castle belonging to any person, the owners fould have restored to them: Fourthly, that the governor, and all military officers, and soldiers, might depart without molestation, to Bruntisland in Fife.

According to these articles, this strong castle, which gloried in its virginity, as having never before yielded to any conqueror, was, after a siege of three months delivered up to Cromwell on the 24th day of December ; whereby there also fell into his hands fifty-three pieces of ordnance, some of them remarkable both for size and beauty, 8,coo 'arms, fourscore barrels of powder, and all the king's hangings, tapeftry and jewels. The subduing of this place was so unexpected by several, that the Scots cried out, “ That Cromwell took it only by silver bullets." But what appeared most strange to others, and which made well on Cromwell's side, was, that the Scotch army, which lay not very far off, should never attempt the relief of this most important place.

$. 11. The Scots were now intent upon the coronation of their king, which had been long delayed, that he might “ humble himself for his father's fins, and his own tranfgreffions." But the vigorous proceedings of the English put them upon hastening what of themselves they were backward enough in; fo on the first of January this folemnity was performed at Scone, his majesty first subscribing both the covenants. And now, in order to raise a powerful army, all perfons were promiscuously admitted, and great numbers of honorary volunteers flocked to the king's standard at Aberdeen. From thence he marched from Sterling, where having mustered his army, he made duke Hamilton lieutenant-general, Lesley major-general, Middleton major-general of horse, and Massey general of the English troops.

Cromwell, who observed these proceedings, was little concerned at them. He endeavoured, however, to secure all the garrisons south of Firth : which end he ordered colonel Fenwick to reduce Hume

castle. Fenwick immediately applied himself to the work, and having drawn up his men before the place; sent a fummons to the governor to surrender. But the

governor, one Cockburn, being a man of fancy; returned only a quibbling answer. However, he did not continue long in this merry humour : for Fenwick having planted a battery, and made a breach in the castle, was invited to a parly just as he was about to enter. But he would allow only quarters for life ; . which being accepted, the garrison marched out, and captain Collinson took position of it for the parliament. About the same time colonel Monk reduced Tantallon' castle, after a vigorous defence.

The king and his party were now very active, and had got together an army of 20,000 men. But the earl of Egliņton, with some other commanders, goa ing into the west to raise recruits, were seized by Lil. burn, and sent prisoners to Edinburgh.

-$. 12. The English parliament, all this while, had a fpecial regard to their army in Scotland. So careful were they to furnish them with men, money, and provifions, that as no army could better deserve it, so no army ever had more encouragement. Yet both parliament and army fuffered a great affli&tion in the fickness of their general, who was now wholly. confined to his chamber : and his not acting in person made the Scots believe, and confidently report, that he was certainly dead. To convince them however of their mistake, he ordered a Scotch trumpeter, who was sent to the English on a particular affair, to be brought before him, being then on the mending hand. But he relapsed soon after, and was in more danger than ever : yet the goodness of his conftitution overcame his distemper, with the help of tivo eminent physicians that were sent him by the parliament; so that he did not think fit to accept of the parliament's offer, of returning into England before his business was done.

No

No sooner was he able to stir abroad, but he confulted with his chief officers about carrying on the war. He encamped again on Pencland-hills, a place: well known to the English army. From Pencland Hills he marched to Newbridge, and from Newbridge to Lithgow, where from the battlements of the castle, he could discern the Scotch army, as it lay encamped at Torwood, near Sterling, all guarded round with regular fortifications. Though the English could not posibly drive them out of this faltness, yet the lord-general, to provoke them to fight, marched his army in battalia before them, and itood in that posture eight hours. But finding all this ineffectual, he drew off to Glasgow, in order to refresh his men ; which being done, he again pursued the Scotch army, who had now removed their camp, and in their fight stormed and took Calendar-house, a place of confiderable strength, and resolutely defended.

1

S. 13. Finding he could by no means bring the Scots to a battle, Croinwell fent colonel Overton, with near 2000 foot and horse, to make an attempt on Fife, in order to cut off all supplies from the enemy. Overton crossed the Forth, and landed his army, at North-Ferry, in spite of the flowers of thot that were poured on him from the shore. He was fol. lowed by Lambert and Okey, with two regiments of horse, and two of foot. The king now fent 4000 men, under major-general Brown, and colonel Holborn, to drive the English back again over the Forth: but they were entirely defeated by Oliver's party, 2000 of them being killed on the spot, and most of the rest taken prisoners. Among the latter was major-general Brown himself, who died soon after, for grief, as it was thought, of this misfortune.

The Englith now took in garrisons almost as fast as they approached them. That of Innesgary was so terrified at the late defeat, that they surrendered on the first summons to Lambert, leaving behind them all their provisions, ammunition, and arms, except their

swords

fwords only. The king himself and his whole army were in such consternation, that they suddenly decamped from Torwood, and marched into Sterlingpark. Cromwell followed them at their heels, and passing over the ground where they, so lately lay, he found there all their fick men, and a considerable quantity of military stores, which thewed in what a panick they left the place.

§. 14. Cromwell's attempts were still in vain ; for the Scots would not come to an engagement. Hereupon he marched away to Lithgow, and sent the greatest part of his men over the Forth, in order to carry on the war in Fife. At Leith, whither he retired in person to provide for the supply of his soldiers, he received the welcome news of the surrender of Bruntilland to Lambert; which place was of great advantage to the English, being a commodious harbour for the landing of stores.

Soon after he crossed the Forth himself, and drawing, the greatest part of his army from Bruntilland, with the train of artillery, he went to St. John's-town, the taking of which, he knew, would prevent the Highlanders from sending any fupplies, either of men or provisions, to Sterling. But, contrary to his expectation, the messenger whom he sent to summon it, was denied admittance, and returned back with this short answer from the townsmen,

“ that they were not in a condition to receive letters." The reason of this was, as it afterwards appeared, that the lord Duffus had the day before entered the town, with 1300

But the lord-general Cromwell, upon the refusal of a new summons which he sent, immediately drained the water out of the moats about the town, and falling to batter the walls, obliged the lord Duf. fus to surrender in one day's time.

men.

$. 15. These wonderful successes of Cromwell in Scotland, threw the king into great perplexity, and put him upon making an irruption into England. His fate depended upon the success of one battle, and be: ing much nearer to England than Cromwell, who could not overtake him till several days, he was in hopes to strengthen himself greatly, by the coming in of the well-affected in the north. The thing being resolved, his majesty sent expresses to all his friends, that they might be ready to receive him, and on the 6th of August entered England by the way of Carlisle, with about 16,000 men. This sudden invasion alarmed the whole British nation, especially the parliament, who were now ready to censure the conduct of their general. But he assured them by letter, " that he would overtake the enemy, and give a good account of them, before they came near London.”. Accordingly he ordered Lambert to follow the king immediately with 7 or 800 horse, and to draw as many others as he could from the country militia ; and to moleft the king's march as much as possible, by being near, and obliging him to march clofe ; not engaging his own party in any sharp action, without a manifeit advantage, but keeping himself entire till the army

The militia of most counties was now drawn into the field, in order to obitruct the king's march. An act was published, declaring, “ that no person should hold any correspondence with Charles Stuart, or his party, or give them encouragement or affitance, un. der pain of high-treason.' And now Croinwell, having settled the affairs of Scotland, and left Monk with a strong party, to secure that kingdom, entered England with the remainder of the arnıy; and on the 12th of Augutt crossed the Tine, upon the banks of which river he gave the foldiers fome repose : the corporation of Ne vcastle, in the mean time, bringing them plenty of provisions.

came up.

§. 16. The king's army marched through LancaShire, where at the head of it he was proclaimed, as he passed along, in all the market towns. But he met not with that encouragement which he expected ;

for