A.D. 1543.

Page

(10th of July) Henry marries Catherine Parr; she favours
the Reformation

232

Henry resists all Attempts to excite his Jealousy against
Cranmer

232

The Queen narrowly escapes the King's Vengeance for
venturing to argue with him on Theology

233

1544.

1547.

(7th of June) Boulogne restored on Payment of 2,000,000
Crowns to Henry

(11th of February) League with the Emperor against
Francis; (14th of July) Henry passes over to France - 233
(18th of September) Boulogne taken
The Emperor makes a separate Peace

- 233

234

234

- 234

Henry persecutes the Lutherans as Heretics, and the Pa-
pists as Traitors

Howard Earl of Surrey; a Poet, Statesman and Warrior;
Jealousy of the Seymours against him; he with his
Father the Duke of Norfolk are imprisoned on Pretext
of their having quartered the Royal Arms
(January) Trial and Execution of Surrey; Norfolk is
saved by the Death of Henry between the Warrant and
the Execution

(28th of January) Death of Henry

Testament of Henry, appointing Edward his Successor,
recognised by Parliament; Steps by which the Way
had been prepared for such an Assumption

234

236

237

238

239

It may be questioned whether this Reign was in its ulti-
mate Consequences injurious to Liberty, since the very
Baseness of the Subserviency of Parliament tempted
Henry to carry all his Purposes into Effect through
their Means, thereby fixing their constitutional Powers 240
A parliamentary Representation given to Wales in this
Reign

Influence of this Reign on the Progress of the Reform
ation

Death of Luther eleven Months before Henry; his Cha-
racter and Doctrine
Apprehensions of Civil Rulers at the Progress of reli-
gious Enquiry

CHAP. IX.

EDWARD VI,

1547-1553.

Predominance of the new Nobility, or Reformation Party among the Executors of Henry

(January and February) Edward proclaimed and crowned; Hertford created Duke of Somerset; he assumes the Titles of Lord Protector, &c.

A.D.

1549.

Page

- 248

- 249

- 249

- 249

The Chancellor Wriothesley compelled to resign, from his
Opposition to Somerset's Elevation
Exaggerated Panegyrics on the young King
(March) Somerset's Powers further augmented
The populace destroy Images in the Churches
The Government proceed to complete the Reformation
Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, who opposes, is impri-
soned; Bonner, of London, escapes only by Submission;
Tunstall, of Durham, excluded from the Council
(4th of November) A Parliament; Statutes promotive of
the Reformation
Opinions of the Reformers; Want of that Unity among
them which belonged to the Catholic Church; Diffi-
culty as to the competent Judge in case of disputed In-
terpretation of Scripture; whenever the Church was
reformed by the Government, the Civil Lawgiver was
regarded as such; all were as intolerant as if infallible

250

- 251

252

254, 255

Lord Sudely's secret Marriage to the Queen Dowager im-
mediately after Henry's Death
Jealousy between him and his Brother the Protector, em-
bittered by a Quarrel about Precedency between their
Wives
(February-March) Sudely attainted and executed for al-
ledged Designs against the Government

(July) Insurrection in Norfolk, headed by Ket a Tanner - 260 (August) The Revolt is repressed by Warwick

260

Rising Dissatisfaction with Somerset's Government; Jea-
lousy excited by the ostentatious Construction of Somer-
set House

261

(September) Several Lords arm against Somerset, and
gain Possession of the Tower

263

(13th of October) His Powers withdrawn, and he is impri-
soned in the Tower

263

1550.

(28th of October) Warwick Lord High Admiral
(February) Somerset released on Payment of severe Fines
and Forfeiture of his Offices

1551.

(8th of April) Somerset resumes his Seat in Council; but
the Enmity between him and Warwick continuos
(17th of October) Somerset accused of Treason; Warwick
made Duke of Northumberland

264

- 266

1552,

(22d of January) Somerset executed on Tower Hill
Act of Parliament requiring Two confronted Witnesses in
Trials for Treason

- 266

266

Policy of Edward's Governments towards Dissent; "the
Toleration of Heresy was then deemed, by Men of all

A.D.

1553.

Page

266

267, 268

Persuasions, to be as unreasonable as it would now be to propose the Impunity of Murder" Treatment of Bonner and Gardiner, and of the Princess Mary But on the whole the Reign of Edward VI. was the most pure from Religious Persecution, of any Administration of the same Length, since Christendom was divided between Catholics and Protestants 271

Persecution of Flemish Sects under Cranmer's Direction;
long Struggle of the natural Feelings of Edward against
the Authority of Cranmer, before signing a Warrant for
the Execution of Joan of Kent
Proposed Reformation of the Canon Law
Articles compiled by Cheke and Haddon, but uncompleted
at Edward's Death

273 274, 275

- 275

Their free Doctrines on Divorce; difficulty of the Subject 275
Decline of Edward's Health
Jerome Cardan consulted

His Opinion of Edward

- 277

- 277

- 278

(1st of March) A Parliament summoned; authoritative
Recommendation of Members to several Counties from
the Crown

(May) Marriage of Lord Guilford Dudley, Son of North-
umberland to Lady Jane Grey; her Pedigree
Northumberland urges the young King to appoint Lady
Jane Grey his Successor

279

279, 280

(June) The Judges after Hesitation draw up a testament-
ary Paper to this Effect

(6th of July) Death of Edward

CHAP. X.

LADY JANE GREY.

1553.

(5th to 8th of July) Northumberland conceals the Death
of Edward for two Days

286

(9th) Mary writes to the Council, but receives an hostile

Reply

- 286

Lady Jane Grey's reluctant Acceptance of the Crown
Doubtful Disposition of the People

- 287

- 287

The Populace at length turn in general towards Mary
The Tower abandoned by Suffolk to Mary's Party; Lady
Jane Grey retires to the Monastery of Sion

288

289

CHAP. XI.

MARY.

1553-1558.

A.D.

Page

(3d of August) Mary enters London, accompanied by Eli-

zabeth

290

(18th of August) Northumberland, Northampton, and War-
wick, convicted of High Treason

(22d of August) Northumberland executed

291

1554.

(30th of September) Mary crowned; Charles offers her the

Hand of his son Philip

Commendone's secret Embassy from Rome

Pole nominated Legate

(30th of October) The House of Commons Petition against

a Foreign Marriage; Mary's angry Reply

Philip distributes Money among the Members of both

Houses, to soften their Hostility

(January) Embassy from the Emperor; terms of the Mar-

riage Treaty

The deprived Bishops, Gardiner, Bonner, &c., restored;

Cranmer and Latimer sent to the Tower

Counsels of the Emperor and King of France

(5th of October) A Parliament abolishes all the Treasons

and Felonies of Henry VIII., and declares the first Mar-

riage of Henry VIII. valid; repeals the Ecclesiastical

Laws of Edward VI.

- 291

- 292

293

General Dissatisfaction; Insurrection headed by Wyatt,
Carew and others

301-303

(27th of January) Defection in the Army of Norfolk, sent

against the Revolters; the Court obliged to treat with

them; Mary's harangue in the Guildhall

- 303

(2d of February) Wyatt defeated in his Attack on London 304

(February) Lady Jane Grey and Lord G. Dudley executed 306

Elizabeth arrested; attempt to implicate her in the Revolt

of Wyatt

-

Debate of the Council upon her Fate

- 307

- 308

The Emperor and some of the Council advise her Death;
but she is in the end imprisoned
(19th of July) Philip arrives in England; (25th) the Mar-
riage solemnised

(12th of November) A Parliament Restitution in Blood of
Cardinal Pole

(20th of November) Arrival of Pole as Legate
(29th of November) Reconciliation of the Realm to the
Catholic Communion, solemnised under his Auspices 313

Marriage of Mary Stuart to the Dauphin; Philip's jealousy

-

- 312

- 312

A.D.

Page

of France henceforward rendered it his Policy to pre-
serve Elizabeth as a Check to the Claims of France
through Mary

Elizabeth transferred to Hatfield

Revival of the Statutes against Heretics

1555.

- 315

- 316

- 317

- 319 320-321

(January) Ecclesiastical Commission for the Trial of Pro

(February) Martyrdom of Hooper and Rogers
Gardiner, dismayed at the popular Outcry, withdraws from
Bloodshed, but Bonner prosecutes the System
Question of Church Property; Mary restores what re-
mained in the Hands of the Crown; but it was deemed
imprudent to raise Enemies by recalling the rest
Continued Persecution

321

- 322

- 323

- 324

(October) Martyrdom of Latimer and Ridley
Cranmer, his Recantation; his Penitential Recall of
it followed by a courageous Death, (22d of March
1556)

Pole installed Archbishop of Canterbury on the same
Day
Estimate of the Numbers of the Sufferers during the con-
tinuance of the Persecution
Many Fugitives seek an Asylum among Foreign Protest-
ants

The Principles which actuated them; their important In-
fluence in the succeeding Generation on Thrones and
Kingdoms

Persecutions in the Netherlands

Foreign Affairs; Philip leaves England as soon as the
prospect of Children by Mary ceases

335

1555.

(25th of October) He succeeds to the Belgic Provinces
through the Resignation of his Father

335

1557.

He revisits England, and obtains from Mary a Declaration
of War against France

Embassy from the Emperor of Russia, Ivan Vassilowitch
II.
(10th of August) Battle of St. Quentin, in which the
French are totally defeated by the Spanish and English
Troops

(January) Calais taken by the French

(September) Death of Charles V.

The last act of Mary's Reign was the Despatch of Am-
bassadors to negotiate a general Peace at Cambray; na-
ture of the Treaty concluded in the March following
- 343
Religious and Political State of Europe; alarm of Kings
at the Growth of the Reformation; Conferences between
the Cardinals Granville and Lorrain; the secret Designs