Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, 212, 300 Minimum drinking age laws, 12, 239, 280-281 Minority populations. See also Racial or ethnic prevention programs, 276-278 Mitochondria aspartate aminotransferase, 306 Asian variant, 152, 158 Molecular biology research techniques, 67-68, 73 comorbid patients and, 52 Morbidity and mortality. See also Mortality rates; alcohol-attributable fractions and, 13 knowledgeable informants, 13, 15 years of potential life lost, 16 alcohol drinking and, 122 intravenously administered alcohol comparison, 117 voluntary versus involuntary drug administration, 115 Mortality rates cardiovascular disease, 172 cirrhosis, 11-12, 29, 165 liver disease in Western countries, 166–167 Mothers Against Drunk Driving, 12 Motor function effects of alcohol, 115 prenatal alcohol exposure and, 213 Motor vehicle crashes. See also Aviation crashes alcohol advertising influence, 140 alcohol and increased injury risk, 239-240 BAC of victims, 237 day-and-time variations, 234–235 dram shop liability laws and, 283 fatalities, 238 impaired-driving population variables, 241 minimum drinking age laws and, 281 price of alcohol and, 279 random roadside breath testing, 282-283 Mouth cancers, 177 MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging mRNA. See Messenger ribonucleic acid N Na+/K+ pumps, 156 NAD+ alcohol dehydrogenase subunits and, 150 conversion to NADH, 154 functions, 147-148 NADH. See Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH/NAD+ ratio, 154–155 Naloxone, 335 Naltrexone, 335 Narcotics Anonymous, 338 National Adolescent Student Health Survey, 22-23 National Alcohol Surveys gender differences, 20 oversampling of Hispanics, 26 racial and ethnic differences in alcohol use social consequences of alcohol use, 16–18, National Cancer Institute, smoking cessation programs, 311 National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey, 319 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey alcohol taxes and, 279-280 minimum drinking age, 280–281 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, National Health Interview Promotion and Disease Prevention survey, 210 National Health Interview Survey, Alcohol Supplements description, 5 ECA comparison, 18, 19 gender differences, 20 prenatal alcohol exposure, 205 racial or ethnic differences, 25 National Hospital Discharge Survey, 11 Nationwide Personal Transportation Study, 241 alcohol use patterns, 28-29 FAS and FAE, 204, 205 FAS prevention program, 211 high school students alcohol use patterns, 22 Natural causes deaths, BAC levels, 234 Natural killer cells, 176, 177 Negative reinforcement effects of alcohol, 66-67 motivation stress response dampening, 131–132 Neurologic disorders acute effects of alcohol, 181 alcohol withdrawal syndrome, 181-182, 186 chronic effects of alcohol, 182-184 cognitive deficits, 180-181, 182-183, 184–185 Neurons cell membrane, 88 description, 86-87 prenatal alcohol exposure and, 215 Neutrophils, hepatitis role, 170-171 NHANES. See National Health and Nutrition NHIS. See National Health Interview Survey NMDA. See N-methyl-D-aspartate alcohol reinforcement role, 118-119 Norepinephrine, 95-96, 185, 218-219, 332 Normative Aging Study, 23 Nucleus accumbens, 86 dopamine action, 118 Nursing homes, comorbidity data, 41 Nutritional deficiencies. See also High-fat diet Opiates alcohol reinforcement role, 118-119 BSR and, 114 differences in brains of P and NP rats, 118 Ottawa Prenatal Prospective Study, 206, 207, 208 Oxidation process, 147 Oxygen deficiency role in liver damage, 171 Р P300 waveform, 72 Pacific Islanders, 319 Pancreatitis, 171–172 Parent Communication Project, 272 Parent Effectiveness Training, 272 Parental drinking. See also Children of alcoholic adolescent drinking and, 136–138, 269 early childhood knowledge about alcohol, 133 Parenting practices adolescent behaviors and, 137-138 adolescent drinking and, 269 antisocial behavior role, 138 Patch clamp recording technique, 85, 92 Patient factors in treatment assessment, 325–328 diagnosis of alcohol abuse and dependence, 320-325 pretreatment characteristics, 328-329 Patient-treatment matching, 335, 340–341 PCP. See Phencyclidine Peer influences, 138-139, 141, 269 PEI. See Personal Experience Inventory Pentylenetetrazole, stimulus properties, 119 Perceived Benefit of Drinking and Drug Use Peroxisomes, lipids and, 168 adolescent drinking, 135–136, 141, 268 PET. See Positron emission tomography Pharmacological interventions alcohol-sensitizing agents, 333-334 alcohol withdrawal management, 332-333 anticraving agents, 334-335 for comorbid patients, 51-52 Phencyclidine, NMDA and, 92 Phobias, addiction treatment patients and, 42, 43 Phosphatidyl choline, 155 Phospholipid adducts, 153 Physical anomalies of FAS, 203, 205-206, 208, 210 Platelets, 156 Pleasure as alcohol drinking reinforcement, 132 Pneumonia, 176 Polydrug abuse, 121-122. See also Psychiatric Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 170-171 Positional alcohol nystagmus, 243 Positive reinforcement effects of alcohol, 66 180-181, 183, 186 description, 85 Posttraumatic stress disorder, comorbidity Prenatal alcohol exposure immune system effects, 218-219 neonatal and regulatory behavioral effects, 213-214 neuroanatomical effects, 214-215 neurochemical effects, 215-216 neuroendocrine system effects, 216–218 sensorimotor effects, 212-213 Prevention paradox, 279 Prevention programs. See also Brief interventions BAC estimation, 273 community-based programs, 286-287, 288 dram shop liability, 283-285, 288 individuals as targets, 268–278 minority populations, 276-278, 288 public health perspective, 267-268 school-based programs, 268–272, 287-288 warning labels, 273-275, 288 women as targets, 275–276, 288 workplace programs, 285-286, 288 Price of alcohol, effect on consumption, Prisons, comorbidity data, 41 |