A.D.

Page

1324.

Royal Party gain a decided Victory at Boroughbridge;
Earl of Lancaster executed; the Mortimers impri-
soned
The Queen Isabella complains of the Influence of the
Spencers, and Rupture with France; Escape of Roger
Mortimer into France
Isabella being sent into France by Edward, to treat with
her Brother, remains there

279

• 281

282

1326.

Isabella, in Conjunction with Mortimer, lands with a
hostile Force in England

283

1327.

(24th or 25th of January) the Parliament declare the King
deposed, as incapable of Government

Edward II. remains at Kenilworth during the Spring of
1327, and is afterwards carried to Corfe, Bristol, and
Berkeley Castles

(20th of September) His Murder at Berkeley Castle
Edward III. only Fourteen; Isabella and Mortimer
reign under his Name; rising Discontent of various
Barons

(16th of March) the Earl of Kent convicted of Treason for
an Attempt to correspond with his Brother, Edward IL,
whom he supposed to be alive

(29th of November) Mortimer executed under an Impeachment for the Murder of the King Isabella adjudged to have forfeited her Lands, and imprisoned for the Remainder of her Life 1330-1336. Attempt to restore the House of Baliol to the Throne of Scotland, and re-establish the Vassalage of the Monarchy

Claim of Edward to the Crown of France, on the Extinc-
tion of the Male Descendants of Philip the Fair
Alliances of Edward preparatory to an Attempt on
France

-291-293

1338.

(July) Edward embarks for the Netherlands, having
assumed the Title of King of France

The two Kings espouse opposite Parties in the disputed
Succession of Britany

Assassination of D'Artaveldt, Edward's Flemish ally,
(July) Edward disembarks a fresh Army near Cape
La Hogue

(26th of August) Battle of Crecy

295

-) Siege of Calais

- 297

- 298

299

A.D.

1355.

1356.

1358.

Page

Its reduction leads to a Truce, which lasts till 1355, five
Years after Philip was succeeded by his Son John
Edward the Black Prince recommences Military Oper-
ations

(July) Battle of Poictiers, in which John was taken Pri

soner

Truce of two Years

301

- 301

Some particulars concerning France at this Period
La Jacquerie; Enfranchisement of Peasantry
Treaty of Bretigny, and Release of John; remarkable
Instance of good Faith in John's voluntary Return
on finding it impossible to fulfil the Terms of the
Treaty

Marriage of the Black Prince with Jane Plantagenet;

his Irruption into Spain

1367.

1376.

He stabs Pedro IV. in a Conference
(8th of June) His Death

- 303 - 304 306

- 307

- 307

- 308

309

1377.

1377.

1381.

Character of his Reign; he strengthened the Parlia
mentary Authority by employing them in the Fur
therance of his Projects; growth of Civil and Religious
Architecture; Order of the Garter; Chaucer; Law;
frequency of Famines in that Age; Discovery of
Gunpowder

311

311-314

RICHARD II.

1377-1399.

Richard of Bordeaux was eleven Years old on his Ac-
cession

- 315

- 315 316

Tottering State of the English Dominions in France
Council of Regency
Revolt of the lower Classes in England; gradual Progress
of Serfs towards Independence throughout Europe 316, 317
Wat Tyler

His Attack on London, and violent Death in Smithfield,
while parleying with the King

- 318

- 319

- 320

- 320

The Albigeois

John of Gaunt confirmed in the Government

1385-1387. He engages in an ineffectual Pursuit of the Crown of

322

During his Absence, the King's Uncles, York and Glou
cester, dispute with De la Pole and De Vere for the
Government of the King's Person

A.D.

1387.

1388.

1398.

1397.

1398.

1399.

Page

De la Pole impeached; the Government vested in eleven
Commissioners
(August) The Judges, under the Influence of De Vere
and others, together with the King, declare the Com-
mission invalid
(February) The Parliament condemn De Vere and his
Colleagues, and imprison the Judges; Gloucester as-
sumes the Direction of Government
(September) The Acts of Gloucester's Administration
annulled by Parliament

(His treacherous Murder, with Richard's Connivance, in
July, 1397)

324

325

326

- 327 329

Means taken to conciliate John of Gaunt
Conversation between Mowbray and Hereford, expressive
of Discontent with Richard's Government; a Quarrel
between them leading to its Disclosure; Richard avails
himself of the Circumstance to banish both these
Lords

Personal Expedition of Richard against Ireland
(4th of July) Hereford (now Duke of Lancaster) lands at
Holderness, during his Absence, with an Army, and is
universally welcomed

Richard returns to England, is taken Prisoner at an Inter-
view with Lancaster, and committed to the Tower
(29th of September) Richard resigns the Crown

(30th of September) The Parliament formally depose him,
and Lancaster claims the vacant Throne
False Statement of hereditary Right made by Henry;
the Parliamentary Act was the only Foundation of his
Title

- 337

HENRY IV.
1399-1413.

Genealogical Sketch explanatory of the Disputes which
led to the Wars of the Roses

. 338

1.399.

Wise Acts of Henry's first Parliament; Abolition of
Liveries; Definition of Treason, &c.

(23d of October) The Parliament advise the secure and
secret Imprisonment of Richard

Various Accounts of the Cause of his Death
Rumours that Richard was still alive; Revolt of the
Percys

343

. 345

(21st of July) Battle of Shrewsbury; Defeat of the Per-
cys

Share of Owen Glendower, the Welsh Chieftain, in their
Revolt

Various Parliamentary Recognitions of Henry's Title, and
Provisions for the Succession

A.D.

1413.

Youthful Extravagancies of the Prince of Wales, and his Father's Jealousy of him; Chief Justice Gascoyne's in trepid Conduct towards the Prince

Page

(20th of March) Death of Henry IV.; Nature of his Title Constitutional Review of his Reign; Power of the Purse; Privileges of Parliament more defined; Regu. lation of Elections; Statute against Lollards

351

351

1415.

1420.

1422.

HENRY V. 1413-1422.

- 359

- 360

Hopes of recovering the Continental Possessions of the
English Crown; Measures to secure Popularity
Miserable Condition of France under Charles VI.
(15th of April) Henry announces his Intention to go in Per
son to recover his Continental Dominions, but is de-
tained by a Conspiracy

362

(11th of August) He embarks for France with a large Army 312 (24th of October) Battle of Agincourt

(21st of May) Treaty of Troyes; Marriage of Henry with
Catherine, Daughter of the French King
Henry resides at the Louvre

364

Lafayette defeats the English Troops under Clarence,
with the Assistance of a Body of Scotchmen
(31st of August) Henry dies at Vincennes

HENRY VI.

TO THE APPROACH OF THE CIVIL WAR.

1422-1452.

Proclaimed King both of France and England at the Age
of Nine Months; Division of Parties in France

1422-1429. During the first Seven Years of this Reign, the English Arms prevailed; Devastations occasioned in France by the War; rise of Resentment against the English

371

37S

Charles VII. consecrated King of France
Jeanne d'Arc made Prisoner; her cruel Execution
Alienation of the Duke of Burgundy from the English

- 374

- 375

Party

576

1431.

Henry VI. consecrated King of France, at Paris, by an
English Prelate

1435. The Duke of Burgundy concludes a separate Peace with

France

377

Ill Success of the English Arms in France

377

A.D.

1448, 1449. Loss of Normandy

Page

378

1451. And of the Gascon and Pyrenean Provinces; Defeat and Death of Talbot at the Battle of Chatillon; Close of the second War of the Plantagenets to re-establish themselves in France Review of the political Changes and Indications of the Age; the Decline, or Approach to mere Formality, of Constitutional Assemblies threatened throughout the Continent; the Prevalence of Despotism; but the silent Advancement of Knowledge was at the same Time preparing the Way for different Results; Mari ner's Compass; Columbus born in 1441; Approach of the Reformation; Printing

379

379-382

1422.

VOL. II.

CHAP. I.

WAR OF THE ROSES. "

HENRY VI.-EDWARD IV.

1422-1483.

Review of the Circumstances which led to the Wars
of the Roses

(1st of November) First Parliament of Henry VI., in the
10th Month of his Age

It confers the Regency on the Duke of Bedford, and the
Protectorship of England, during his Absence, on the
Duke of Gloucester, assisted by a Council
Release of the King of Scots

1

1423.

2

1427.

Dissensions between the Duke of Gloucester and the
Bishop of Winchester (afterwards Cardinal Beaufort)
An Appeal by Gloucester to Parliament, relative to the
Extent of his Powers leads to a very distinct Asser-
tion of Parliamentary Supremacy

3

4

Beaufort releases the Duke of Orleans, in Spite of Glou.
cester's Protest against it

5

1441.

1445.

A Blow is struck at the Protector by a Charge of Sorcery against Eleanor Cobham, his Wife or Concubine Marriage of the King with Margaret of Anjou; the Marriage unpopular in Consequence of Maine and Anjou, the Keys of Normandy, being ceded to her Father by the marriage Treaty

The Administration of public Affairs on Beaufort's Decay,
gradually slide into the Hands of William de la Pole,
Duke of Suffolk, who inherits the Animosity of his
Predecessor against Gloucester

8