Bartholomew-Henry III.-League of Peronne-Assas-

sination of Henry III.-Henry of Navarre abjures the

Protestant Faith, and is crowned in 1594-State of France

-Character of Henry IV.-His Assassination in 1610.

-Page 65.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND IN THE REIGNS OF ELIZABETH,

AND MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS:-Personal Enmity of

Elizabeth and Mary-Reformation in Scotland-Re-

gency of Mary of Guise-John Knox-Intervention of

England-Confession of Faith ratified by Parliament—

Mary arrives in Scotland-Artful Measures of Elizabeth

in Scotland-Murder of Rizzio-of Darnley-Forced

Abdication of Mary-James VI. proclaimed-Battle of

Langsyde-Mary imprisoned in England-Executed,

1587-Ambitious Schemes of the Earl of Essex-Death

and Character of Elizabeth.-Page 82.

CHAPTER Xxix.

GREAT BRITAIN in the Reigns of JAMES I. and CHARLES I.

-Accession of James VI, of Scotland to the Throne of

England-Change of popular Feeling on the Rights of

the Subject-Gunpowder Plot-His unworthy Favourites

-Pacific Reign-Death-Charles I.-Differences with

his first Parliament-Petition of Rights-Religious

Innovations attempted in England and Scotland aug-

ment the discontents-The National Covenant-Pro-

ceedings of Charles's last Parliament-Impeachment

and Execution of Strafford-Bill passed declaring Par-

liament perpetual-Catholic Rebellion in Ireland made

a Pretext for the Parliament levying an Army-Bench

of Bishops impeached and imprisoned—King impeaches

five Members of the House of Commons-Civil War-

Solemn League and Covenant-Scots co-operate with

Parliament-Cromwell-Battle of Naseby-Cromwell

turns the Army against the Parliament-Trial and Ex-

ecution of Charles-Reflections.-Page 108.

CHAPTER XXX.

COMMONWEALTH OF ENGLAND, REIGNS OF CHARLES II.

AND JAMES II.:-Charles II. acknowledged King in

Scotland and Ireland-Marquis of Montrose-Cromwell

defeats the Scots at Dunbar-Battle of Worcester-Na-

vigation Act-Cromwell dissolves the Parliament by

violence, and puts an end to the Republic-Barebones'

Parliament-Cromwell named Lord Protector - His

successful Administration-Death-Richard his Son re-

signs the Protectorate-the Rump Parliament-Disunion

in the Council of Officers-General Monk-Charles II.

proclaimed-Profuse and voluptuous Reign-War with

Holland and France-Plague and Fire of London-

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle-Alarms of Popery-Titus

Oates-Bill excluding the Duke of York from the Crown

-Habeas Corpus Act-Distinction of Whig and Tory

first used-Conspiracy of Russell, Sidney, and Mon-

mouth-Death of Charles-James II.—Monmouth be-

headed-Violent Measures of James excite the Disgust

of all Parties-William, Prince of Orange― James

escapes to the Continent-Crown settled on the Prince

and Princess of Orange-Declaration fixing the Con-

stitution.-Page 137.

CHAPTER XXXI.

ON THE CONSTITUTION OF ENGLAND:-Historical Sketch of,

up to the Revolution-The Legislative Power-Constitu-

tion of the House of Commons-House of Peers-The

Executive Power-Powers of the Crown now limited-

Habeas Corpus Act-Trial by Jury-Liberty of the

Press.-Page 169.

CHAPTER XXXII.

HISTORY OF FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XIII., AND OF

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL UNDER PHILIP III. and IV.:-

Mary de Medicis Regent-Siege of Rochelle-Cardinal

Richelieu-Death of Louis XIII.-Spain-Philip III.—

Philip IV.-Degraded State of Spain-Portugal throws

off the Spanish Yoke-Constitution of Portugal-Con-

stitution of Spain.-Page 196.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

GERMANY FROM THE ABDICATION OF CHARLES V. TO THE

PEACE OF WESTPHALIA. Ferdinand I.—Thirty Years'

War-Ferdinand II.-Palatinate laid waste-Gustavus

Adolphus-Ferdinand III.-Peace of Westphalia.—

Page 210.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XIV.-Anne of Austria Regent-

Cardinal Mazarin - Condé-Turenne -War of the

Fronde-Cardinal de Retz-Treaty of the Pyrenees and

of Oliva-Christina, Queen of Sweden-Peace of Breda

-Wars in Flanders-Triple Alliance-Sabatei Sevi—

Louis attacks Holland-Death of Turenne-Peace of

Minequar-Revocation of the Edict of Nantes-Louis

continues the War in Germany-Peace of Ryswick-

Spanish Succession-Prince Eugene-War with Eng-

land-Marlborough-Battle of Blenheim-Gibraltar

taken by the English-Battle of Ramillies-Louis's

Schemes in favour of the Stuarts-Successes cf the Allies

-Battle of Malplaquet-Humiliation of Louis-Battle

of Villa Viciosa restores Philip to the Throne of Spain-

Peace of Utrecht, 1713-Peace of Radstadt-Constitution

of France under the Monarchy.-Page 217.

-

CHAPTER XXXV.

PETER THE GREAT, CZAR OF MUSCOVY, AND CHARLES

XII. OF SWEDEN:-Origin of the Russian Empire-

Siberia conquered-Rapid extension in Asia-Peter the

Great-Forms the first small Body of regular Troops-

Equips a Fleet-Travels in search of Knowledge-Re-

turns to Russia-His vast Innovations-Charles XII. of

Sweden - Confederacy against— Defeats the Russians

in the Battle of Narva-Invades Poland-Takes Warsaw

and Cracow Places Stanislaus on the Throne-Invades

the Ukraine-Is defeated at Pultowa-Taken Prisoner

by the Turks- Returns to his Dominions- Killed at

Frederickshal-Character-Peter the Great puts his

Son to Death-Death of Peter-Internal Improvements

of his Empire.-Page 253.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

VIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE AND Literature IN

EUROPE, FROM THE END OF THE FIFTEENTH TO THE

END OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY:-Progress of

Philosophy-Lord Bacon-Experimental Philosophy—

Des Cartes-Galileo-Kepler-Logarithms-Circulation

of the Blood-Royal Society of London instituted-Sir

Isaac Newton-Locke-Progress of Literature-Epic

Poetry - Ariosto Tasso-Milton-Lyric Poetry -

Drama-English and French-History.-Page 276.

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