BOOKBINDING CO 77 2 QUALITY CONTROL MARK GENERAL 01208 ABSTRACTS (PB--237493) ENERGY R AND D DATA WORKSHOP HELD AT THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND, ON MAY 6 AND 7, 1974. SUMMARY REPORT. Nov 1974. 30p. NTIS $5.00. The emphasis of this workshop was on the development of data retrieval capabilities for energy R and D information. The problems of energy data priorities and energy data tagging were discussed in two separate working sessions. Background for these sessions came from a panel discussion relating forthcoming energy R and D programs to data dissemination programs and from a series of prepared talks concerning varicus aspects of energy data. (auth) 01209 ENERGY UTILIZATION AND THE DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. FROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE HELD MARCH 3--6, 1974 IN ATLANTA, GECRGIA. New York; USA; American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (1974). €8p. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017. The twenty-one papers presented at the conference reflect the thinking of government and industry representatives who are concerned with in-depth exploration of new energy sources such as solar, nuclear, geothermal, and wastes for the design engineer. Subjects covered in the papers include the electric energy economy: solar energy conversion; design efficiency through maximum resource utilization; energy conservation; geothermal energy; nuclear power generation; Phase IV controls program in the USA; energy factors for construction; the Manchester Project; energy conservation and utilization in building design; energy utilization in the Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority; rapid transit and the energy crisis; building codes and standards; energy utilization and the design professional; the new internationalism--energy planning; and a legislative look to 1990. (MCW) 01210 ENERGY INFORMATION RESOURCES. AN INVENTORY CF ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION RESCURCES IN THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES, HAWAII, AND ALASKA. Brown, P.L.; Chaffee, C.C.; Kohn, R.S.; Miller, J.E. Columbus, CH; USA; Battelle Columbus Laboratories (1975). 207p. "This publication is intended to provide scientists, engineers, and others concerned with research and development related to energy with a reference to potentially applicable sources of information.'' An information resource (litrary, information center, or organization) is listed only if it provides information ''oriented toward research and development'' and only if the resource contains enough energy-related information to be expected to be useful to a researcher''. Specifically excluded are 'resources concerned primarily with energy policy, economics, supply, demand, consumption, imports/exports, allocation, rationing, and like elements of informaticn''. There are three sections: Information Resources, Annotated Publications, and Indexes. The first section lists 193 libraries, information centers and other information sources in alphabetical order. For each entry, information is provided on mailing address and telephone number, head of resource, parent organization, subject coverage, regularly issued products or publications, and services provided. In the second section, 108 energy-related publications are listed in alphabetical order along with the name and address of the source of the publication, publication frequency, and a brief annotation. In the third section, five indexes are provided: organization index (parent and suborganization of the information resource); acronym index of the names of the resources; geographic index by state and city; index of regularly issued products or publications; and subject index. (MPG) 01211 A REGIONAL ENERGY INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MINNESOTA: A PRELIMINARY DESIGN. Chervany, N.L.; Naumann, J.D.; Krishnan, R.; Quillin, D.; Schmitt, J. St. Paul; USA; Minnesota Energy Agency (1975). 127p. NTIS. The major tasks faced by Minnesota policy makers are twofold. First, they must develop an understanding of the State's energy system. Second, they must develop socio-economic plans that explicitly take energy constraints into consideration. Analysis of energy policy issues and data needs reveals that four types of data--energy supply/distribution/consumption data, demographic data, economic data, and engineering data--are needed to support the short run energy allocation problems and long run energy planning problems. This research report presents the preliminary design of a regional energy information system. The system is designed to collect, store, and report the supply/distribution/consumption data. This data category was focused upon because it is more complex and less available from currently operating systems than the other three data types. The conclusion of the report is that it is technically feasible to obtain timely, valid data on energy supply, distribution, and consumption. The next step in the development of the energy information system is to specify the procedures (both data collection and computer processing) required to implement the system in Minnesota. (auth, Summary) LOS ANGELES AREA ENERGY SYMPOSIUM. PROCEEDINGS CF A CONFERENCE HELD APRIL 3, 1975 IN LCS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA. Emerson, A.D. (ed.). Los Angeles Council of Engineers and Scientists Proceedings Series Volume 1. North Hollywood, CA; USA; Western Periodicals Company (1975). 230p. Western Periodicals Co., 13000 Rayner St., North Hollywood, CA 91605. An up-to-date account of energy requirements in the Greater Los Angeles area, the resources that can be counted cn, and their impact on the environment and the eccncmy are presented in twenty-three papers. A paper presented in Section I, Citizen's Workshop, is Direct and Indirect Energy Use by Metropolitan California Families. Section II, Fossil Fuels, contains three papers: The Oil Situation; Energy Self Sufficiency--a Look at the Future; and Coal Conversion--an Cverview of Status and Potential. Section III, Nuclear, has papers entitled: Nuclear Power Risks; Treatment of Radioactive Gases to Protect the Environment; Fower from the Atom--a Comparison of Fission and Fusion; The Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor and its Place; Controlled Fusion-Energy of the Future; and Power Plant Site Selection. Section IV's papers on Alternate Energy. Scurces are: Solar Thermal Conversion Power Plant Siting Analysis; The Economic The The Federal Energy Administration was assisted by 16 participating Federal agencies in compiling this report, which represents the initial effort to synthesize Federal research programs relating to energy conservation. ultimate objective of these research programs is to achieve maximum conservation of energy at the earliest practicable date and with the least social and economic cost by: reducing fuel consumption, particularly fossil-derived; finding new sources of energy that are plentiful, economical, and non-polluting; and reducing pollution caused by inefficient energy production and use. These research, development, and demonstration (R and D) programs have a total budget of $1 billion. The four major sectors of research and their percentages of the budget are as follows: Buildings Sector, 15%; Industrial Sector, 20%; Transportation, 50%; and Systems Studies, 15%. Buildings Sector RDandD will concentrate on retrofitting existing structures and incorporating advanced technology in design and construction of new buildings. Emphasis in Industrial Sector programs will be on in-depth analyses conducted for specific industries to identify processes that could provide the earliest and most significant energy savings potential. In the Transportation Sector nearterm improvements in highway vehicle systems and air transportation systems will have first priority. For longer term, advanced technology mass transit systems appear to offer the greatest energy saving potential. The Systems Studies Sector will coordinate activities that cross sectoral boundaries or go beyond specific end-use objectives, such as Modular Integrated Utility Systems (MIUS) and urban waste for electrical power. (BYB) 01217 MEASURES FOR REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR HOMEOWNERS AND RENTERS. Washington, DC; USA; Federal Power Commission (1975). 22p. The need for increasing efforts to conserve scarce fuels is growing daily. In residential energy consumption, many conservation measures are available, which are both technically and economically sound. Their implementation by individual homeowners and renters can bring about a significant savings in the total amount of fuel consumed in the United States. The problems are essentially twofold; high energy requirements for existing dwellings, plus poor efficiency in the conversion of fossil fuels to usable energy. This report lists a number of these options. Each measure is described fully and gives the individual the information ... means Methods are surveyed for the conservation of energy in buildings, and of new sources of energy for buildings, as well as of ways in which buildings may be designed so as to have a less-destructive impact on the natural environment. Subjects covered include: for energy conservation in otherwise conventionally designed buildings; solar energy and its use for space heating and cooling, for water heating, and for the generation of electricity at a building scale through the use of photoelectric cells; the small-scale use of wind and water power; the treatment of building wastes, by composting, and with the production of rethane as a fuel, by anaerobic digestion of organic matter; and the conservation of water in buildings. Directories of existing buildings and current proposals in which some or all of these features are incorporated are included. The book was written as a report to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, which plans to build a new public museum to be designed according to energyconserving and ecologically sound principles. The basic physical and biological principles involved are presented, but without assuming special technical knowledge on the part of the reader. A short history of experiment and past developments is included for each of the areas covered. It is then shown how these principles can be applied in building design, with illustrations drawn from actual projects. Finally, there are detailed lists of buildings, manufacturers of equipment (e.g., windmills, solar heaters), information sources; and there are extensive bibliographies. The scope of the work reviewed is world-wide; but emphasis is placed especially cn the United States, since it is here that the most practical experimentation has been carried out. (From publisher's summary) 01219 ENERGY CONSERVATION IN THE ALUMINUM INDUSTRY. Brocks, C.L. (Reynolds Metals Co., Richmond, VA). FP 705-720 of Efficient use of fuels in the metallurgical industries. Chicago; Institute of Gas Technology (1975). From Symposium on efficient use of fuels in the metallurgical industries; Chicago, IL (9 Dec 1974). Energy conservation and interrelated aspects are discussed from the viewpoint of an R and D participant and observer of thirty-eight years. The use of energy per ton of output has declined during this period as part of an cverall program of economy. The value of stcred-in energy conserved by recycling must be considered as well as that of initial production. Energy use for the reduction process will continue to decrease at a modest pace. New processes exemplified by the new Alcoa Smelting Frocess will target a 30% reduction over the best operations today. Manufacturing steps will reduce energy use by (1) more efficient furnace operations, (2) melting loss reduction, (3) improved recoveries through better castings, and (4) continuous casting processes and elimination of thermal treatments. Recycling of metal in the solid waste stream should add materially to the metal supply. (auth) 01220 CHALLENGE: ENGINEERING AND THE CONSERVATION ETHIC. Spiegel, W.F. (Walter F. Spiegel, Inc., Jenkintown, PA). ASHRAE (Am. Soc. Heat. Refrig. Air-Cond. Eng.) J.; 17: No. 5, 25-27(May 1975). From 6. international congress on air conditioning, heating, and ventilating; Milan, Italy (2 Mar 1975). Increased efficiency of energy utilization in existing residential, commercial, and industrial buildings is cne segment where energy savings can be incurred with a minimum of undesirable side effects. It is a segment of energy use that can be reduced with existing technology and whose reduction has its own reward of lowering operating costs for the owner or tenant paying the energy bill. Some insignificant measures have been taken to reduce energy consumption temporarily, but waste has not been stopped. The challenge for energy conservation in each building is difficult since each building is different and is a complex problem. Observations of the buildings are necessary for all hours to decide the conservation plan that applies to a specific edifice. (MCW) 01221 ASHRAE POWER FACTOR CORRECTION FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION. Silverthorne, P.N. (Engineering Interface Ltd., Toronto). (Am. Soc. Heat. Refrig. Air-Cond. Eng.) J.; 17: No. 5, 28-32(May 1975). Power factor is the ratio of the product of voltage and current where they coincide, to the product of the maximum instantaneous values of voltage and current. Two basic methods for correcting power factor involve: (1) the use of synchronous motors instead of/or along with inductive motors, and (2) the use of capacitors. A capacitor matched in capacity to the magnetic field of an inductive motor can supply the reactive power required by a motor through the phenomenon of continuous interchange of energy between an inductor and a capacitor. Power factor correction costs can be offset by the reduction in size of transformers, main feeders, and bus ducts. General recommendations are given. (MCW) 01222 CAN HEAT PUMPS HELP SOLVE OUR ENERGY PROBLEMS. Jenkins, N. Energy Int.; 12: No. 5, 22-25(May 1975). Applications of heat pumps, usefully and possibly economically, in certain specific circumstances are examined. A heat pump can act as a transformer in the sense that it produces a heat output at a higher temperature than it takes in. Heat pumps are not meeting the need of national fuel conservation measures. This is because of the need of electricity for heat pumps at a time when generating stations are working at maximum capacity. In heat pump systems the automatic switch-over to resistance wire heating supplied directly by electricity comes at a time when the supply industry is least able to meet any such demands. The utilization of heat pumps and the recovery of waste heat from industry are discussed. A simple means of showing the function of a heat pump is exhibited in a graph relating the indoor and cutdoor temperatures as temperature difference to the coefficient of performance (energy ratio) while, at the same time, showing these factors performing in different ambient temperatures. (MCW) SYSTEMS STUDIES AND TOTAL ENERGY REFER ALSO TO CITATION(S) 1281, 1366, 1396, 1400 The The A coupled energy system/economic model is being developed for energy policy analysis and technology assessment. The model emphasizes technological detail of both supply and utilizing devices employed in the energy system, in terms of conversion efficiency, cost, and emissions to the environment. energy system rcdel consists of the Reference Energy System format and the Brookhaven Energy System Optimization Model. These models can be used to analyze the development of the energy system, in particular the various interfuel substitution patterns that may ensue in response to constrained fuel supplies. following information is required in order to apply these models: 1) level of energy demand; 2) estimates of the availability of specific resources, measured in annual production levels; and 3) any other constraint that may force the system to depart from overall cost optimization. Special features of the model that are important for projecting energy supply and demand are the scope of the model in allowing for interfuel substitution, the incorporation of a lead-duration curve for the electrical sector, and the inclusion of the utilizing device as an important element in interfuel substitution. The models incorporate the efficiencies of supply and utilizing technologies. (auth, from Summary) 01224 ECCNGMIC EVALUATION CF TCTAL ENERGY SYSTEMS. Orlando, J.A. (MATHEMATICA, Inc., Philadelphia); Cplinger, J.L.; Pennington, A.J. Fp €7-77 of Energy policy evaluation. Limaye, D.R. (ed.). Lexington, MA; D. C. Heath and Co. (1974). An analysis of the economic feasibility of total energy systems is described. The Department of Housing and Urban Development prepared economic evaluation guidelines that could be used by the private and public sectors as a screening tool to determine the applicability of total energy systems for residential developments. In general, the project with the total energy system will have higher initial costs, but lower annual operating costs. The incremental capital costs associated with the total energy project are, therefore, amortized through savings in the yearly operating costs. The energy system performance evaluation, necessary for an accurate determination of annual operating costs, was accomplished via computer simulation. Using historical hourly weather information, actual operating conditions for both conventional and total energy systems were simulated. The hour-by-hour simulation analysis was considered necessary to determine waste heat utilization accurately in a total energy system. The primary purpose of computer simulation was to determine energy der and and consumption data required for the calculation of annual operating costs and capital costs. It was possible to identify optimum conventional and total energy systems, which were then compared to determine the economic attractiveness of total energy. (MCW) (ed.). Lexington, MA; D. C. Heath and Co. (1974). An analytic model to determine and evaluate the cost, efficiency, and environmental impacts of energy-production systems is presented. This analytic framework is imbedded into an optimizaton model, so the model can be normative as well as predictive. An important feature of this model is the explicit consideration of total system environmental effects brought about by technological cr operational changes. The relationship between environmental impact and energy efficiency is shown in the model, and examples of the tradeoffs between the two are discussed. (12 references) (MCW) 01226 WHY NOT NUCLEAR FOWER FOR DISTRICT The economics of a fully integrated power and district-heating system are examined. Such a system would supply (1) electricity, (2) electricity for heating and (3) district heating. The types of power stations included are (1) stations supplying hot water, (2) nuclear power stations supplying electricity and hot water, (3) oil-fired stations supplying electricity and hot water, (4) nuclear power stations supplying electricity, (5) oil-fired condensing stations supplying electricity, and (6) gas-turbine stations supplying electricity. (Sweden) ... The institutional obstacles--especially in the construction industry--that might inhibit widespread installation in buildings of promising new energy technologies such as solar, total energy and fuel cell systems are studied. This book also examines strategies that could step up the rate of commercial development and deployment of these systems. ... Of the three, total energy systems are closest to being ready for widespread commercialization. ... Total energy systems can be designed, installed and made operational in approximately one year, in contrast to 4-10 year lead-times for fossil- and nuclear-fueled plants. Solar technologies for space heating and cooling, and to a lesser degree, for domestic water heating require a major product engineering effort before widespread commercial diffusion can take place. Although fuel cell hardware is not yet commercially available, the authors report that it is expected to be on the market before the end of this decade. At the present time, however, fuel cells are made by expensive processes which can only be justified in spacecraft applications and are considered too short-lived to be a commercially interesting option. The authors make two dozen specific recommendations of industry actions, government programs, federal funding, taxes, subsidies and regulations. They also suggest the creation of a network of new and eventually self-supporting regional implementation centers to speed the commercialization process. (auth, from publisher's summary) |