The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before PascalJohns Hopkins University Press, 27 июл. 2001 г. - Всего страниц: 497 How did we make reliable predictions before Pascal and Fermat's discovery of the mathematics of probability in 1654? What methods in law, science, commerce, philosophy, and logic helped us to get at the truth in cases where certainty was not attainable? In The Science of Conjecture, James Franklin examines how judges, witch inquisitors, and juries evaluated evidence; how scientists weighed reasons for and against scientific theories; and how merchants counted shipwrecks to determine insurance rates. The Science of Conjecture provides a history of rational methods of dealing with uncertainty and explores the coming to consciousness of the human understanding of risk. "A remarkable book. Mr. Franklin writes clearly and exhibits a wry wit. But he also ranges knowledgeably across many disciplines and over many centuries."—Wall Street Journal "The Science of Conjecture opens an old chest of human attempts to draw order from havoc and wipes clean the rust from some cast-off classical tools that can now be reused to help build a framework for the unpredictable future."—Science "Franklin's style is clear and fluent, with an occasional sly Gibbonian aside to make the reader chuckle."—New Criterion James Franklin is a professor in the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of New South Wales. |
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... proof , on the basis merely of a phrase in the Digest to the effect that " reputation when in agreement confirms❞ the truth of a matter.34 The passage of Azo just quoted ... proof as half - proof . The The Medieval Law of Evidence 19.
... proof and full proof , instead of calling all such things half - proof . Sarcasms abound in their works on the idea that private documents constitute half - proof , since that would allow anyone to fabricate half a proof for himself ...
... proof in civil and criminal cases : " In criminal cases proof ought to be superior in three ways . First , in admissibility , because the witnesses should be questioned with greater subtlety , as per Novels 90.5 and Digest 22.5.4 . Then ...
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The Ancient Law of Proof 1 | 1 |
Presumptions 7 Indian Law | 10 |
Renaissance Law | 40 |
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