4. The Rodentia or gnawers. They have no canine teeth; and their claws are similar to those of the carnivora.

5. The Edentata or toothless animals; so called because they are deficient always in the incisive teeth, and sometimes have no teeth at all.

6. The Ruminantia or ruminating animals are those which chew the cud. They are cloven footed, and have moreover no incisive teeth in the upper jaw.

7. The Pachydermata or thick skinned animals. This order includes a considerable variety of other animals with hoofs, but which do not ruminate.

8. The Cetacea, or animals of the whale kind, distinguished by having no posterior extremities, and their anterior so constructed as to answer the purpose of fins, as whales, porpoises, and dolphins.

9. The Marsupial animals are distinguished from all others by the possession, in the female, of a bag of pouch (marsupium) on the outside of the abdomen, for the purpose of holding their young after birth. NOTE. Linnæus divided the class mammalia into seven orders; 1. Primates, of this order man was placed at the head, and next him, the ape, monkey, Oran-outang, and bat. 2. Bruta, as the elephant, sloth, and ant-eater. 3. Fera, as the seal, dog, cat, and hedge-hog. 4. Glires, as beavers, mice, and hares. 5. Pecora, as oxen, sheep, goats, and others. 6. Belluæ, as the horse, hog, and the tapir. 7. Cete, as the whale tribes.

LESSON 97. Birds.

The orders of Birds according to Linnæus are, 1. Accipitres. 2. Pica, or the pie kind, as parrots, ravens, crows, &c. 3. Anseres, or the duck kind. 4. Gralla, or the crane kind. 5. Gallinæ, or the poultry kind. 6. Passeres, or the sparrow kind.

LESSON 98.

Linnæus divided his class Amphibia into four orders, 1. Reptiles, as the crocodile, tortoise, lizard, frog, &c. 2. Serpents, as the rattle-snake, viper, &c. 3. Meantes, as the siren. 4. Nantes, as torpedoes, sharks, &c.

APPENDIX.

317

LESSON 102. Vermes.

Linnæus divided Vermes or worms into five orders, 1. Intestinal worms, as tape worms, leeches, &c. 2. Molluscous worms, chiefly inhabiting the sea. 3. Testaceous worms, as muscles, oysters, snails, &c. 4. Zoophytes. 5. Infusoria, or animalcules.

NOTE. In treating of any particular animal, naturalists are accustomed to designate it by a name derived from its genus and species. This name is comprised of two words; the first being the name of its genus; and the second being altogether arbitrary, or else expressing some circumstance relating to the colour, size, or residence of the animal, which serves in a degree to distinguish it from others. The first is called its generic, the second its trivial or specific name. For example: in the class Mammalia, order carnivora, the genus Felis includes all those of the cat kind (Felis being the Latin word for cat) and these animals, although differing one from another very much in size and colour, have yet a very close resemblance in their general form, figure, character, and habits of life. The different species of the genus Felis are distinguished from one another in the following manner :-The Lion is called Felis leo; the Tiger, Felis tigris; the Leopard, Felis leopardus; the Lynx, Felis lynx, &c. In the genus Canis, the dog is called Canis domesticus; the wolf Canis lupus; the fox, Canis vulpes, &c. In the class of Birds, order accipitres, the genus Falco includes those of the eagle or hawk kind :-The fierce eagle is called Falco ferox, the common falcon, Falco communis, the American brown hawk, Falco fuscus, &c.

The Lessons on Zoology, in this Class Book, have been abstracted from Dr. John Ware's edition of Smellie's Philosophy of Natural History; chiefly from the Introduction, which was wholly prepared by Dr. W., whose system of classification is principally derived from Cuvier, a celebrated French naturalist. The class of insects, however, is arranged in orders according to the system of Linnæus. Besides the above, the following works have been consulted, and from many of them extracts made. Conversations on Natural Philosophy; Webster's Elements of Natural Philosophy; Blair's Grammar of Natural and Experimental

Philosophy; Blair's Universal Preceptor; Blair's Class Book; Joyce's Scientific Dialogues, 3 vols. 12mo. Wil kins' Elements of Astronomy; Parkes' Rudiments of Chemistry; Conversations on Chemistry; Thomson's System of Chemistry, 4 vols. 8vo. ; Wakefield's Introduction to Botany; Smith's Introduction to Physiological and Systematical Botany; Sumner's Compendium of Physiological and Systematic Botany; Bigelow's Collection of Plants of Boston and its Vicinity; Conversations on Political Economy; Kett's Elements of General Knowledge; Paley's Natural Theology; Paley's Moral Philosophy; Brown's Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind; Rees' Cyclopædia; Nicholson's Encyclopædia; North American Review; United States Literary Gazette.

THE END.