rage other places from making opposition: to which purpose he wrote to the parliament, " that he believed this severity would save much effufion of blood.” Arton's men, however, did not fall unrevenged; for they desperately disputed every corner of the streets, and finding these too hot, they retired to the churches and steeples. About an hundred of them were blown up together in St. Peter's church ; only one man escaping, who leaped from the tower, and had quarter given him. Those who would not surrender upon summons, were closely shut up and guarded, in order to starve them out; and of those who did surrender, all the of. ficers and every tenth private man were killed, and the rest thrust on shipboard for Barbadoes. The win. ning of this town was so surprising, that O-Neal, at the hearing of it, swore a great oath, “ that if Cromwell had taken Tredagh by storm, if he should form hell he would take it."

$. 4. The Naughter at Tredagh, though cruel in itself, had the good effect that the general desired. All the other places round about surrendered, few of them waiting so much as for a summons. Dundalk was abandoned fo precipitately, that the garrison left their cannon behind them on the platforms. Cromwell therefore, finding his name sufficient at this time in the north, did not march any farther that way, but returned to besiege Wexford, taking in Killingkerick and Arkloe-castle by the way.

Having summoned Wexford, and received a dubious answer from colonel Synnot, the governor, the general waited till he might have an explanation. In this view he corresponded with him by several papers. But finding that Synnot's whole intent was to protract time, while the earl of Castlehaven, with 500 men, came to his affiftance, Cromwell applied himself to storming the castle. A small breach being made, commiffioners were sent from the besieged, to treat of a surrender : but it was now too late ; for no cessation having been agreed upon, the guns continued firing, the breach was made wider, the guard quitted the castle, and some of Cromwell's men entered it. The enemy observing this, quitted their stations in all parts; fo that the others getting over the walls, pofseffed themselves of the town without any great opposition. Here, as well as at Drogheda, none were suffered to live that they found in arms. In this town great riches were taken, and some ships seized in the harbour, that had much interrupted the trade on that coast ; and the severity here used had the same effect as at Drogheda ; the terror spread to all the towns and forts along the coast, as far as Dublin, which faved the general the trouble of summoning them.

$. 5. The winter now coming on, and it being a very wet season, Cromwell's troops suffered much from the weather, and the flux then raging amongst them. Many thought these reasons should have obliged him, for the present, to put a stop to his conquests ; but he was of another mind, and more in the right than they. The difficulties the marquis of Ormond met with in bringing a new army into the field, the antient disagreement again breaking out between the popish confederates and him, the secret intelligence held by Cromwell in the province of Munster, and the mighty affairs that called him back to England, were to him more powerful motives for continuing the war, than the winter was to interrupt his progress.

Being thus resolved, he marches towards Rofs, a trong town upon the Barrow. The lord Taaffe was governor of this place, who had a potent garrison with him; and the better to secure it, Ormond, Castlehaven, and the lord Ardes, caused 1500 men to be boated over to reinforce it ; which was done in sight. of Cromwell's army, who were not able to hinder it. However, the lord-general no sooner came before the town, but he summoned the governor to surrender it to the parliament of England; declaring, that he endeavoured, as much as possible, to avoid the effusion of blood.". No answer was at present returned, till the

great guns began to play ; when the governor, being apprehensive of the fame usage that other garrifons had met with, was willing tò treat ; which being allowed, they came to this agreement: “ That the town be de livered up to the lord-general Cromwell, and they within march away with bag and baggage to Kilkenny.” Fifteen hundred of them accordingly did fo; bat 600, being English, revolted to Cromwell. In the mean time Kingsale, Cork, Youghall, Bandonbridge, and other garrisons, voluntarily declared for the conqueror; which places proved of great use in the reduction of Manfter, and of all Ireland. Sir Charles Coot and colonel Venables were very fuccess. ful in the north; and lord Broghill and colonel Hew. fon, did good service in other places.

$. 6. Cromwell being master of Rofs, laid a bridge of boats over the Barrow, and sat down before Dun. cannon: but this place being fo well provided with neceffaries, that he judged it would be losing time to tarry there, he quickly rose, and marched into the county of Kilkenny, where the marquis of Ormond, being joined by Inchequin, seemed resolved to give him battle. Ormond's army, both horse and foot, was superior to Cromwell's, which was much weakened by continual duty, difficult marches, the Aux, and other diseases: notwithstanding which, the marquis, upon the approach of the enemy, drew off, without making any attempts, or striking one stroke. Here upon Enistegoe, a little town live miles from Ross, was reduced by colonel Abbot ; and colonel Reynolds coming before Carrick, divided his men into two par. ties, with one of which he entered a gate, while he amused the garrison with the other, and fo took about a hundred prisoners without the loss of one man.

Cromwell, after this, took Passage-fort, and made an attempt upon Waterford: but the winter being far advanced, and the weather very bad, he thought proper to retire into quarters for a short timex In the mean while Paffage-fort was attacked by a party of the enemy, who were totally routed by colonel Zankey, and 350 of them taken prisoners. Several other skir. mishes were maintained with the like success; but the loss of lieutenant-general Jones, who died at Wexford of a violent fever, struck a damp upon all, especially as it was followed by that of other brave commanders, and abundance of the common soldiers. Recruits, however, arrived daily from England ; and some of the Irish under Ormond, as well as the English, revolted to the victorious Cromwell; who made great use of the animofities between them and Ormond, endeavouring in the mean time, by the most artful infinuations, to draw over the marquis himself to the intereft of the parliament.

Even while the army was in winter-quarters, our vigilant general could not be inactive. He visited allthe garrisons that were in his pofiefsion in Munfter, and gave orders for affairs both civiland military. When the mayor of Kinsale delivered him the keys, he returned them not again, according to custom, but gave them to colonel Stubber the governor ; his reason for which was, that the mayor being both a papist and an Irishman, he could not safely be trusted with such an important place.

$. 7. The parliament at this time being apprehensive of some designs carrying on in Scotland, which might require the lieutenant's presence, ordered the speaker to write for him over : but the letter not reaching him till the latter end of March, he had taken the field be. fore, and proceeded far in the reduction of Ireland. Tho' he came not into winter-quarters till December, yet scarce was January over, but he divided his army into two bodies, the more to distress the marquis of Ormond. One party he commanded himself, and gave the other to Ireton; and these were to march into the enemy's quarters two several ways, and to meet near Kilkenny. Cromwell's rout was over the Black water, towards the counties of Limerick and Tippe. rary; and by the way he took in a castle called Kil. kenny, Cloghern-house, and Raghill-castle.

Having with difficulty passed the river Shewer, at ten one night he arrived before Feathard, a garrison town under one Butler, and immediately sent a trumpeter to summon it. But they shot at the trumpeter, and declared, that the night was not a fit time to send a summons in. Hereupon Cromwell prepared to storm, which brought the governor to a treaty, and the next morning Feathard was surrendered upon articles.

Calan, a strong place, defended by three castles, was next to be attacked. Here he was joined by Ireton, Reynolds, and Zankey, whose soldiers together made a considerable body. They formed the castles one after another, and carried them all in the space of one day: upon which the whole garrison, except Butler's troops, who surrendered before the cannon were fired, were put to the sword. After the foldiers had refreshed themselves in the town, they marched back to Feathard, by the way taking the caftles of Cnoctoter and Bullynard; which were foon followed by Kiltenon, Arfenon, Coher, and Dundrum, all very confi. derable places.

$. 8. Cromwell had now entirely subdued all the places of importance, except Limerick, Waterford, Clonmell, Galloway, and Kilkenny. These were all towns of great strength, and would necessarily take up some time. He resolved, however, to attempt the laft, and in that view, fent orders to colonel Hewson, the new governor of Dublin, to bring him all the forces he could draw out of the garrisons on that side. Accordingly Hewson joined him near Gowram, a popu. lous and strong town, governed by one Hammond,who returned a very refolute answer upon being summoned to surrender. The great gans upon this began to play, and did such execution, as obliged Hammond to demand a parley: but the only terms he could now obtain were, " that the common soldiers should have their lives, and the officers be disposed of as the general thought fit.". The place being thus delivered up Hammond, and all the commillion officers but one,