumstances coin commerce consequence consumers convertible corn cost of carriage cost of production dealers debt demand and supply depend depreciated currency depreciation discounted duction effect equal equivalent exchange value existence expense exports fall fictitious bill foreign commodities foreign countries France Germany give gold and silver hands holders imports inconvertible increase issue issuers labor and capital land law of cost law of value less lower means mercantile mode modities obtain paid paper currency payment person Poland portion possession pounds precious metals produced profit proportion purchasing power quantity of money rate of interest rise of prices seignorage sell shillings sold speculation supposed supposition things tion trade transactions value of money wages wanted yards of cloth yards of linen
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Стр. 315 - Hitherto it is questionable if all the mechanical inventions yet made have lightened the day's toil of any human being. They have enabled a greater population to live the same life of drudgery and imprisonment, and an increased number of manufacturers and others to make fortunes. They have increased the comforts of the middle classes. But they have not yet begun to effect those great changes in human destiny, which it is in their nature and in their futurity to accomplish.
Стр. 518 - Laisserfaire, in short, should be the general practice : every departure from it, unless required by some great good, is a certain evil.
Стр. 312 - I confess I am not charmed with the ideal of life held out by those who think that the normal state of human beings is that of struggling to get on; that the trampling, crushing, elbowing, and treading on each other's heels, which form the existing type of social life, are the most desirable lot of human kind, or anything but the disagreeable symptoms of one of the phases of industrial progress.
Стр. 491 - The only case in which, on mere principles of political economy, protecting duties can be defensible, is when they are imposed temporarily (especially in a young and rising nation) in hopes of naturalizing a foreign industry, in itself perfectly suitable to the circumstances of the country.
Стр. 346 - Every tax ought to be levied at the time, or in the manner in which it is most likely to be convenient for the contributor to pay it.
Стр. 346 - The subjects of every state ought to contribute to the support of the government, as nearly as possible in proportion to their respective abilities; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.
Стр. 123 - It is commerce which is rapidly rendering war obsolete, by strengthening and multiplying the personal interests which are in natural opposition to it. And it may be said without exaggeration that the great extent and rapid increase of international trade, in being the principal guarantee of the peace of the world, is the great permanent security for the uninterrupted progress of the ideas, the institutions, and the character of the human race.
Стр. 115 - We may often, by trading with foreigners, obtain their commodities at a smaller expense of labour and capital than they cost to the foreigners themselves.
Стр. 346 - The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain, and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid, ought to be clear and plain to the contributor, and to every other person...
Стр. 511 - ... more necessity for surrounding individual independence of thought, speech, and conduct, with the most powerful defences, in order to maintain that originality of mind and individuality of character, which arc the only source of any real progress, and of most of the qualities which make the human race much superior to any herd of animals.