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invested with the real or the factitious attractions of a very good or a very meretricious style. We regret, also, that the prejudices excited against the man and his writings which were so industriously propagated during his life by men occupying high ecclesiastical and social positions, should be so zealously enforced since his death in the Princeton Review, or that any writer in that Review should take advantage of its influence so to misinterpret the principles and misconstrue the aims of one, who with great intellectual honesty, sought to know the truth of God, and declared his convictions with a singular fearlessness. His love of truth was a passion. To conceal, misinterpret, or dishonor the truth for any reason, whether from party zeal, from theological connections, from love of friends or fear of foes, was, in his view, to be guilty of no inferior sin. There are grave theologians, and sober elders, and large ecclesiastical bodies, and powerful newspapers, and confiding Christians by scores of thousands, who have been taught to believe him untrue to the great doctrines of Christian theology. The reviewer has doubless performed a grateful service to all such, in endeavoring still further to weaken their confidence in his claims to respect and honor.

We are pleased to see that he has had the courage to express the respect which he feels for his intellectual acumen and force, as also for his generous qualities; and that he has even ventured a charitable judgment for his Christian character. But this is no compensation for the injustice done to the opinions which prominently characterized the man, and were dearer to him than his life. These opinions must stand or fall in the arena of free and fair discussion. There the author was content, there we are content, to leave them. But to be fairly discussed they must be fairly represented. It has been our aim to defend them not from opposing arguments, but only from misconception.

We could have wished that the review had come from another quarter, but while we owe to all the writers in the Princeton Review the obligations of literary courtesy, and to some of them those of sincere friendship, we owe something also to the good name and honor of the dead.

ARTICLE XI.-DR. DUTTON'S DISCOURSE COMMEMORATIVE OF CHARLES GOODYEAR, THE INVENTOR.

"FOR THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN IS AS A MAN TRAVELING INTO A FAR COUNTRY, WHO CALLED HIS OWN SERVANTS AND DELIVERED UNTO THEM his goods. AND UNTO ONE HE GAVE five talentS, TO ANOTHER TWO, AND TO ANOTHER ONE; TO EVERY MAN ACCORDING TO HIS SEVERAL ABILITY, AND STRAIGHTWAY TOOK HIS JOURNEY.-Matt. XXV, 14, 15.

"AND MOSES SAID UNTO THE Children of Israel, see, the LORD HATH CALLED BY NAME BEZALEEL, THE SON OF URI, THE SON OF HUR, OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH; AND HE HATH FILLED HIM WITH THE SPIRIT OF GOD, IN WISDOM, IN UNDERSTANDING, AND IN KNOWLEDGE, AND IN ALL MANNER OF WORKMANSHIP, AND TO devise curious WORKS."-Exodus xxxv, 30, 31, 32.

In the first of these passages from the sacred Scriptures we are taught that God gives to men endowments, varying in kind and degree, and commissions them to use them, according to their nature and amount, in his service. In the second we have an instance of a particular kind of endowment, given to one who was divinely called to exercise it for God's purposes, viz, the endowment of inventive genius.

On one of the days of the last week, from this Sanctuary, where he was accustomed to worship and to unite with fellow disciples in sacred communion at the table of the Lord, we bore to its burial the body of one of the most ingenious, useful and worthy inventors of this or any other age-CHARLES GOODYEAR. And he was one who recognized his peculiar endowment of inventive genius as a divine gift, involving a special and defined responsibility, and considered himself called of God, as was Bezaleel, to that particular course of invention to which he devoted the chief part of his life. This he often expressed, though with his characteristic modesty, to his friends, especially his religious friends. Without presumption and in great meekness, he regarded himself as having a divine vocation to his peculiar work, as thoroughly and as reverently as did ever ancient prophet, or modern minister or missionary of the Gospel. And he was actuated and sustained throughout by a strong and sacred sense of duty to

God to fulfill this mission. It is this feature which gives to his life its chief interest in Christian minds, and makes it well worthy of contemplation and discourse on this sacred day, in this sacred place. For, in God's providence and grace, examples are given for our instruction in the modern as well as the ancient church.

A full account of his life will not be expected within the limits of a single discourse. My object will be simply to set forth the facts and experiences of his history, so far as will illustrate his ruling spirit, viz: that of one who labored not chiefly for himself, but as the commissioned servant of God and friend of man.

His work as an inventor was very great and very beneficent. His merit in this respect was declared, in the able and just dedecision of the Commissioner of Patents of the United States, in the case of the renewal of his patent, to "be the same in kind with that of the most illustrious inventors who have appeared in the world, and by that of few of them surpassed in degree."

There would not be time, and this is not the place, to set forth, in any detail, the nature or the extent and beneficence of Mr. Goodyear's inventions. Suffice it to say, in general and summary terms, that a product of natural vegetation, literally inexhaustible, since it comes from forest trees which grow in a belt of ten degrees each side of the equator around the whole globe-a product before almost worthless, and which had for years resisted many and very expensive attempts to adapt it to useful purposes, such attempts all ending in pecuniary disaster-has been rendered by his inventive genius an article of inestimable value and of indispensable utility. By that process, in which his chief invention consists, this natural and almost useless product is converted into a new material, called "elastic metal ;" and it was applied by him in many forms, some of them almost universal, to secure and promote the life, health, comfort, usefulness and happiness of mankind; and it is capable of further useful application to an extent to which we can set no limits. Already the various modes of mechanical industry founded upon it give employment to

thousands, and supply beneficently the wants of millions in all parts of the civilized world.

I. The ruling and truly religious feature of Mr. Goodyear's character already announced, and which this discourse is designed to set forth, will be naturally illustrated, in the first place, by a brief sketch of his early life, and of the varied labors and trials through which he persevered till his first great success; while, at the same time, a reasonable biographical interest will be satisfied.

Mr. Goodyear was born in New Haven, Dec. 29, 1800, the son of Amasa and Cynthia (Bateman) Goodyear, and a descendant of Stephen Goodyear, who was the associate of Gov. Eaton, and after him the head of that company of London merchants who founded the colony of New Haven in 1638. In his early childhood, as early as his eleventh year, he received deep and strong religious impressions, which resulted in his consecration of himself to God, and in his desire and purpose to become a minister of the gospel. But the condition of his father's business constrained him to give up that cherished purpose. His father was one of the earliest manufacturers in this country of hardware, and during his boyhood, when he was not at school, he was occupied with the various branches of his father's business. From the age of seventeen to twenty-one he served a mercantile apprenticeship at the hardware business, with the firm of Rogers & Brothers, in Philadelphia, at that time one of the most extensive wholesale importing houses in the United States. During the next five years he was engaged in a partnership with his father, in the manufacture of hardware, in this state. Some important inventions had been made by his father for the improvement of agricultural implements; and his observation of the good done by these, especially in lightening the burden of severe labor, contributed to the inventive bias given to his life.

At the age of twenty-six he removed to Philadelphia, and engaged in a mercantile firm, the first that was established in this country for the sale of domestic hardware, a firm consisting of his father, brothers and himself, and connected with their manufacturing business in Connecticut. This was re

garded by many as a visionary enterprise; for to that time. the whole trade in hardware in this country had been in imported articles. For the four following years he was known in the commercial cities as the pioneer in domestic hardware; and such was his success that a handsome fortune was accumulated by the firm. In consequence, however, of too extended operations in different states, too liberal credits, and heavy losses in 1830, they were obliged in that year to suspend payment. On account of the amount of their property invested in manufacturing establishments, and especially that he might retain and complete several unfinished inventions in that business, which in their incomplete condition would be of no value either to himself or his creditors, it was thought best to continue the business by extension of credit. But such were the disadvantages to be contended with that entire failure was the result. During the next ten years, under the laws then existing, he was repeatedly imprisoned for debt. But notwithstanding, he applied himself assiduously to complete his inventions and improvements in articles of hardware, and from the sale of one of them, which he completed while confined upon the jail limits, within a year or two after his failure, he derived temporary means of subsistence for himself and family. "During these years, his anticipations," he writes, "of ultimate success never changed, nor were his hopes for a moment depressed." Indeed, he testifies that from his trials he acquired firmness for his hopes, and also the lasting benefit of having proved, by his experience, that, with a clear conscience and a high purpose, a man may be happy within prison walls as well as in any other (even the most fortunate) circumstances in life.

Under these disadvantages, in order to discharge indebtedness, he relinquished his interest in one after another of the important articles of manufacture, which were very lucrative in his former business. But he says, that in reflecting upon this, "he is not disposed to repine, and say that he has planted and others have gathered the fruits. The advantages of a career in life should not be estimated exclusively by the standard of dollars and cents, as is too often done. Man has just

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