Advertising. See also Media expectancies, 133 influence on drinking, 139–140, 141 Affective model prevention programs, 270 Aftercare role in alcoholism treatment, 331-332 fatal motor vehicle crashes, 12, 239, 240 Aggression. See also Violence alcohol effect on, 120, 246 patemal alcoholism and, 75-76 Aging process, detection of alcohol use and, 24 AIDS. See Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Airline pilots, 242-243 alcohol use patterns, 28-29 Albumin cognitive deficits and, 184 liver damage and, 166, 170 Alcohol, definition, 147, 157 Alcohol abuse. See also Alcohol dependence; cost-of-illness studies, 254–258 diagnostic criteria, 18, 38, 64, 299, 324 prevalence, 18 productivity losses, 256 Alcohol-attributable fractions, 13–14 Alcohol-behavioral marital therapy, 330 Alcohol dehydrogenase, 73 conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde, 147, 157-158 first-pass metabolism and, 150–151 subunits, 149–151, 158 Alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes, 148, 152 definition, 1 diagnostic criteria, 18, 64, 65, 299, 324 dopamine receptors and, 97 physiological dependence, 96-97 prevalence, 18 psychological dependence, 96 withdrawal, 97-100 Alcohol dependence syndrome, 321, 324 anxiolytic effects of alcohol, 120 serotonergic interactions, 69 anxiolytic effects of alcohol, 120 reinforcing properties of alcohol, 67 serotonergic interactions, 69 stimulatory effects of alcohol, 116 tolerance to alcohol, 70 Alcohol-related birth defects genetic factors, 205 prevention, 210-212 Alcohol Screening Questionnaire, 306 Alcohol-seeking behavior, animal studies, 66-68 Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, 302, Alcohol Use Inventory, 327, 340 Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. See also Withdrawal from alcohol anxiogenic effects, 182 seizures, 181 symptoms, 181 treatment, 181-182 Alcoholic cirrhosis. See Cirrhosis Alcoholic dementia, Wernicke-Korsakoff comparison, 182-183, 185 Alcoholic fibrosis, 165 Alcoholic hepatitis, 165 Alcoholics Anonymous, 260-261, 329, 332, 338 Aldehyde dehydrogenase acetaldehyde metabolism, 152 alcohol metabolism and, 73 oxidation of acetaldehyde and, 168 oxidation process, 147 Aldehyde oxidase, 168 ALDH. See Aldehyde dehydrogenase ALKO Nonalcohol rats, 117 Alternative RNA splicing, 88, 90, 97 mortality and alcohol use study, 15-16 Amino acids, 220 Y-aminobutyric acid, 68, 87 anxiolytic effects of alcohol, 120 aversive effects of alcohol, 120-121 AMPA. See α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- Amphetamine aggressiveness and, 120 BSR and, 114 stimulatory effects of alcohol and, 115 AMPS. See Alcohol Misuse Prevention Study Anorexia nervosa. See Eating disorders Antibodies adducts and, 170 surface-exposed adducts and, 153–154, 158 Antioxidant protective effects, 167, 168-169, 185 addiction treatment patients and, 42 course of alcoholism and, 48-49 DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria, 38 ECA comorbidity data, 39 psychotherapy for comorbid patients, 53 assessment instruments for detecting, 327 ECA comorbidity data, 39 ARBD. See Alcohol-related birth defects Arrhythmias, 174, 185 Ascorbic acid, 168 ASI. See Addiction Severity Index adolescent drinking patterns, 22, 138 prevention programs and, 278 Asians alcohol dehydrogenase subunits, 149, 150, 151, 158 Banshaku tradition in Japanese households, 28 mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase variant, 152, 158 Aspartate aminotransferase, 306, 328 BAC enhancement, 150, 158 Assaults. See Aggression; Violence Atenolol, 333 Atherosclerosis, 172 Ativan, 333 ATP. See Adenosine triphosphate Attention-deficit disorder, FAE and FAS and, 205 Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule AUDIT. See Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test Auditory seizures, 97 Australia, combined smoking and alcohol Aversion therapy, 331 Aversive effects of alcohol, 120-121 AVP. See Arginine vasopressin Axons, 87 B B cells, 175, 176 B-MAST screening test, 302 BAC. See Blood alcohol concentration GABAA and, 89 stimulus properties, 119 women and, 340 Basic and applied research distinction, 279 advertising influence on, 140 minimum drinking age effect on, 280 per capita, 4 price effect on, 280 Behavior, genetic and environmental interactions, 75-76 Behavior therapy, comorbid patients and, 52 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 20 alcohol withdrawal and, 97, 181, 333 stimulus properties, 119 Berkson's fallacy, 38, 40 Beta-adrenergic blockers, 333 Beverage alcohol. See Ethanol Bibliotherapy, 307, 309 Bicultural skills prevention programs, 278 Bidirectional model of comorbidity, 44, 47, 54 Biochemical markers for susceptibility to Borderline personality disorder, 45 Brain. See also Central nervous system neurons, 86-88 prenatal alcohol exposure and, 214–215 Brain growth spurt, 214–215 Brain imaging techniques, 85, 100–102, 180–181, Brain stem, 86 Brain stimulation reward, 114-115 Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, Breast cancer, 177-178 Breath analysis, 236-237, 282-283, 298, 303 BRFS. See Behavioral Risk Factors Survey Brief interventions advantages, 309-310 alcohol use diaries, 309, 327 barriers, 310-311 clinical studies, 307-310 description, 307 effectiveness, 307 implementing, 310-311 physician referral effectiveness, 309 verbal or written contracts, 309 Bromocriptine, 334-335 Brown adipose tissue, 157 BSR. See Brain stimulation reward Buffalo Women's Health Study, 206-207, 208, 209 Bulimia nervosa. See Eating disorders Burns. See also Fires alcohol role, 233 BAC of victims, 237 Buspirone C alcoholism treatment, 335 anxiolytic effects of alcohol, 120 comorbid patients and, 52 CAGE, 11, 300–301, 303 Calcium carbamide, 334 Calcium channels, alcohol withdrawal and, 69 scale, 136 CAMP. See Cyclic adenosine monophosphate combined smoking and alcohol intervention pregnant women alcohol use study, 206, 207, screening programs, 298 Canadian Indians FAS incidence, 204 prevention programs, 24 |