Communicating Science: The Scientific Article from the 17th Century to the PresentOxford University Press, 11 апр. 2002 г. - Всего страниц: 280 This book describes the development of the scientific article from its modest beginnings to the global phenomenon that it has become today. Their analysis of a large sample of texts in French, English, and German focuses on the changes in the style, organization, and argumentative structure of scientific communication over time. They also speculate on the future currency of the scientific article, as it enters the era of the World Wide Web. This book is an outstanding resource text in the rhetoric of science, and will stand as the definitive study on the topic. |
Содержание
3 | |
17 | |
2 Style and Presentation in the 17th Century | 31 |
3 Argument in the 17th Century | 48 |
4 Style and Presentation in the 18th Century | 68 |
5 Argument in the 18th Century | 92 |
6 Style and Presentation in the 19th Century | 117 |
7 Argument in the 19th Century | 139 |
9 Argument in the 20th Century | 187 |
10 Explaining the Development of the Scientific Article | 214 |
Past Present Future | 229 |
Method for Sampling Scientific Texts | 235 |
Method for Analyzing Scientific Texts | 243 |
NounPhrase Analysis | 249 |
References | 253 |
Index | 263 |
Другие издания - Просмотреть все
Communicating Science: The Scientific Article from the 17th Century to the ... Alan G. Gross,Joseph E. Harmon,Michael S. Reidy Недоступно для просмотра - 2009 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
17th-century scientific 20th-century sample abstract Academy acid amino acid appear argumentative practices article’s astronomical authors average Bazerman chapter chemical chemistry citations clausal density communicative and argumentative complex noun phrases Concerning conclusions Denis de Sallo dummy subjects English sample entific equations evidence evolution evolutionary example experimental results experiments facts figure fractal dimension French passage French sample geological German glish Goodman and Rich graphs hedges Henry Oldenburg illustrate increase introduction Journal Journal des Sçavans Klaproth language line graph Lister mathematical means measurements method modern scientific multiple modifiers narrative natural world niche Nonsubject norms noun phrases objects observations passage passive physics presentational features professional pronouns readers rhetorical Royal Society scientific argument scientific article scientific communication scientific prose scientists selection sentence length specific sRNA Stephen Toulmin stylistic Swales’s theoretical theory tion trends typical verbs visual whole articles words
Популярные отрывки
Стр. 68 - To perform my late promise to you, I shall without further ceremony acquaint you, that in the beginning of the Year 1666 (at which time I applyed my self to the grinding of Optick glasses of other figures than Spherical,) I procured me a Triangular glass-Prisme, to try therewith the celebrated Phenomena of Colours.
Стр. 38 - And, in few words, I dare say that, of all the Studies of men, nothing may be sooner obtain'd than this vicious abundance of Phrase, this trick of Metaphors, this volubility of Tongue, which makes so great a noise in the World.
Стр. 69 - It was at first a very pleasing divertisement, to view the vivid and intense colours produced thereby; but after a while applying...
Стр. 69 - I placed my prism at its entrance, that it might be thereby refracted to the opposite wall. It was at first a very pleasing...
Стр. 65 - Years mentioned, viz. from 87 to 91 inclusive, there were born 6193 Persons, and buried 5869; that is, born per Annum 1238, and buried 1174; whence an Encrease of the People may be argued of 64 per Annum, or of about a 20th part, which may perhaps be ballanced by the Levies for the Emperor's Service in his Wars. But this being contingent, and the Births certain, I will suppose the People of Breslaw to be encreased by 1238 Births annually.
Стр. 68 - And in order thereto, having darkened my chamber, and made a small hole in my window-shuts, to let in a convenient quantity of the sun's light, I placed my prism at its entrance, that it might be thereby refracted to the opposite wall.
Стр. 65 - Breslau, which for various reasons he selected, from the imperfect data at his disposal, "as the most proper for a standard, and the rather for that the births did a small number exceed the funerals." He was aware that he wanted the number of the whole people for an accurate calculation ; but Halley's T., constructed upon nearly the same hypothesis as the Northampton T., represented the mort, of mankind with as little inaccuracy, and was upon the whole as...
Стр. 96 - ... them with one hand, and holding my other on his breast at the left pap, I blew again my breath as strong as I could, raising his chest fully with it, and immediately I felt six or seven very quick beats of the heart ; his thorax continued to play, and the pulse was felt soon after in the arteries. I then opened a vein in his arm, which, after giving a small jet, sent out the blood in drops only for a quarter of an hour, and then he bled freely. In the meantime I caused him to be pulled, pushed,...
Стр. 38 - Studies of men, nothing may be sooner obtain'd than this vicious abundance of Phrase, this trick of Metaphors, this volubility of Tongue, which makes so great a noise in the World. But I spend words in vain, for the evil is now so inveterate that it is hard to know whom to blame, or where to begin to reform. We all value one another so much upon this beautiful deceipt, and labour so long after it in the years of our education, that we cannot but ever after think kinder of it than it deserves.
Стр. 112 - If random chance has stumbled on so many improvements, what might industry and experience have effected, when guided by elementary knowledge? The misfortune is that few dyers are chemists, and few chemists dyers. Practical knowledge should be united to theory, in order to produce the most beneficial discoveries.