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OBSERVATIONS.

1. The verb Be, when used alone denotes simply existence.

2. In all its forms it requires some word or combination of words after it to assert any thing besides existence

3. The words be, am, was, is, &c., may be followed by an adjective, a noun, a verb in the Infinitive mode, a participle, or by a preposition with its object. 4. The verb be with a present participle constitutes the Progressive form of the tense which the verb is in; as, "I am writing," "he is writing," " he was writing," &c.

5. The verb be with the perfect participle of a transitive verb, constitutes the Passive form of that verb; as, I am loved. I have been loved. I shall or will be loved.

6. The perfect participle of an intransitive verb is in a few instances joined to the verb be; as, The sun is risen, that is, has risen The winter is gone,

that is, has gone.

A few expressions of this kind are occasionally met with. But analogy, and the general practice of good writers are opposed to the use of intransitive verbs in the passive form.

Ꭱ Ꭼ Ꮇ Ꭺ Ꭱ Ꮶ .

The verb Be joined with a noun, adjective, or participle, constitutes a predicate; as, The youth is diligent; is diligent, is the predicate.

EXERCISE FOR ANALYZING AND PARSING.

§ 79. KULE.

Adjectives belong to nouns which they qualify or define. NOTE. The adjective is often placed after the verb. As the fruit is good. Good is an adjective and belongs to fruit, which it describes.

Model.

SENTENCE. True friendship is everlasting.

ANALYZE.-Friendship is the subject, modified by true. True Friendship is the modified subject. Is everlasting is the predicate, formed of the verb is and the adjective everlasting.

FARSE. Friendship is a common noun, singular, nominative, the subject of is. Rule 76. True and everlasting belong to friendship. Is is an irregular intransitive verb; principal parts, am, was, been. Indicative mode, Present

tense, and agrees with its nominative case, friendship. Rule.

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*The Perfect Infinitive is formed of the perfect participle and the auxiliary have preceded by to.

The progressive form can be easily given, by joining the present participle to the verb be or am ; as, I am having, I am doing. I am going. I was having,

&e.

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3. He shall or will have had.3. He shall &c., have done.

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Plural.

1. We shall go.
2. Ye or you shall go.
3. They shall go.

Singular.

1. I shall have gone.
2. Thou wilt have gone.
3. He shall &c., have gone
Plural.

1.We shall have gone.

2. Ye or you will have had, 2. Ye or you will have done. 2.Ye or you will have gone. 3. They shall or will have 3. They shall or will have 3.They shall or will have

had.

done.

POTENTIAL MODE

PRESENT TENSE

Signs-May, can, or must.
Singular.

gone

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1. I might, could, would, or should, have, do, or go.

2. Thou mightst &c.,

3. He might, &c.,

Plural.

1. We might, &c.,
2. Ye or you &c.,
3 They might, &c.,

have, do, or go.

have, do, or go

have, do, or go. have, do, or go. have, do, or go.

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2. Have thou or you. 2. Do thou or you. 2. Go thou or you.

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The Subjunctive mode is conjugated by prefixing the signs if, though, &c. to the different tenses of the Indicative.

ORAL EXERCISE.

Give the first person singular of the verbs above, in each tense of the Indicative mode; also, in each tense of the Potential mode. Give the principal parts of each verb. How is the Perfect tense formed? Ans. By the auxiliary have, and the Perfect Participle. How is the Pluperfect tense formed? How

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