Table 29.-EXPENDITURES FOR VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION AND FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF WORLD WAR II VETERANS FOR THE 1948-49 SCHOOL YEAR 1 Chapter V EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OF OTHER FEDERAL OFFICES ALMOS LMOST ALL of the Federal departments, agencies, and offices, have educational interests and spend money for educational purposes. These programs vary from small amounts expended for in-service training of employees to large appropriations used in providing educational services for thousands of students. The wide scope of the Federal interest in education is revealed by the figures in table 1. In this chapter are presented descriptions and data pertaining to Federal funds for educational purposes administered by 11 departments and agencies of the Federal Government. Amounts for education, expended by these offices, are often difficult to separate from other parts of their budgets. Consequently, the figures are incomplete, and in some instances the amounts expended for education were unobtainable. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION Figures in table 1 indicate that the Atomic Energy Commission is spending significant amounts of money for contract research. Contracts are arranged with individual universities and with groups of universities for research and also for research training or fellowship programs. The Commission's Division of Research is responsible for the development and supervision of research in the physical sciences in AEC installations and outside organizations. The National Research Council of the National Academy of Science administers the fellowship program which was established by the Commission in January 1948. CONTRACT RESEARCH The Atomic Energy Commission contracts for basic unclassified research in the physical sciences in university and college laboratories, currently at an annual rate of about 6.5 million dollars. These contracts are for two kinds of research: (a) Research to solve a particu 1 United States Atomic Energy Commission. Seventh Semiannual Report. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1950. Pp. 144-148. lar problem, such as one dealing with reactor design or isotope separation. On such an assignment the Commission seeks the services of specific scientists and usually pays the full costs. (b) Basic research undertaken to add to the general fund of knowledge applicable to atomic energy development. A procedure has been adopted for submitting proposals to the Atomic Energy Commission for basic research under the management of universities and colleges which have capable scientists and are willing to expand or continue a research program. Approvals of proposals are given if projects are of interest in the development of atomic energy. The fact that proposals funnel through the management of universities enables the institutions to assure themselves control over the volume of research. A university proposal to the Commission for the mutual support of a research project is studied by Commission scientists who consider many factors before making a decision that the work should be supported by Commission funds. Such factors are: (1) Scientific achievements already made by the university and scientist concerned, and the probability of continued research performance; (2) importance of the proposed project to atomic energy development; (3) general need of the AEC for more persons trained in a particular field of study; (4) financial condition of the university and the relationship that additional research funds might have to program expansion; (5) likelihood that information affecting the security of the Nation will be developed; and (6) feasibility of providing the safeguards that might become necessary. FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM To July 1950, nearly 500 fellowships have been granted at a total cost to the Government of about $1,200,000. The Commission, through the National Research Council, granted fellowships for the 1948-49 and 1949-50 academic years in five categories: predoctoral research fellowships in (1) physical and in (2) biological sciences; and postdoctoral fellowships in (3) physical, (4) medical, and (5) biological sciences. In the 1950-51 academic year, postdoctoral fellowships will be offered through the National Research Council, only for advanced training in fields of research closely related to the national atomic energy program. OPERATION OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS In addition to the educational activities of the Atomic Energy Commission described here, the Commission also operates or arranges for the operation of public educational programs for children at or near Oak Ridge, Tenn.; Richland, Wash.; and other places where large numbers of people are engaged in atomic energy developments. Figures on these expenditures for operations or for contracted educational services have not been secured for this report. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Educational programs administered by the Department of Commerce cover a wide range of interests. The programs receiving most attention include those related to weather, aviation, small business, inter-American relationships, and Philippine rehabilitation. Expenditures for educational purposes are not separable from those for total services and consequently are not given here. The Department of Commerce maintains essential services to the Nation through its program of studying and reporting on weather. In this connection, funds are provided for in-service training of employees, for sending selected employees to the colleges and universities for special training in meteorology, and for contracts with certain universities to conduct research in meteorology. Other funds are expended on educational programs of the Civil Aeronautics Administration. Promotion of aviation education in the public schools and colleges requires the expenditure of money for the salaries of Federal employees who conduct the program and for the preparation of curriculum materials that may be useful in developing air-age interests for the elementary and secondary school students. An extension service is offered as another function of the Department of Commerce to aid people who are engaged in "small business." Through cooperation with colleges and universities, counseling for "small business" proprietors is provided in the local communities throughout the Nation. Using funds transferred from the Department of State, Commerce provides subsistence and tuition for technicians included in the InterAmerican Exchange of Persons Program. Other funds transferred from the Department of State have been used in the rehabilitation of Philippine schools. The Department of Commerce has also assisted with the training of Philippine Government employees in aviation and in meteorology. THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION In accordance with the recommendations in the President's reorganization plan No. 21, the former United States Maritime Commission became a part of the Department of Commerce in May 1950. This organization operates the United States Maritime Service, a merchant marine cadet-officer training program, and, in addition, supervises State marine and civilian nautical schools. Federal schools.-There are 3 federally operated merchant marine schools for the training and upgrading of officers and seamen for the merchant fleet. The United States Maritime Service Institute offers correspondence and extension courses for licensed and unlicensed personnel of the merchant marine. State schools.-The State Marine School Act of 1911 promoted nautical education by authorizing Federal aid "to be used for the benefit of any nautical school, and any school or college having a nautical branch" in any of 11 seaport cities named in the act. As early as 1874 the Secretary of the Navy was authorized to furnish, if requested by a State governor, a fully equipped vessel for use by such colleges. Navy personnel could be furnished for supervision or instruction in the schools and Federal funds were appropriated. The act required that the Federal funds be matched by a State or municipality, but the Federal money could not exceed $25,000 for any one school per year. In 1941 the supervision of these schools, which are known as State Maritime Academies, was transferred from the Navy to the United States Maritime Commission. Four States have such academies at the present time-California, Maine, Massachusetts, and New York. Pennsylvania closed its academy several years ago. A summary of the expenditures for the education of merchant marine personnel during the past 9 years is presented in table 30. These figures show all costs of education including training obtained through correspondence courses. Table 30.-FEDERAL FUNDS EXPENDED FOR THE EDUCATION OF MERCHANT MARINE PERSONNEL, 1941-42-1949-501 1 Data supplied by the U. S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE The training of military personnel for defense of the Nation and for participation in war activities is a major function of the Depart |