during cooling; by THOMAS HENRY, junior. Com- municated by THOMAS HENRY, F. R. S. &c. REMARKS on the FLOATING of CORK BALLS in WATER; by Mr. BANKS, Lecturer in Natural Philofophy. Communicated by the Rev. THOMAS An Account of the PROGRESS of POPULATION, AGRICULTURE, MANNERS, and GOVERNMENT J in PENSYLVANIA. In a Letter from BENJAMIN RUSH, M. D. and Profeffor of Chemistry in the T A PHYSICAL INQUIRY into the POWERS and OPERATION of MEDICINES; by THOMAS PER- A DESCRIPTION of the EYE of the SEAL; by Mr. OBSERVATIONS on the KNOWLEDGE of the ANCIENTS respecting ELECTRICITY; by WILLIAM FALCONer, M. D. F. R. S. Communicated by Dr. PERCIVAL ESSAY on fome fuppofed DRUIDICAL REMAINS, near HALIFAX in YORKSHIRE; by Mr. Tнo- Account of an ANCIENT MONUMENT in HULN On the NATURE and UTILITY of ELOQUENCE; by RICHARD SHARP, F. S. A. Some PROPERTIES of GEOMETRICAL SERIES explained in the SOLUTION of a PROBLEM, which hath been thought indeterminate; by JOHN ROTHERAM, M. D. On HALOS, by the Rev. JAMES WOOD, A. M. CONSIDERATIONS relative to the NATURE of WOOL, SILK, and COTTON, as OBJECTS of the ART of and particularly the TURKEY RED; by THOMAS HENRY, F. R. S. and of the Amer. Philof. Society, OBSERVATIONS refpecting the HISTORY of PHYSI- OGNOMY; by THOMAS COOPER, Eq. DESCRIPTION of a GLORY; by JOHN HAYGARTH, M. B. F. R. S. Lond. F. R. S. and R. M. S. Edinb. and Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Communicated by Dr. Percival, P. 463. EXPERIMENTS on the FUSION of PLATINA; by Mr. THOMAS WILLIS, Chemist, at the Hermitage, London. Communicated by Mr. THOMAS HENRY, PROPOSITIONS refpecting the FOUNDATION of CIVIL GOVERNMENT; by THOMAS COOPER, Efq. OBSERVATIONS on the ART of PAINTING, among the ANCIENTS; by THOMAS COOPER, Efq. Some ACCOUNT of a MINE in which the AERATED BARYTES is found; by Mr. JAMES WATT, jun. On the EFFECTS produced by DIFFERENT COMBINA- OF THЕ LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF MANCHESTER. An INQUIRY into the PRINCIPLES and LIMITS of TAXATION as a Branch of MORAL and POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY; by THOMAS PERCIVAL, M. D. F. R. S. Lond. and Edinb. Member of the Royal Society of Medicine at Paris; of the Royal Soc. of Agriculture at Lyons; and of the Philofophical Soc. at Philadelphia, &c. &c.* MAN MANCHESTER MARCH 24, 1785. AN has a natural right to life, liberty, and property. Life is the gift of God, and held under his difpofal and authority: Liberty is effential to the perfection of a rational, a moral, and This little tract was written for difcuffion in the Literary and Philofophical Society, at a period when taxation was a fubject peculiarly interefting to the inhabitants of Manchester, on account of a recent duty on the cotton manufactory ; which was afterwards repealed, through the candour and wisdom VOL. III. B of and an accountable agent: And property refults from the exertion of those powers and faculties, which the Deity has bestowed, which duty calls forth into action, and which are neceffary to wellbeing, and even to felf-prefervation. These feveral rights involve the lawfulness of their fupport, and the guilt of their invafion. An attack upon his life or liberty will justify a man, in the defence of them, even to the deprivation of the life or liberty of his enemy. And the invafion of his property will warrant his reprisals on the property of the invader. But the ability of an individual would frequently be inadequate to the defence or protection of his rights; nor could he judge, with impartiality, concerning the punishment due to the violation of them. In a ftate of fociety, therefore, individuals give up to the civil magistrate, as their representative, the right of protection and punishment. This right becomes a public one, and is to be defended by the collective power, and united expence of the community. From these principles flow the duty of allegiance, the authority of laws, and the claims of revenue. To refift the attack of foreign enemies, fleets and of parliament. It was ballotted for infertion in a former volume of the Society's Memoirs, but was then withdrawn by the author, and has fince been revifed and enlarged. An Appendix is added, at the end of this volume, containing fupplementary notes and illuftrations. |