structures, 244; historic monu-
ments, 244-246; zones of protec-
tion, 247; espionage, 248, 249;
control of aircraft operations,
249; requisition of neutral air-
craft in enemy jurisdiction, 251;
confiscation of enemy aircraft,
251; treatment of belligerent
aircraft, 252, 254; neutral air-
craft, 253, 255-257; prisoners of
war, 253-257; belligerent and
neutral duties, 257-264; visit and
search, 264-272; capture, 272;
resistance to belligerent rights,
273, 277; unneutral service, 274,
277; illicit armament, 274, 277;
false marks, 274, 278; irregular
papers, 274, 278, 279; out of
course, 274, 278; carriage of con-
traband, 275, 278; blockade, 275,
278; change of nationality, 277,
278; rules applied by prize court,
280, 281, 283; destruction, 281-
282; definitions, 283; compensa-
tion and disputes, 287; penalties
for violation of rules, 288
Aircraft carriers, 258

Arbitration, International. See
International Arbitration.
Aristotle's Politics, 319, 357
Armaments, Limitation of, ix, 184
Armed Neutrality, 49, 55
Arms, as war essential, 9
Aronstein, Capt. C., naval adviser,
183

Art, monuments of, exception
from bombardment, 195
Artisans, spared in war, 7, 9
Assessors, in Permanent Court,
153, 154, 170

Atkinson, Lord, on confiscation of
private property, 19

Austin, John, definition of law, 292

Bacon, Lord, laws of war, 182;

simplification of law, 330, 346
Balance of Power, 310-311, 315
Balkan wars, 83, 94; sanguinary
aspects, 319, 321

Balloons, in war, 192, 193
Bar Association of City of New
York, resolution in favor of a
permanent international court,
101

matic agents, 297

Alabama claims, settlement, 42,

364

Alien Property Custodian, 22
Altamira, R., judge of Permanent

Court, 105, 107, 116

American Bar Association, 339
American Law Institute, xv, 346
American States, International
Union, 306

Ammunition, as war essential, 9
Ancient war, drafts on national
resources, 10

Ancipitis usus, question of con-
traband, 54

Anstey, John, arbitrator, 363
Anzilotti, D., judge of Permanent

Court, 105, 107

Arbitration, meaning of term in
international law, 96

Barbosa, Ruy, judge of Permanent
Court, 105, 106

Basdevant, M., French delegate,
183, 288

Bases, military or naval, bombard-
ment, 197, 198

Bavaria, war devastation, 11
Beaman, Middleton, legislative
drafting, 342

Beichmann, F. V. N., deputy
judge, 105, 107

Belligerent aircraft, forbidden to
enter neutral state, 258, 260
Belligerent radio stations, pro-
posed "zone of silence," 225
Bérard, M. Léon, report on classi-
cal studies, 354

Bering Sea Dispute, Paris award,
82

Blockade, aerial, 207, 275

48; Declaration of Paris, 50;
historical aspects, 53; American

Civil War, 67-68

Blocs, and dictatorships, 360
Bluntschli, draft of international
code, 324

Bodin, influence, 2

Bolivia, treaty against confiscation,

21

Bombardment, aerial, 192, 193;
American and British proposals,
194; "defended" place, 194;
combat area, 195; drafts and
counter-drafts, 196-197; Amer-
ican and Italian, 197, 198-200;
agreement on rules, 201-202;
rules, 238-248

Bond claims, arbitration, 88
Borchard, Edwin M., xviii; guides

to law and legal literature, 340
Brazil, contraband of war, 46
British Empire, rules of warfare
for aircraft and radio, xiii
Brown, Col. F. M., military ad-
viser, 182

Brussels, Declaration, land war,
298

Bryan, W. J., peace plan, 91-92
Bueninck, Lieut. H. J., assistant
naval adviser, 183
Bull-fighting, 309
Bynkershoek, land of, 188

Camels, characteristics, 352
Captives, spared in war, 7

Capture, definition, 21; private
property, 20; aircraft, 272-283
Caravan, led by donkey, 352
Cardozo, Judge, on elements of
law, xiv, 31

legislative drafting, 342
Chemical warfare, ix, 184, 186
Children, spared in war, 7
Choate, Joseph H., immunity of
private property, 51

Cicero, 354; inter arma silent
leges, 290

Civil war, U. S., vii, viii; block-
ade, 67-68; balance of power,
310

Civil wars, frequency, 308
Civilians, spared in war, 195, 199
Claims, arbitration, 86-89
Classics, ancient, study of, 349,
353, 354, 356, 365
Coal, as contraband, 60
Codes, international, drafts, 324
Codification, haste and superficial-
ity, 324, 335

Colby, Capt. Elbridge, on laws of
war, 210

Colombia, treaty against confisca-
tion, 21; contraband, 79-80
Columbia University, study of
comparative law, xvi, 341
Combat area, 195, 199
Combatants and non-combatants,
preservation of distinction, viii,
ix-xi, xiii, xiv, 5-8, 13, 27, 28,
199-201, 358
Comity, 296

Commerce in war, xi, xii, 5, 25-35,
40-80, 358
Commission

of Jurists, The
Hague, rules of warfare for air-
craft and radio, 182, 185, 186,
187, 190-208; general report, 210
Commission of Jurists, Rio de
Janeiro, codification, 324-328
Common law, of sea, 48

123

Carnegie Corporation, gift to
American Law Institute, xv
Catherine, Empress, manifesto on
neutral rights, 49, 50, 55
Cavaglieri, A., legal adviser, 183

Comparative Law Bureau, 339,

341-342

Compromise, different kinds, 205
Compulsory jurisdiction, 84-90, 99,
102-103, 144

Concert, European, 303

Conference of Commissioners on
Uniform State Laws, 336
Conference of Teachers of Law
and Philosophy, 338
Confiscation, exemption of enemy

private property, 5, 13-25;
opinion of Marshall, 19; enemy
aircraft, 251

Conquest, principle, 301, 315;
effect on private property, 19
Conscription, 8

Constitution, U. S., Gladstone's
encomium, 358; war violations,
vii
Contraband of war, xii, 40-80;
importance of question, 25, 47-
52; classification of articles, 25,
53; "absolute," "conditional,"
26-35, 53-70; lawfulness and un-
lawfulness, 41-47; hstorical as-
pects, 53; treaty stipulations,
54-55, 59-60, 70-80; wars of
French Revolution, 55-58; U. S.
and Spanish war, 60; Boer war,
60; Russo-Japanese war, 62;
Declaration of London, 64-67;
Second Hague Peace Confer-
ence, 68; proposals for exemp-
tion of "conditional" contraband
from capture, 69-70; relation to
neutrality, 138-140; carried by
aircraft, 275, 278, 283
Contributions, non-enforceable by
aerial bombardment, 241
Coolidge, President, on Perma-

nent Court of International Jus-
tice, xiii, 144; on classical
studies, 356

Costa Rica, treaty against confis-
cation, 21

Council, League of Nations, juris-

diction, 123, 134, 135, 136, 137
Courts, independence, 132

Courts, international. See Per-
manent Court of Arbitration;
Permanent Court of Interna-
tional Justice.
Covenant, provision for establish-
ment of permanent court, 101;
labor and transit clauses, 104,
119, 120; powers of Council of
League, 123, 125; not binding
upon non-member States, 129
Creasy, on contraband of war, 44
Crile, Dr., mechanistic view of
war, 308

Crozier, Captain, on aerial war-
fare, 193

Current Illusions. See Illusions.
Czechoslovakia, boundary with
Poland, 135

Dante, study of, 2

Debts, exempt from confiscation
in war, 14

Declaration of London, contra-
band clauses, 64-67; radio, 212;
visit and search, 272, 275
Declaration of Paris, maritime
law, 49-50, 297

Declaration of St. Petersburg, 298
Delagoa Bay, as contraband des-
tination, 60

Democrary, prating of "service,"

364; elevation of standards, 365
Demosthenes, 354

Denmark, contraband of war, 46
Destination, contraband, 60, 62, 65
Destruction of captured aircraft,
281-283

Devastation, war, 10-12

Deviation, in visit and search, 205
Dictatorships, convenient supple-
ment to government by blocs,
360
Diplomatic agents, classification,
297

Dogger Bank incident, 93
Dominican Republic,
against confiscation, 21
Dorpat, Treaty of, 124

treaty

False marks, ground of capture,
274

Faure, Col., military adviser, 183
Fénelon, on war devastation, 11
Ferrié, Gen., military adviser, 183,
191

Field, draft international code, 324
Finland, question of Eastern
Carelia, 124-131

Finlay, Lord, on confiscation of
enemy private property, 19;
Judge of Permanent Court, 105,
116, 130, 135; on classical stud-
ies, 354

Fiore, draft international code, 324
Firing lines, law between, viii
Fish, Hamilton, Secretary of
State, on immunity of private
property, 20

Flint, A., naval adviser, 182
Florence, historic monuments, 246
Foch, on art of war, 8

Foodstuffs, producers in war, ix;
war essential, 7, 25-35, 53; as
contraband, treaty stipulations,
54-55, 59-60; French Revolution,
55-58; U. S. and Spanish war,
60; Boer war, 60; Russo-Japa-
nese war, 62; Declaration of
London, 64

Force, part in preservation of
peace, 309; exaltation, 289
France, war devastation, 11; war
losses, 9-12, 13; food shortage
(1793), 29, 55-59; stipulation on
contraband, 54; rules of warfare
for aircraft and radio, xiii, 210;
arbitration treaty with Great
Britain (1903), 84; restoration
of classical studies, 354
Franco-German war, U. S. neu-
trality, 46

François, Prof. J. P. A., secretary-
general, 183, 288

"Free ships, free goods," 48-49
French Revolution, war losses, 12,
13; foodstuffs and contraband,
55-58; resistance to foreign
force, 309

Fujita, M., legal adviser, 183

Grant, President, on immunity of
private property, 20; contra-
band, 45-46
Gravitation, law, 2

Graziani, Major C., military ad-
viser, 183

Great Britain, provision orders
(1794), 29, 55-59; transport of
contraband, 46; treaties on con-
traband, 54-55, 73, 74, 75; arbi-
tration of Alabama claims, 85,
97; arbitration treaty with
France (1903), 84; claims arbi-
tration, 87, 88; proposals on air-
craft, 190, 191

Greeks, international arbitration,

97; attitude towards aliens, 317
Grotius, defender of law, viii; on
ancient war practices, 6, 7-8; on
violations of law, 24; protest
against barbarities, 7, 317; faith,
39; native land, 188; De Jure
Belli ac Pacis, 295; on outlawry
of war, 36, 37

Hague, The, international courts,
xiii; peace conferences, 94, 97-
100; immunity of private prop-
erty at sea, 51, 52; contraband,
68, 71; conference on rules of
warfare for aircraft and radio,
xiii, 182

Haiti, treaty against confiscation,

21

Haldane, Lord, on confiscation, 19
Hamilton, Alexander, on confisca-

tion of private property in war,
15-17, 22-23, 24, 25, 31; rights of
neutral trade, 30

Hamilton, Capt. J. C., naval ad-
viser, 112

Hammarskjöld, A., registrar of
Permanent Court, 113
Hannibal, wars against, 10
Hanse Towns, treaty on contra-
band, 54

Harding, President, on adhesion
to Permanent Court of Interna-
tional Justice, xiii

Hay, John, immunity of private
property at sea, 20; obligatory
arbitration, 85; permanent arbi-
tral tribunal, 98

Hebrews, war practices, 6, 317,
318; passion for uniformity, 316
Heffter, on contraband of war, 43
Hell. See "Utopia or Hell,"
Roosevelt.

Herodotus, 354

Heshbon, slaying of women and
children, 6

Hicks, Frederick C., law librarian,
xvii

Hill, James J., on "World War," 1
Historic monuments, exemption
from bombardment, 244

Hogg, Sir Douglas, Attorney-Gen-
eral, 123

Holland, on contraband of war, 45,
61

Holmes, Mr. Justice, on experi-

ence as source of law, xiv, 31
Home, Maj. F. W., military ad-
viser, 183

Homer, invoked by Grotius, 318;
living force, 354

Honduras, treaty against confisca-
tion, 21

Hospitals, exemption from bom-
bardment, 195

Hostilities, commencement and
responsibility, 311-314

Huber, Max, Judge of Permanent
Court, 105, 107

Hughes, C. E., Secretary of State,

report on Permanent Court,
142; remarks on visit and search
by aircraft, 203

Humor, variant conceptions, 321
Hundred Years' War, origin, 311
Hurst, Sir C., British delegate, 182,
191, 288
Husbandmen, spared in war, 7

Illusions, Current: concerning or-
ganization for war, x; interna-
tional law, 1; peace slogans, 308