and disproportioned cerebellar development. These children were marvellous for their agility of movement during life, and for absence of all power of concentrative attention; thus confirming the observations of Flourens, and discrediting the usual phrenologic locations.

In the sensible appetency, there are, moreover, passions, vicious and virtuous, of which phrenology says nothing. According to the impressions which the sensible appetency receives from objects, it is thrown into the different states of love, hatred, desire, aversion, joy, sadness: these are the concupiscible passions, while the irascible comprises hope, despair, fear, audacity, and anger. Vices and virtues of this animal order result from the moral state of the impulsion. The four chief virtues are prudence, justice, temperance, and courage. Each has its opposite vice.

There remains to be examined in the sensible appetite, whether the habitual impulsion be hereditary or individual; and the impulse that of deliberate volition or animal spontaneity. We merely indicate problems, this being no place to discuss them at length. But is not this sufficient to show how strangely phrenology deceives itself, when it pretends to map out completely the faculties of the soul?

Phrenology has good intentions; and in the work of M. Cubi, which, from his point of view, is very able, it exerts no slight seductions; but as a science, it has the very great fault of being isolated, which is next to being lost; for all human sciences must blend in harmony. In physiology, where it ought naturally to be ranked, no place is found for it — at least not in its present condition; for each attempt to theorize upon its data has been promptly defeated by anatomy. It pretends to teach philosophy the faculties of the soul, while in truth it could but gain by learning them of this elder sister.

Not only is phrenology isolated, but it is not constituted in itself, and its language denotes this chaotic condition. It is with sciences as with peoples-the language of either attests its constitution.

The nomenclature of phrenology is a confused mixture of all sorts of things, floundering in the vague between the incomplete and unfixed, or drowning itself in multiplied explanations and comments upon those explanations. It has indeed invented words, an ill-fledged and graceless neologism; but these are not a language.

It lacks formulas. Let it harmonize and formulize itself: this is the language which it ought to undertake. Since it takes ground as an experimental fact, let experimenters multiply, and fiat lux.

DRS. F. F. & M. E. L.

THE SACRED ARK AND THE HOLY FIRE.
[From Constant.]

ACCORDING to the Bible, when the Jews went into captivity, Jeremiah, the prophet of tears, hid the sacred Fire in the bottom. of a cistern, and the holy Ark in the hollow of a rock, the entrance of which he closed with care. The Bible resembles that deep cistern in which the prophet buried sacred fire. Truth hides there at the bottom of symbols, and liberty under the allegories of the Law. The first human writing was formed of pictures, and the first human language composed of analogies. The essence of the WORD is judgment. Judgment implies discretion; the word is then essentially free. When man, deluded by the folly of power, began to tyrannize over speech, the word was fain to conceal itself in mysterious allegories, to seek analogies more abstruse, images less accessible to the common mind. Egypt then invented her hieroglyphics, and seeking in animal forms for passional analogies, composed that human synthesis of which the Sphynx resumes the mystery, standing unmoved before the doubt of Science, and which raised to the heavens, through the divinity of their trials and their love, the radiant spouses, Isis and Osiris.

The lyre of Orpheus, which enchanted the stones and softened the heart of oaks, symbolized to Greece the power of Harmony: He sang, and the divine words issued from his mouth so living, so perfectly beautiful, so powerfully colored, that they rose to the skies, dived beneath the waves, slipped under the bark of oaks, and became nymphs, genii, goddesses and gods.

"For the world was built in order,

And the atoms march in tune;

Rhyme the pipe and Time the warder

Cannot forget the sun, the moon.

Orb and atom forth they prance

When they hear from far the Nine;

None so backward in the troop,

When the music and the dance
Reach his place and circumstance;
But knows the Sun-creating sound,

And, though a pyramid, will bound."*

The vulgar saw only the form, and materialized the thought. Idolatry was at all times and in all religions the worship of the dead letter; but for free and intelligent men the form is nothing without the thought that gives it life.

The words that I speak to you are spirit and life, said the first hierophant, in formulizing the divinest symbol. Christ spoke of the fraternal bread and wine as his flesh and his blood, which he gave for the salvation of the world. To eat of this flesh, and to drink of this blood, is to fulfil in uses the pledges of affection; it is to commune with Nature through humanity, with the earth in accomplishing our industrial destiny, through friendship, the life-spring of the new social order.

Brahminism, Hivaïsm, the hieroglyphical worship of Osiris, Hellenism, Mosaism and Christianity are the successive envelopes of one religious truth, the symbolic expression of which becomes more clear and is simplified in proportion as the human Word becomes diviner through emancipation.

At an epoch when humanity seemed ready to perish, buried beneath the ruins of Roman despotism, a man was born whom our religious symbols call the incarnate Word. The intelligence and the love of antecedent ages were resumed in him, and his teachings opened a new career to enlarged intelligence and to regenerated love; and he was called the God-made man, because by him Humanity was deified.

He was the type of human unity, and deserved, by his perfect devotion, to become the religious chief of universal association. He renounced willingly, through his affection for us, that flesh and blood which he had received from his mother; he gave his flesh to the torture and his blood to the earth, which drank it up, choosing only the bread and the wine of fraternal communion for his undying body and incorruptible blood. He was the incarnate word, as being the human form of the creative thought. This is not other than God, and the thought of God fixed in the human form may well be called God-made man.

Christ has come to teach the world that the highest human per

*See "The Talking Oak" of Tennyson.

fection lies in the greatest love; and in seeking to conform us to that perfection of which he is the type, he desires that we should become God, like himself, in the perfect expression of the creative thought, and the fulfilment of his will. Great and holy idea, of the communion of all men in kindness, justice and truth, of their union with God through the mediation of their spiritual Chief, on whose cross was nailed materialism, by whose agony selfishness was ruined, and from whose tomb ascended and diffused itself, the passion of humanity, of Human-Unity!*

Liberty had visited the world on that day, when it was said: Call no man master, for all ye are brethren; ye have all but one master, even God. Yet the emperors could hope, when they offered to the Church a shred of their purple and the shadow of their diadem, for a time when the Vicar of Christ would be called most Holy Father, and when the successors of the Apostles would graciously permit themselves to be addressed as "My Lord." These things exist, but the word of Christ has not changed, and it is this which will change the world. "Heaven and earth will pass away, but my word shall not pass away until all be fulfilled." Word of liberty and of fraternity! Eternal testament of martyrs! Sacred contract of human emancipation! Immutable Code, in which slaves and tyrants are condemned together! Divine title of universal nobility; woe to him who doth not understand thee! Woe to him who can doubt or dispute thee! But thrice woe to those who would corrupt thee and compel thee to lie in the interest of slavery!!

With the promulgation of the Gospel proceeds the true emancipation of the human race; and as the tree is known by its fruits, so where man is still oppressed by man the Gospel of peace and good will has not found rest for the sole of her foot. The republics of Sparta and of Rome were but military tyrannies that lived and that perished by the sword. The republics of our modern age are but commercial tyrannies that live and that perish by the purse. The intelligent association of Christian industry will seal their death warrant. Let the Gospel, then, be for us all-the Sacred Ark and the Holy Fire.

Let us not understand it like idolators, who worship the letter; let us remember that Christ has enveloped the growing truth in

The synonyms of this word are no other than Christianity, or Christ-Unity, and Deity, or Divinity, from Deus, or Divus, and unitas: God-Unity, or Godhead.

parables, as a babe in swaddling clothes. Initiated into their dear Lord's secrets, his disciples understood that when he died for man he lived anew in the human heart; wherefore, taking him as the symbol of unity, they wrote his mystic legend in the language of comparison and parable, familiar to the East. Thus to express the removal of that curse which rested over the birth of man, they preserved in their tradition the honors of virginity to the mother of Jesus. They showed the Holy Ghost itself as influencing the mysteries of conception, in order to teach men that true Love comes from God, is God himself, and that they will be the children of God, whenever they shall be born of true Love-unions. It is thus that they showed us Jesus surmounting alike the temptations of pride and of animal lusts, and ministered unto by angels in the desert, after having put to flight the evil spirit. Thus, in order to show us the power of the word, which creates the new Social World, they show us Jesus appeasing the tempest, healing the sick, reviving the dead, and multiplying food to nourish the people; for the word of the Gospel appeases the storms of rage, cures, the moral diseases of humanity, and can multiply, by fraternal association, that necessary food which is still insufficient for all.

Our Father who is in Heaven has not spoken to reason in order to confound reason! He has not descended from Heaven in order to set snares for men's souls! He has not deceived Humanity by pretending to desire the salvation of all, while rendering the greater number responsible for truths which he had not taught them to understand! He has not died at last, upon the cross, in order to ransom all men, then left the greater number to be lost, reserving merely a few priests and their imbecile acolytes!

It is because the Ark of the Holy Word has not yet been freed from its swaddling bands, because the lamp is covered by the bushel, that the people are sickened by this nonsense. It is because Liberty, soon banished from the corrupted Church, as Christ had been from the Synagogue, has wandered eighteen hundred years from solitude to solitude, and from exile to exile. And when she presents herself in cities where guardians of the old oppression watch, seated in their chairs of state, the doors are closed against her. When she would speak, they stifle her voice; and those who know her still speak of her only in symbolic and figurative terms.

M. E. L.