fich a mobat gene cannot long fubfift, we Mô, 425 >= imknię convulfions and civil wars, hid wego i docilize monarchy, which it would have doar lijst Cras 20 have establish'd peace803 fone de Agüinding, 120220 monarchy, thereExe à de canta Quit, the true Euthanafia of the PNOSE ANGSTive "Bibit to be more jealous of 、ij. Nd (as afuger is more imminent fam we have to reason to be more jezus meet, because that danger is more this may teach us a leffon of moderatza in all our poliest controverfies. ESSAY [79] ESSAY X. Of PARTIES in general. Fall men, who diftinguish themselves by memorable atchievements, the firft place of honour, in my opinion, is due to LEGISLATORS, and founders of states, who tranfmit a fyftem of laws and inftitutions to fecure the peace, happiness, and liberty of future generations. The influence of useful inventions in the arts and sciences may, perhaps, extend farther than those of wife laws, whofe effects are limited both in time and place; but the benefit arifing from the former is not fo fenfible as that which proceeds from the latter. Speculative fciences do, indeed, improve the mind; but this advantage reaches only to a few persons, who have leifure to apply themselves to them. And as to practical arts, which increase the commodities and enjoyments of life, 'tis well known, that mens happiness confifts not fo much in an abundance of these, as in the peace and fecurity with which they poffefs them; and those bleffings can only be derived from good government. Not to mention, that general virtue and good morals in a state, which are so requifite to happiness, can never arife from the most refin'd precepts of philofophy, or even the fevereft injunctions of religion; but muft proceed entirely from the virtuous education of the youth, the effect of wife laws and institutions. I muft, therefore, prefume to differ from my lord BACON in this particular, and muft regard antiquity as fomewhat unjust in its diftribution of honour, when it made gods of all the inventors of useful arts, fuch as Ceres, Bacchus, Æsculapius; and dignified legislators, such as Romulus and Theus, only with the appellation of demi-gods, and heroes. As much as legiilators and founders of ftates ought to be honour'd and refpected among men, as much ought the founders of fects and factions to be detefted and hated; because the influence of factions is directly contrary to that of laws. Factions fubvert government, render laws impotent, and beget the fiercest animofities among men of the same nation, who ought to give mutual affiftance and protection to each other. And what should render the founders of parties more odious is, the difficulty of extirpating these parties, when once they have taken rise in any ftate. They naturally propagate themselves for many centuries, and seldom end but by the total diffolution of that government, in which they are planted. They are, befides, feeds which grow moft plentifully in the richeft foils; and tho' defpotic governments be not entirely free from them, it must be confefs'd, that they rife more eafily, and propagate themselves faster in free governments, where they always infect the le ature itself, which alone could be able, by the steady applica |