otherwise so impossible. "Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father who is in heaven is perfect."

5. Finally our doctrine reveals and restores the true relationship between Christ and humanity. Man is related fraternally to the whole nature of Christ, and not merely to a part. Christ is our brother in his divine as well as human nature; since these in him are one and identical.

This, indeed,

is involved in the fact, so little believed or understood, that God is our Father, as well as the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. But this truth comes home to us as a new revelation when he that is the only begotten Son, who dwelt in the bosom of the Father before the world was, becomes man, and lives a human life, is crucified, killed, and buried; when he rises from the dead, and the first word after his resurrection -that miracle of miracles which would seem to separate him totally from the human-the first word is, "Go and tell my brethren, that I ascend unto my father and your father, to my God and your God." What does this word impart, but what the church rejoices to believe, that Christ is not less human now in his kingdom of glory than when here on earth; and certainly he is not less divine.

What, too, does his glorified humanity import, but that he is now reinstated with the same glory which he had with the Father before the world was-the glory of a divine humanity, -the only difference being, that now he is not only one with God, but one also with the actual human race he has redeemed; and therefore they are now, and are hereafter to be, more perfectly one with him, and to reign with him in his glory forever? "That they all may be one, as thou Father art in me and I in thee, that they also may be one in us."

ARTICLE II.-FREDERICK PERTHES.

Memoirs of Frederick Perthes; or, Literary, Religious and Political Life in Germany, from 1789 to 1843. From the German of CLEMENT THEODORE PERTHES, Professor of Law in the University of Bonn. Edinburgh: T. Constable & Co. New York: Charles Scribner. Larger edition, two vols. pp. 448, 491. Smaller edition, one vol., pp. 400.

It seems but yesterday, although it was some seven years ago, that we saw in the publishing house of Andrew Perthes, at Gotha, Germany, a quantity of proof sheets of a forthcoming biography of his father. We were impressed at the time with the fine spirit of the son, his capacity for business, quietly shown though it was, and the noble aim which actuated him in the selection of works for the market, and the strong desire to mold, rather than to follow, the public taste. As he took his breakfast, a plain baker's roll and a glass of wine, he chatted pleasantly about an edition of Pliny that had long been in preparation, about a forthcoming work on Egyptian archæology, and the many works which his father had planned and had left him to execute. But though we sat with the proof sheets of the father's biography on the table before us, and though we had long known the name of Frederick Perthes as the great publisher of modern Germany, we could gain no conception of the wonderful power and charm of his life, and little thought that before us was the record of a career so noble, so heroic, so abounding in all that is gentle as well as in all that is strong, that it would be to us hereafter like the biography of a new friend, that we should find in it more practical sense, more traces of domestic love, and as plain a seal of life, practical indeed and full of work, but consecrated to God and high ends, as we have ever met in the records of any other man's career.

The character of Frederick Perthes was so many-sided, his

relations to the world so numerous and so diverse, that the writer who attempts to give an epitome of his biography is at a loss which phase to touch first and which to present with the most fullness of detail. For Perthes was at the head of the vast book trade of Germany, and the relations of such a man to great authors must always be interesting. He was the personal friend of the most eminent Germans, saving Schiller, of the late period of great genius and great attainments; he was a man singularly happy in his family; he was one of the foremost among patriots in the dark days of German liberty; he was a thorough Christian, of the Arnold stamp; he was a man so singularly practical that we find it hard to think of him as a German, and so thoroughly German that we find it hard to believe that he could be so intensely practical.

Frederick Christopher Perthes was born at Rudolfstadt, the 21st of April, 1772. His father he never saw; his mother died when he was but seven years old. Under the care of a maternal uncle who was equally kind and poor, he spent the first years of his childhood. The boy had little aptitude for regular study; but a great passion for reading, which he was able abundantly to gratify. Several volumes of the history of the world in quarto, and the twenty-one parts of "Travels by Land and Sea," employed his time from his tenth to his fourteenth year. Of course he read Robinson Crusoe and then Don Quixote, which filled his imagination. The mass of knowledge which he gained was partially digested by the perusal of Schröck's History of the World, and by the care of his uncle he did not degenerate into a mere boy of books. In his fourteenth year his poverty made it necessary to choose a calling for him. His uncle Justus Perthes, a name familiar to-day to the purchasers of Sprüner's and Stieler's maps, was a successful publisher and bookseller at Gotha, and it was natural for his guardian to think of that business for the boy. Accordingly he was taken to Leipzig to seek a master. Mr. Ruprecht would have engaged him had he been able to conjugate the verb amo. But this was too much for young Perthes. Mr. Siegert thought he was "too shy for the book trade," but Mr. Böhme, a Leipzig bookseller, was disposed to take the boy,

but said he must go home for a year first. The year passed and Frederick returned, almost as young looking as ever, to live at Leipzig. With Böhme Perthes had a hard time. The mistress drank too much. Böhme himself was a stern, rugged soul, and the accommodations of Perthes in the garret were not all luxurious. He had one little room, up four flights of stairs, so filled with beds and stools, table and trunks, that the boy could hardly turn round in it. Tea and sugar, bread and wood were doled out daily as to prisoners. Perthes writes to his uncle, "I have a half-penny roll in the morningI find this to be scanty allowance. In the afternoon from one to eight, we have not a morsel-that is what I call hunger; I think we ought to have something." On Sunday the boy had to go early to church, and to none but St. Peter's, and a couple of hours Sunday afternoon was the only time given him for freedom and recreation. Böhme had a beautiful daughter twelve years of age, and of course with her the poor boy soon fell in love. The devoted attachment which sprang up between them, as pure as it was ardent, was the only source of real joy to Perthes. Through the many years of penury, hard labor and solitude and loneliness of heart, and amid the seductions of a Leipzig life, his love for this amiable girl kept him pure. Then was the "Sturm und Drang" period of German life, and Perthes many years later, in a letter to one of his friends, attributes to this boyish love his preservation from temptation. Perthes was a genuine type of German youth, and we should love, should our space permit, to picture on these pages the development of thought, the true and deep sentiment, and high animal spirits that characterize the young men of Germany. His love for Frederica gained new freedom, a fondness for the beautiful developed itself with great strength, and his imagination kindled into great activity. He began to get an insight into the nature of the book trade; he became acquainted with the names of authors and the relative merits of scientific books, and from the orders continually pouring in, he began to form an idea of the literary necessities of Germany in general, and to gain some conception of the wants of various districts.

The time after nine o'clock at night was Perthes's own, and notwithstanding the fatigue of each day's work he tried to gain, so far as he could, a systematic education. He studied Kant, Reinhard's system of morality, and Doedelein's Dogmatic Divinity, but most of all Cicero de Officiis. From the reading of these books Perthes gained principles and motives of action that helped him much, yet they did not supply him with that vital Christianity which he gained so fully and used so well at a later day. About this time there appeared the first indications of the French revolution. The influence of the Jacobin party was felt in all the countries of Europe. The young men of Germany caught the craving for liberty, and Perthes, with his free and youthful spirit and deep sympathy with the advance of the human race, eagerly watched its progress. But the extreme measures to which the revolution led, at length disgusted him, and in his mature and later years he was a sincere monarchist. Perthes spent six years at Leipzig, and then a favorable opening presenting itself for him to settle at Hamburgh, he chose that as his permanent home. He was now entering on the mature years of his life. His habits were well formed, and by his honesty and his faithfulness he had gained many friends at Leipzig.

He carried his love for Frederika with him, and in his first letter to his Leipzig friends he says, "I still live wholly in the past and am now first aware how fondly I love Frederika; she is ever the center round which all my thoughts turn." His passion was deepened by a singular rivalry between himself and one of Böhme's clerks, singular in this respect that though Nessig and Perthes were intoxicated with love, their relations to each other were almost fraternal. Perthes wrote to Nessig in such noble strains as this: "You may have secrets from me, but nothing, nothing may you conceal of your thoughts and feelings regarding me. Here the least reserve would be the grave of friendship. Keep back neither doubt nor reproach; write all, even though it may cost me many a bitter tear."

The story of this boyish love is as fascinating in the memoirs of Perthes as is Goethe's love for Frederika, the old pastor's