tation of being a sagacious politician. He spoke Englis very imperfectly, and was too much of a German in all his notions and habits to be very popular in England.

George I. had one son and a daughter. The son had married Caroline, daughter of the margravine of Anspach, and at the time of his father's coming to the throne had three young daughters. He was created prince of Wales, and came with his family to England; as did also one of the king's brothers, the bishop of Osnaburg, who was created duke of York.

The spirit of party still ran very high in A. D. 1715. England. The king showed, a decided preference for the Whigs. At this the Tories were much exasperated, and they soon began to show a spirit of disaffection to the house of Hanover. Lord Oxford, the great Tory leader, was sent to the Tower, where he remained two years; but the two houses of parliament disagreed so violently as to the proceedings to be taken in regard to him, that he was at last acquitted without a trial. The duke of Ormond and lord Bolingbroke were impeached, but escaped to France. They were then attainted, and their names were erased from the list of English peers.

These severities towards the leaders of the Tories excited great murmurs; and the Jacobites, who had been very active ever since the queen's death, made a strong party in Scotland. The earl of Mar proclaimed prince James Stuart, Sept. 6, 1715, and set up his standard. James, however, was not then in a condition to come and take the crown that was proffered him.

Louis XIV., who had given the Pretender a small supply of arms and ammunition, with the promise of more, died on the first of September this year, and the duke of Orleans, who was regent of France during the minority of Louis XV., (the infant great-grandson of the late king:) was not a friend to the Pretender's cause.

The earl of Mar, nevertheless, continued in arms, ar l a:

Who were the king's family?

What was the state of parties in England in the first years of George's reign?

Who proclaimed James Stuart king of England?

How did Louis XIV. and his successor regard James Stuart' en orprise?

What Scottish noo.es befriended and opposed the Pretender?

ength assembled a body of ten thousand men, which was farther increased by some English Jacobites. On the other hand, the duke of Argyle, who was appointed commander of the king's forces in Scotland, advanced against the rebels at the head of his own clans, assisted by some troops from Ireland.

In the meantime the Pretender's party in the north of England organized themselves in battle array: but they were encountered by the militia and other troops sent against them, and were punished for their attempt. Some were hanged at Tyburn; twenty-two persons were executed in Lancashire, and about one thousand were sent to the North American colonies.

On December 22, the Pretender, after having been long expected, at last arrived in Scotland. He came attended only by six gentlemen. The earl of Mar soon joined him, and he was proclaimed king; and in the expectation that all Scotland would rise in his cause as one man, he fixed Jan. 16, 1716, for his coronation at Scone. But before that day arrived, he was so closely pursued by the duke of Argyle, that he was glad to abandon his rash enterprise, and to get back again to France.

The attention of the nation was chiefly A. D. 1720. occupied by a scheme called the South Sea Schemc. It was principally contrived by sir John Blunt, a busy, speculating man; and the object of it was to enable a company of merchants, called the South Sea Company, to buy up all the national debts and concentrate them into one fund.

Many persons, in the expectation of receiving a high interest, advanced large sums of money towards this purchase; but in a few months the whole was discovered to be a fraudulent scheme. The principal actors in it were punished by parliament, and measures were adopted to give some redress to the injured parties; but a very large number of the imprudent speculators suffered severely. The king, who was much attached to A. D. 1727. Hanover, and had visited it several times,

How did the English government treat the Pretender's adherents!
When did the Pretender land in Scotland?

What speculation engaged the English natior, A. D. 1720 ?
When and where did George I. die?

set out with the intention of going there once more. He had got as far as Delden, a small town near the frontiers of Germany, when he was taken extremely ill. He had set his mind on reaching his brother's palace at Osnaburg, and ordered his people to hasten forwards. But he did not live to get there. It was found, when the carriage stopped at the gate of the palace, that he had already breathed his last. He died June 11, 1727, in the sixty-eighth year of his age, and the thirteenth of his reign.

George Augustus, prince of Wales, succeeded his father

The news of the sudden death of George I. reached Lon don June 14, and George II. was proclaimed the next day. He was in the forty-fifth year of his age. His abilities were inferior to those of his father, and his temper hasty He was simple in all his tastes and habits, and singularly

What was the character, and who composed the family of George 11.

methodical. His strongest feeling, and that which more than any other governed his conduct, was his preference of Hanover to England.

Queen Caroline united brilliant beauty to a strong understanding, and great goodness of heart. When George II. came to the throne, he had two sons: Frederick, the eldest, was twenty years old; William, afterwards duke of Cumberland, was only six years old. He had also four daughters.

A. D. 1736.

The prince of Wales married the princess of Saxe-Gotha. In 1737 the queen died, and the king's grief for her loss was sincere and excessive. In the same year a war broke out between England and Spain; and admiral Vernon took Portobello a Spanish settlement on the isthmus of Darien.

About this time the peace of the continent A. D. 1743. was disturbed by a contest for the imperial throne. The emperor Charles VI. died, leaving an only daughter, Maria Theresa, married to prince Francis of Lorraine. The claim of Maria Theresa was disputed by the elector of Bavaria; and nearly all Europe entered into the quarrel. The king of France took the part of elector of Bavaria.

The king of England engaged on the side of Maria Theresa, and sent to the continent an army of 16,000 men, under lord Stair, which was afterwards increased by an equal number of Hanoverians. In the cause of Maria Theresa, the king and his son, the duke of Cumberland, displayed considerable military talent; but England, in the meantime, was suffering by the projects of the Pretender.

In the beginning of 1744, an invasion of England had been attempted by a French force of 15,000 men, under the convoy of twenty ships of the line. James himself, not having sufficient activity to engage personally in this expedition, deputed prince Charles Edward, his eldest son, to join in it. But though this expedition was rendered abor.

What took place in 1736 and 1737.

The imperial throne, that is, the empire of Germany, was contested for by whom?

What part was taken by England in this war?

Did the Stuarts, aided by Fance, renew their attempts to reinstate themselves in England'

tive, prince Charles ventured in the following year to try his fortune in the northern part of the island.

Having procured a sum of money, and a small supply of arms, on his own credit, prince Charles sent to inform his friends in Scotland that he hoped soon to be with them. In June, 1745, he embarked with a few Scotch and Irish gentlemen in a small frigate; but the vessel which carried a supply of arms for the expedition, was disabled in the passage. Meanwhile the frigate pursued her destined course. On the 16th of July Charles landed at Borodale, in Lochaber, and was soon joined by a considerable number of Highlanders.

A moment more favorable for this enterprise could not have been chosen. The king of England was in Hanover; the duke of Cumberland, with the most serviceable part of the army, was in Flanders; and the ministers and parlia ment were divided by political disputes: but Charles could not make the most of these advantages; his want of arms, and the loss of the officers who were to have come, but were prevented, disabling him from making any attack on the strong English garrisons, which were in the heart of the country, at Fort William and Fort Augustus.

The news of the Pretender's arrival in Scotland, threw all England into commotion. The lords regent, to whom the conduct of affairs had been left during the king's absence, sent to hasten his return; and in the meantime issued a proclamation, offering a reward of 30,000l. to any one who would seize Charles Stuart. Charles, in retaliation, set the same price on the head of the elector of Hanover.

The prince, advancing to Perth, proclaimed his father king. His army stil. kept gathering numbers; and, Sept. 16, he took possession of the town of Edinburgh. The castle, however, still held out. General Guest, an experienced officer, commanded there; and, having a strong garrison, was determined to stand a siege.

Sir John Cope, meanwhile, who commanded the king's

When did prince Charles Edward land in Scotland?
What circumstances favored or retarded Edward's project?

What effect was produced by the appearance of the Pretender in England?

Did the Pretender take Edinburgh?

What was the result of the battle Preston-pans ?