The Origin of Species by Means of Natural SelectionGRIN Verlag, 2008 - Всего страниц: 538 Classic from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, language: English, abstract: I will here give a brief sketch of the progress of opinion on the Origin of Species. Until recently the great majority of naturalists believed that species were immutable productions, and had been separately created. This view has been ably maintained by many authors. Some few naturalists, on the other hand, have believed that species undergo modification, and that the existing forms of life are the descendants by true generation of pre existing forms. Passing over allusions to the subject in the classical writers (Aristotle, in his "Physicae Auscultationes" (lib.2, cap.8, s.2), after remarking that rain does not fall in order to make the corn grow, any more than it falls to spoil the farmer's corn when threshed out of doors, applies the same argument to organisation; and adds (as translated by Mr. Clair Grece, who first pointed out the passage to me), "So what hinders the different parts (of the body) from having this merely accidental relation in nature? as the teeth, for example, grow by necessity, the front ones sharp, adapted for dividing, and the grinders flat, and serviceable for masticating the food; since they were not made for the sake of this, but it was the result of accident. And in like manner as to other parts in which there appears to exist an adaptation to an end. Wheresoever, therefore, all things together (that is all the parts of one whole) happened like as if they were made for the sake of something, these were preserved, having been appropriately constituted by an internal spontaneity; and whatsoever things were not thus constituted, perished and still perish." We here see the principle of natural selection shadowed forth, but how little Aristotle fully comprehended the principle, is shown by his remarks on the formation of the teeth.), the first author who in modern times has treated it in a scientific spirit was Buffo |
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... genus were created in an originally highly plastic condition, and that these have produced, chiefly by inter-crossing, but likewise by variation, all our existing species. In 1826 Professor Grant, in the concluding paragraph in his well ...
... genus were created in an originally highly plastic condition, and that these have produced, chiefly by inter-crossing, but likewise by variation, all our existing species. In 1826 Professor Grant, in the concluding paragraph in his well ...
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... genus." In 1843-44 Professor Haldeman ("Boston Journal of Nat. Hist. U. States", vol. iv, page 468) has ably given the arguments for and against the hypothesis of the development and modification of species: he seems to lean toward the ...
... genus." In 1843-44 Professor Haldeman ("Boston Journal of Nat. Hist. U. States", vol. iv, page 468) has ably given the arguments for and against the hypothesis of the development and modification of species: he seems to lean toward the ...
Стр. 28
... genus, in several trifling respects, they often differ in an extreme degree in some one part, both when compared one with another, and more especially when compared with the species under nature to which they are nearest allied. With ...
... genus, in several trifling respects, they often differ in an extreme degree in some one part, both when compared one with another, and more especially when compared with the species under nature to which they are nearest allied. With ...
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... genus in a state of nature, but the differences in most cases are less in degree. This must be admitted as true, for the domestic races of many animals and plants have been ranked by some competent judges as the descendants of ...
... genus in a state of nature, but the differences in most cases are less in degree. This must be admitted as true, for the domestic races of many animals and plants have been ranked by some competent judges as the descendants of ...
Стр. 51
... genus. So with plants, the seeds of the different varieties of the bean or maize probably differ more in size than do the seeds of the distinct species in any one genus in the same two families. The same remark holds good in regard to ...
... genus. So with plants, the seeds of the different varieties of the bean or maize probably differ more in size than do the seeds of the distinct species in any one genus in the same two families. The same remark holds good in regard to ...
Содержание
5 | |
16 | |
21 | |
52 | |
Struggle For Existence | 69 |
Natural Selection | 85 |
Laws Of Variation | 136 |
Difficulties Of The Theory | 168 |
Hybridism | 286 |
On The Imperfection Of The Geological Record | 320 |
On The Geological Succession Of Organic Beings | 351 |
Geographical Distribution | 381 |
Geographical DistributionContinued | 412 |
Morphology Embryology Rudimentary Organs | 434 |
Recapitulation And Conclusion | 481 |
Glossary Of The Principal Scientific Terms Used In The Present Volume | 511 |
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On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (World Classics ... Charles Darwin Недоступно для просмотра - 2017 |
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accumulated adapted admit affinities allied species America analogous ancient appear beak become bees believe belonging birds breeds cause cells characters climate closely allied colour continued crossed crustaceans degree developed difficulty distinct species divergence domestic animals doubt effects eggs embryo existing exterminated extinct extremely facts favourable fertilised fertility flowers formation forms fossil genera genus geological geological period Glacial period gradations greater number habits Hence hybrids hybrids produced important individuals inhabitants inherited insects instance instincts intercrossing intermediate larvae less living male mammals manner marsupials migration modification modified descendants natural selection naturalists nearly nest occasionally oceanic islands offspring organisation organs palaeontologists palaeozoic parent peculiar perfect pigeon pistil pollen present preserved principle probably produced quadrupeds ranked reciprocal crosses remarked reproductive resemblance rudimentary seeds sexual selection slight South America stamens sterility structure successive supposed trees variability variations varieties vary whole widely different wings young