LIF

reports and criticisms thereon, ii.
740 n.

Life peerages, i. 368

Liverpool, Lord, his administration, i. 100
Loans by the Crown, how made, and
how remitted, i. 455, 456; proceedings
in Parliament respecting, 516, 548 n.
Lopez, Sir M., case of, i. 349
Lord-Advocate of Scotland, unable to
get a seat in Parliament, ii. 237; his
parliamentary duties, 373; his official
duties, 710

Lord High Commissioner to General
Assembly of Scotland, ii. 713
Lords of the Admiralty.-See Admiralty
Lords of the Treasury.-See Treasury
Lords in waiting, proposed parliamentary
duties of, ii. 723

Lords, House of, its dormant powers,

i. 6; its constitutional position, 27;
its important services, 29; its inde-
pendent legislative powers, ii. 319

abolished during the Rebellion,
ii. 45

indifference of peers to their
parliamentary duties, i. 30
practice upon petitions for aid,

and financial enquiries, i. 433
presence of Ministers therein,
under prerogative government,
ii. 76; control of Ministers
therein, under parliamentary
government, 361. See also
Budget; Parliament
Lowe, Mr. R., his administration of the
Education Office, i. 265; ii. 641

-

MIN

Mill, Mr. J. S., his advice to the House
of Commons, i. 620; ii. 420
Ministers, the channel of communica-
tion with the Crown, i. 170; mode
of such communication, 231; early
recognition of their constitutional
relation to the Crown, ii. 26, 43;
when first held responsible for the
acts of the Crown, 101.

their appointment and dismissal by
the Crown. i. 210, 224, 228;
opinions of Parliament considered
in their appointment, ii. 30
their salaries, i. 395, 419

entitled to a fair trial from Parlia-

ment, i. 212

-accept and retain office without a
majority in House of Commons, i.

214; importance of their having a
majority, ii. 333, 388

- how far they are the personal choice

of the Sovereign, i.218, 225; ii. 145
must possess the confidence of Par-
liament, and especially of the
House of Commons, i. 223; neces-
sity for their responsibility to Par-
liament, ii. 44, 231; extent of
that responsibility, 384, 387;
when first acknowledged, 74;
originally sat in Parliament with-
out responsibility, 75; origin of
their introduction into the House
of Commons, 84; Parliament sanc-
tions additional Ministers having
seats therein, 93; vacate their seats
on first accepting office, ib.; advant-
ages attending their presence in
Parliament, 95, 101, 143; neces-
sity for their presence in Parlia-
ment, 233; proposals to insure
their seats therein, 238

their lack of political unity at first,
ii. 102; their political agreement
and mutual responsibility now
deemed essential, 109, 164, 218,
325, 377; internal dissensions
between, 220

- resignation of particular Ministers,
because of disagreement in the
Cabinet, ii. 125; resignation of
the whole Ministry, 164, 226, 414;
dismissals, 217, 227

age of particular Ministers on first
taking office, ii. 139 n.
stipulations or pledges with the
Sovereign or Parliament, how far
justifiable, ii. 147

with sinecure or easy offices, their
value to Government, ii. 165;

-

MIN

plurality of offices, when allow-
able, 169

Ministers, their salaries and allowances,
i. 419; ii. 182; their official hospi-
talities, 186 n. ; official residences,
186; pensions, 188
dismissal of a particular Minister,
without cause assigned, ii. 217
readjustment of ministerial offices,
ii. 219

- should sit in both Houses, to repre-
sent every public department
therein, ii. 242, 250; proportion
of, appropriate to each House,
251; representation by Under-
Secretaries, 256

to initiate all important public Bills,
and control legislation, ii. 298;
effect of alterations made in Parlia-
ment to Government Bills, 300;
should be able to carry their
measures through Parliament,
312; and to originate suitable
measures without the help of
Parliament, 313; should have
the control of all business in
Parliament, 320; their defeat on
Bills, &c. in Parliament, 401; on
financial questions, 403

indiscreet language used by par-
ticular Ministers, ii. 332

official services in Parliament, ii. 81
- should receive the implicit confidence
of the Sovereign, i. 227

- their executive acts, how far con-
trollable by Parliament, i. 254;
procedure upon an excess or
abuse of executive authority, 284;
illegal or oppressive acts of par-
ticular Ministers, 299, 303; par-
ticular Ministers complained of,
or censured, by Parliament, ii.
376-384, 386

- Impeachment of, i. 43; ii. 385.—
See also Administration in Parlia
ment; Bills; Prime Minister;
Privy Councillors

Ministerial defeats in Parliament, i. 78,
130 n., 131; on financial propositions,
517

Ministerial explanations, ii. 389-394
Ministerial interregnum, i. 107, 151,
226; proceedings in Parliament
during a, ii. 414, 416
Ministerial responsibility, origin and
early indications of, i. 37, 41

progress and extent of, i. 46, 53,
169, 174, 245, 256, 335, ii. 376,
&c.

-

OPP

Ministerial responsibility is to Parlia
ment, and to no other tribunal,
i. 301

for the dismissal of their prede-
cessors, i. 68, 124, 223

for the official acts of their sub-
ordinates, i. 301, 388
Ministerial statements, ii. 344
Mint, Master of, formerly in the
Cabinet, ii. 161; his official duties,

473
Minutes of Council, rightful limits of, i.
291; on Educational matters, i. 292;
ii. 642; preparation of, ii. 631
Money. See Public Money
Money Bills, i. 525

Muir, Palmer, &c., case of, i. 348
Museum, South Kensington, ii. 654.--
See also British Museum

Mutiny Act, its history and obligations,
i. 320

NAVIGATION Schools, ii. 652
Navy. See Army and Navy
Negotiations with Foreign Powers,
when communicated to Parliament,
i. 603, 612 n.

- belong exclusively to the executive
Government, i. 612; but their
result to be submitted to Parlia-
ment, 613

New Zealand, Anglican Church in, i.

ORD

Orders in Council, proper limits of, i.
285; ii. 621; when they require the
sanction of Parliament, i. 289

PALMER, Mr., case of, i. 438

Palmerston, Lord, his first ad-
ministration, i. 150; his second
administration, 158; his long
official career, ii. 113 n.; his dis-
missal from office in 1851, 214
Papers, when communicated to Parlia-
ment, and when refused, i. 278, 602;
cost of furnishing to Parliament, 281
concerning private affairs, i. 281
Paper-duties case, i. 459
Pardon, prerogative of, i. 343
Parliament, its origin, ii. 11, 16; an-
nually elected and assembled, 23;
duration and interval of its sessions,
24, 43; advises the Crown on the
formation of a Ministry, i. 211;
may advise the Crown on any matter,
253; and enquire into all administra-
tive acts, 255

- may not interfere with the dismissal
of a minister, i. 228

its constitutional relation to the
Crown, i. 246; its proper func-
tions, 620; may regulate the
succession to the Crown, ii. 8 n.
representation of all departments of
state therein, i. 388; ii. 242
proceedings in, during the absence
of Ministers, ii. 414, 416
should not legislate on matters
proper for negotiation, i. 612
prorogation of its effect, i. 246.-

See also Dissolution of Parliament
Parliament, Houses of, appointment of
their officers and servants, i. 387;
their salaries and contingent expenses,
402, 404

may not communicate directly with
Foreign Powers, i. 607; or with
other legislative bodies, 609.-
See also House of Commons;
Lords, House of; Votes of
Thanks

Parliamentary Government, defined, i.
1; to what it owes its success, 13;
its peculiar advantages, 32; how it
is conducted, ii. 231
Partition Treaties, case of the, i. 42
Party Government, defined, i. 8; origin
of, 47; its growing weakness, ii. 334
Patronage, in the hands of an out-
going administration, i. 137

abuse of, i. 376; how dispensed,

PRI

380; ii. 429; extent of, in Great
Britain, i. 384.-See also Church
Patronage

Patronage of the Board of Admiralty,
alleged abuse of, i. 414
Paymaster-General, application of funds
in his hands, i. 544, 549; his cash
account, 554; his office described, ii.
456

Peel, Sir R., his first administration, i.
68, 123; his second administration,
139

Peers, creation of, i. 368; their inter-
ference at elections, ii. 9

- life peerages, i. 368.-See also Lords,
House of

Pelham administration, ii. 125
Pensions on the Civil List, i. 398
Pensioners, ineligible for the House of
Commons, ii. 90, 91 n.; probable
removal of this restriction, 92 n.-
See also Public Officers
Perceval, Mr., his administration, i. 93
his appointment as Chancellor of the
Duchy of Lancaster, 408
Petition of Right, procedure on,
i. 239
Petitions for Aid.-See Supply
Pitt, W. (Lord Chatham), his first ad-
ministration, ii. 126; his second ad-
ministration, 130

Pitt, W., his first administration, i. 54,
77; his second administration, 90
Pledges, between Ministers and the
Crown, ii. 147; between Members
and their constituents, 413
Poor-Law Board, its origin and func-
tions, ii. 706; President of the, 709
Portland, Duke of, his first administra-
tion, i. 76; his second administration,

90

Postmaster-General, his office described,
ii. 484

Post-Office, right to open letters in-
vestigated, i. 272

-

- contracts controllable by Parliament,
i. 297, 497

- Sunday labour in the, i. 262
Prerogative defined, i. 244; how far it
is controllable by Parliament, 245
Prerogative Government defined, i. 3;
its continuance until the Revolution of
1688, 36; its defects, 39; its down-
fall, ii. 43, 49

Prime Minister, origin and development
of the office, ii. 114, 119, 136; his
control over and position towards the
Cabinet, 138, 121, 198; his supre-
macy and power, 214, 217, 226; the
free choice of the Sovereign, i. 219;

PRI

selected by his colleagues in office,
221; who is eligible for the office,
ii. 139; with what office usually held,
140

Prime Minister is permitted to choose
his own colleagues, i. 218, 225

-

the channel of communication be-
tween Ministers and the Crown, i.
228, 230; ii. 201, 210
Prince Consort, his position and duties,
i. 196.-See also Albert (Prince Con-
sort)
Private affairs, of persons or companies,
not to be interfered with, by Parlia-
ment, i. 281

Private Bills, position of Ministers
towards, ii. 315

Private correspondence between officials
on public matters, i. 604; ii. 506
Private Secretaries to Cabinet Ministers,
ii. 164

Private Secretary to the Sovereign, i.

191

Privy Council, its origin, ii. 10, 32; its
connection with, and responsibility to,
Parliament, 24, 61; its growing powers
under prerogative government, 25, 29,
35, 40, 52; regulated by Parliament,
28; its functions, 33, 38; under Par-
liamentary government, 52; no longer
a deliberative body, 58; its history
after the Restoration, 65

meetings of the, i. 233; none to
attend unless specially sum-
moned, ii. 32; infringement of
this rule, 105; present duties
of the department described, 620
decisions of, questioned in Par-
liament, i. 269

committees of the, ii. 12, 39, 65,
521; judicial committee, 625,
627; its jurisdiction over Colo-
nial Judges, 748.-See also
Minutes of Council; Orders in
Council

Privy councillors, their appointment and
responsibility, i. 43, 51, 217, 222, 226;
their qualifications and oath of office,
ii. 53, 55

PUB

Procurators, fiscal, ii. 712
Promotions. See Army and Navy;
Public Officers

Property the basis of representation, i. 9
Public accounts, form of the, i. 592 n.;
audit of the, 573.- See also Exchequer
and Audit Office

standing committee of, its origin
and functions, i. 589; its reports,
593

Public Health Office, ii. 629
Public lands, sale or exchange of, under
Parliamentary control, i. 552
Public money, Parliamentary control
over the grant and appropriation of, i.
453; over its issue and expenditure,
534, 542

and

control over its issue and expen-
diture. See Exchequer
Audit Office; Treasury
proceedings to give effect to a
Parliamentary grant, i. 540
unauthorised expenditure of, i.
546; discretion of government
in emergencies, 546

- increasing strictness of Parliament
over the public expenditure, i.
552, 588.-See also Addresses;
Bills; Supply; Taxation
Public moneys' committee of 1857, i.
589 n.; ii. 457, 460

Public officers, rights of the Crown in
the appointment, remuneration, and
control of, i. 375; how far controllable
by Parliament, 401, 407

-

political and non-political ap-
pointments, i. 377, 382; ii. 239
advantages of a permanent civil
service, i. 378; ii. 171, 175, 259
promotions not to be influenced
by political considerations, i. 383,
397; ii. 453

competitive examinations, i. 385,
417

all subordinate to some political
head, i. 388; ii. 172

for what cause they may be dis-
missed, i. 389, 393; ii. 453
Public officers (permanent), should
abstain from interference in politics,
i. 391; ii. 171; are excluded from
Parliament, ii. 97

their exercise of the franchise, i.
391 n.

attempts to exclude them from

House of Commons, ii. 77, 83,
88; who may now sit therein, 93;
must sit in a political or repre-
sentative capacity, 239-258;

PUB

law regulating their presence in
Parliament, 259; law requiring
re-election on accepting a minis-
terial office, 267; recent modifi-
cation thereof, 274; colonial
practice, 277; what constitutes
a disqualifiying acceptance of
office, 278

Public officers', salaries, how regulated, i.
593; of Parliamentary officers and
servants, 404; of revenue officers,
payable out of receipts, 471, 555
pensions and retiring allowances,

i. 394, 397, 418, 421; ii. 448.-
See also Patronage; Treasury
Public opinion in relation to Parliament,
i. 14, 228 n.; on questions of foreign
policy, 602 n.; in regard to the conduct
of judges, and other public officers, ii.
730

Public property, taxation of, ii. 477
Public prosecutors, proposed appoint-
ment of, ii. 703, 704 n.

Red Sea and India Telegraph, case of
the, i. 506

Reform, Parliamentary, probable con-
sequences of further reform, i. 16, 80;
Mr. Pitt's plan, 60

Reform Act of 1832, its enactment, i.

119; its effects, 15, 65, 70

Reform Bills of 1858, 1866, &c., i. 154,
159

Reform Bills of 1867 and 1868, ii. 314,
411

Representation in Parliament, true basis

of, i. 9; origin of present system, 35;
ii. 17
Resolutions, Parliamentary, effect of a
prorogation on, i. 247; how far bind-
ing, 250

-

- in favour of money grants, i. 434, 435;
in favour of the repeal, &c. of
particular taxes, 445

abstract, i. 252

Returns. See Papers

Revenues, public, how derived, i. 467
-gross receipts paid into the Ex-
chequer, i. 468

SOV

Revenue officers, their right to the
franchise, i. 391 m.; ii. 310; their
salaries paid out of receipts, i. 471,

555

Revolution of 1688, its effects, i. 3, 7,
26, 40; ii. 49, 72
Rewards. See Honours

Rockingham administrations, 73; ii. 130,
132

Roman Catholic question, i. 57, 85, 116;
ii. 327

Russell, Lord, his first administration,
i. 144; his second administration, 158;
his leadership of the Commons, ii. 364

SALARIES.-See Ministers; Parlia-
ment, Houses of; Public Officers
Science and Art Department (Education
Office), ii. 650

Scotch members, meetings of, ii. 375
Scotland, Ministers for, ii. 710
Seals, Great and Privy, their custody

and use, ii. 30, 228, 687; used by a
Secretary of State, 494 n.

Secrets of State not to be divulged,
without leave of the king, ii. 56, 195
Secret Service expenditure, i. 551
Secretary-at-war, ii. 558

Secretary for Ireland, his duties de-
scribed, ii. 719

Secretary of State, the medium of com-
munication with the Sovereign, i. 172;
origin and development of the office,
ii. 39; his relation to the Cabinet, 117;
and to the king, 118; the Secretariat
described, 491; Under Secretaries of
State, 497

for the Colonies, ii. 519

for the Home Department, ii. 499
for Foreign Affairs; ii. 504, how
he communicates with the
Sovereign on official business,
ib. 213

for India, ii. 570

for War, ii. 530

Secretary of the Treasury, ii. 368, 451;
Parliamentary secretary, ib. 324, 333,
452; financial secretary, 366, 454
Select committees, not to assume admin-
istrative functions, i. 257

utility of, within constitutional
limits, i. 270; precedents of their
appointment and procedure, 272
Shelburne administration, i. 75; ii. 133
Sovereign, on the office of, i. 167-243
- personal irresponsibility of the, i.
168, 239, 242; his impersonality,
176; since the Revolution, ii. 136