of those tribes resemble each other in every thing; but, perhaps, those of the valley of Tuhuouy are the most civilized, as it is a port where ships occasionally touch for the purpose of procuring Sandal wood for the market of Canton..

"This place is surrounded by a ridge of mountains of almost inaccessible height, forming the boundary of the kingdom, which is divided and subdivided into villages or districts, each having a chief, tributary to the king, who is at all times ready to lead his warriors to battle at the sound of the conch. Every kingdom has a chief priest, and to each of the divisions a subordinate one, who are much respected, and ever held in the greatest veneration.

"Their religion, as well as their mode of performing it, appears to differ but little from the description given in the Appendix to the Missionary Voyage to the Society Islands, excepting that of offering human sacrifices to their Eatōōa or god. I could not find that this custom had ever been in practice here: if it had, it must have been very ancient, for it did not form any part of their numerous traditionary stories. The Eatōōa appears throughout these Islands, to be the superior deity, but they have many of inferior note, and amongst them I remarked Fati-aitapōō, and two or three others resembling in sound those mentioned in the Missionary Voyage, (page 143) but the one here mentioned, alone corresponded exactly. Every family have also a deity of their own, taken from an illustrious relative, whom they suppose has from his virtue, or great actions, become an Eatōōa. To him they dedicate images cut out of wood, and although the figures are uncouthly represented, they are very ingenious. These are sacred, and principally used for the tops of crutches, or stilts, as they are superstitious enough to suppose, that when they rest on these images they will be secure from injury; and should they by accident stumble, it is seldom they live long afterwards; for if the Priest cannot satisfactorily appease the anger of the Tutelar Eatōōa, they fancy they labour under his displeasure, and with an unequalled resignation and calmness starve themselves to death.

"In the performance of all ceremonies, they exemplify the greatest devotion, nor do they at any time approach a place sacred to the Eatōōa without the most marked respect. The women uncovering their bosoms, the men removing their hats. Of the evil demon, or Vehēēnéihee, they have but little dread, being firmly persuaded that after the soul has taken its departure from the body, it will enjoy a rank among their Eatōōas in another world, according as its life has been good or bad in this. Nothing can exceed their superstition; they are constantly seeing Atōōwas, or Ghosts, and even in their sleep, they fancy the soul leaves the body to repose among its kindred spirits." (P. 37-40.)

"The clothing, or dress of these people is very simple, the men having nothing but the ame or girdle of cloth round their waist, which is passed between their legs and neatly secured in front. They have also a hat made from the palm tree, the simplicity of which gives an interesting finish to their manly statures. They are excessively fond of ear ornaments, the men making theirs from sea shells, or a light wood, which by the application of an earth becomes beautifully white.

The women prefer flowers, which at all seasons are to be found. Whales' teeth are held in such estimation that a good one is considered equal to the greatest property; they are generally in the possession of the chiefs, who wear them suspended round their neck. Their other species of dress consists of a kind of coronet, ingeniously made from a light wood, on which is fastened, by means of the rosin from the bread-fruit tree, small red berries; a great quantity of feathers give the finish. The ruff worn round the neck, is made of the same materials. Added to these are large bunches of human hair, tied round the ancles, wrist, or neck, and always worn in battle, though seldom otherwise. Tattooing is evidently considered among them a species of dress, a man without it being held in the greatest contempt. The women are not exposed as much as the men, and their tattooing is very inconsiderable. Their dress consists of a piece of cloth round their waists, answering to a short petticoat, and a mantle, which being tied on the left shoulder, and crossing the bosom, rests on the right hip, and hangs negligently as low as the knee, or calf of the leg, as it may accord with the taste of the lady. Their hair is generally black, but worn in different ways, some long, and turned up-others short. They are all fond of adorning their persons with flowers, and many of the wreaths are formed with such elegant simplicity, that does not contribute a little to their personal appearance, which is at all times particularly interesting; the beauty of their features being only equalled by the symmetry of their figures. They are of a bright copper colour, and in the cheeks of those who were requested to refrain from anointing themselves with oil, and the roots of trees, the crimson die was very conspicuous." (P. 46-48.)

The king or chief of these islands is treated with much respect; he wears a diadem formed of leaves, and is conveyed on the backs of his subjects, to prevent the taboo, or restriction, which would otherwise take place; the ground on which he treads being regarded as holy and interdicted: his dwelling is only to be distinguished from the rest by its larger dimensions. The Nooaheevans possess some skill in surgery, and at their request a number of lancets were distributed among them by the Briton. They are very expert and accurate in slinging and throwing.

Lieut. Shillibeer, with a few companions, undertook a journey to the interior of the island, in quest of a tribe which had been previously described as composed of cannibals; he, however, found them friendly, and rather timorous, being situated in a fertile country, and their place of assembly was capable of containing 1200 persons. Captain Porter, the commander of the Essex, appears to have practised here the greatest barbarities upon the defenceless natives.

They next proceeded to the island of Christiana, another of the Marquesas, which is mountainous, and covered with luxuriant foliage. After leaving Christiana, they reached Pitcairn's Island, where they were quickly surrounded by the canoes of the

natives, who eagerly questioned them in English concerning their original country, and from whom they in their turn obtained some considerable details concerning the present state of the island.

Lest there should be any of our readers who do not distinctly recollect the particulars of the fate of the crew of his Majesty's ship the Bounty, we will succinctly recall it to their minds. This vessel, of 215 tons, carrying four carriage guns, six pounders, and four swivels; and manned with a crew, forty-six in number, was dispatched from England in December 1787, and reached Otaheite on the 26th of October 1788, where she continued until April 4th, 1789, in execution of the object of the voyage, which was, to take on board and convey the bread fruit plants, and many other valuable fruits of that country, to the British islands in the West Indies. Having received on board a large quantity of these plants, and many other productions of great importance, she departed from Otaheite. On the 11th of April, Capt. Bligh discovered an island in latitude 18° 52′ S. longitude, called by the natives Whytootackee, and completed his wood and water at Annamooka, one of the Friendly Islands. The voyage was in every thing prosperous until the 28th, when, at sun-rising, Mr. Christian, one of the master's mates, having the morning watch, with the master at arms, gunner's mate, and a seaman, entered the cabin while the captain was asleep, seized him, tied his hands with a cord behind him, and threatened him with instant death if he made the least noise. In the mean time the officers were secured who were not of the mutinous party, and sentinels placed over them. The captain was hauled, in his shirt, on deck, the fore-hatchway was guarded, and the boatswain and carpenter only were allowed to come on deck. The boatswain was ordered to hoist out the launch, and when it was done, Mr. Haward, and Mr. Mallet, midshipmen, and Mr. Samuel, clerk, were ordered into it. The efforts of the Captain to bring them back to a sense of their duty were in vain; Christian, with many oaths, threatened him with immediate destruc tion if he did not quietly submit.

The boatswain and seamen, who were ordered into the boat, were allowed to collect twine, canvas, lines, sails, cordage, a twenty-eight gallon cask of water, and the carpenter was permitted to take his tool-chest. Mr. Samuel, the clerk, obtained 150 pounds of bread, and a small quantity of rum and wine, with a quadrant and compass, but was forbidden to touch any map, ephemeris, sextant, time-keeper, or any of the Captain's surveys, or drawings. Captain Bligh having asked for arms, four cutlasses were thrown into the boat, together with a few pieces of pork, and some clothes. The company, with Capt. Bligh, consisted of the master, surgeon, botanist, gunner, boatswain, car

penter, master's mate, two midshipmen, two quarter-masters, the sail-maker, two cooks, quarter-master's mate, butcher, clerk, and a boy. Twenty-five remained on board the vessel, which, as soon as the boat cast off, steered w. N. w. The reason of this revolt appeared to be the prospect of a life of enjoyment at Otaheite, and connections formed with the females of that place. The secrecy of the transaction was the most surprising part of it, as not one of those who were dismissed in the boat had the smallest suspicion of it, and the captain and the head mutineer, Christian, had lived on the best possible terms.

The sufferings of Capt. Bligh and his companions, in a voyage through a tempestuous sea, of 3618 miles in extent, from the island of Tofoa, or Tofou, to the Dutch settlement on the island of Timor, in which every deprivation which humanity could endure was experienced, is too well known to need any description here. As to the fate of the twenty-five mutineers, it appears that they first proceeded with the ship to Toobouai, where they proposed to settle; but quarrels soon after taking place between Christian and others of the mutineers, sixteen of the number were landed, at their own request, at Matavai, on the 20th of September, 1789, fourteen of whom were afterwards taken by Capt. Edwards, of the Pandora. Christian, with the remainder of his confederates, in number only eight, having first taken on board several of the natives of Otaheite, mostly females, put again to sea, and probably apprehensive of a discovery, resolved upon taking the chance of being cast on some uninhabited island, which did actually present itself in that of Pitcairn, where, finding no anchorage, he ran the ship upon the rocks; and having cleared her of her live stock, and other articles, which he had brought from Otaheite, set fire to her, that no traces might remain which might lead to a discovery of the place of their retreat. It appears that Christian soon after disgusted his companions by his violent conduct, and having carried off the wife of an Otaheitan man, to supply the place of his own, whom he had lost by death, was shot dead by him while he was digging in his own field.

This island is about six miles long, and three broad; it is covered with wood, and the soil is extremely fertile. It lies in 25° south latitude and in 130° longitude west from Greenwich; and being situate in such a vast expanse of waters, its climate is refreshed by perpetual breezes, and remarkably salubrious and agreeable. Sir Thomas Staines and Capt. Pipon, on ap proaching the shores of this island, which they had supposed to be uninhabited, were agreeably surprised at beholding plantations regularly laid out, and huts and houses more neatly constructed than those on the Marquesas Islands. When they were at the distance of two miles from the shore, some of the inha

bitants were observed bringing down their canoes on their shoulders, dashing through the surf, and paddling off to the ship; but their surprise was great indeed on being addressed by them in fluent English. The first man whom they received on board was Friday Fletcher October Christian, the first-born of the island, a fine young man, of about twenty-five years of age, and a countenance remarkably open and interesting. This was the son of Christian, the original settler.

"The astonishment which before had been so strongly demonstrated in them, was now become conspicuous in us, even to a much greater degree than when they hailed us in our native language; and I must here confess I blushed when I saw nature in its most simple state, offer that tribute of respect to the Omnipotent Creator, which from education I did not perform, nor from society had been taught its necessity. Before they began to eat; on their knees, and with hands uplifted did they implore permission to partake in peace what was set before them, and when they had eaten heartily, resuming their former attitude, offered a fervent prayer of thanksgiving for the indulgence they had just experienced. Our omission of this ceremony did not escape their notice, for Christian asked me whether it was not customary with us also. Here nature was triumphant, for I should do myself an irrepa rable injustice, did I not with candour acknowledge, I was both embarrassed and wholly at a loss for a sound reply, and evaded this poor fellow's question by drawing his attention to the cow, which was then looking down the hatchway, and as he had never seen any of the species before, it was a source of mirth and gratification to him.

"The hatred of these people to the blacks is strongly rooted, and which doubtless owes its origin to the early quarrels which Christian and his followers had with the Otaheitans after their arrival at Pitcairn's; to illustrate which I shall here relate an occurrence which took place at breakfast.

"Soon after young Christian had began, a West Indian Black, who was one of the servants, entered the gun-room to attend table as usual. Christian looked at him sternly, rose, asked for his hat, and said, 'I don't like that black fellow, I must go,' and it required some little persuasion, before he would again resume his seat. The innocent Quashe was often reminded of the anecdote by his fellow servants.

gone

"After coming along side the ship, so eager were they to get on board, that several of the canoes had been wholly abandoned, and adrift. This was the occasion of an anecdote which will show most conspicuously the good nature of their dispositions, and the mode resorted to in deciding a double claim. The canoes being brought back to the ship, the Captain ordered that one of them should remain in each, when it became a question to which that duty should devolve; however it was soon adjusted, for Mackey observed that he supposed they were all equally anxious to see the ship, and the fairest way would be for them to cast lots, as then there would be no ill will on either side. This was acceded to, and those to whom it fell to go into the boat, departed without a murmur,