combined with common opinions as to the practical steps which should be taken to promote human welfare.
TO AVOID CONFLICT, RELIGION AND SCIENCE MUST ADMIT EACH OTHER'S RIGHTS
For a long time to come eugenics is likely to be opposed because of the general ignorance of its scientific foundations; and we must not be surprised if conflicts between religion and science continue to arise because of unreasonable prejudices in both camps. As to science, when in the past she was advancing by leaps and bounds in biological knowledge, not a few of her votaries jumped to the conclusion that hers were the only gates to knowledge and that every other way of seeking for ultimate truths should be ignored. Now science is adopting a humbler attitude, and in that frame of mind she is certain to continue to make great advances in her own field of inquiry. But science is certainly not alone to blame. Almost all of us, except perhaps when in the freshness of our youth, dislike new ideas being thrust upon us; and many a high-minded person has resented the action of science in calling his attention to new and disagreeable truths. Now nothing is more common than for a man honestly to mistake the grounds on which his own opposition to any reform is based, and attacks on science have often been supported by religious arguments when ignorance was the true underlying cause of the disagreement. Such mistakes are, however, both honest and natural, and they will, I fear, inevitably continue to arise until the differences between the spheres of thought which should be allotted to religion and to science have become more generally appreciated.
In fact religion has made mistakes and science has made mistakes; and frank admissions that such mistakes have been made, especially if accompanied by a determination to avoid in future as far as possible all accusations of evil designs on the part of opponents, would be of great value in helping forward social work in many directions. Let religion recognize that it is only in the realm of
ultimate ideas that she is all-powerful. Let science see that her realm only includes the discovery and the formulation of the laws concerning the sequence of events. Let religion and science openly join hands in the endeavour to benefit, not only our neighbours, but also the countless millions of the as-yet-unborn. Let all this be done, and then eugenics, which aims at the future welfare of mankind, and which is founded on both religion and science, will come to hold its proper place in our thoughts and will prosper accordingly.
Doubts must often be felt in regard to moral questions, generally because of the difficulty of foretelling the consequences of any line of conduct; whilst innumerable scientific problems of minor importance as regards social issues remain unsolved; but in the main the obstacles in our path are not such as are due to any uncertainty in regard to either moral or scientific truths. Our inaction is chiefly due to the fact that our doubts, even if they are not actually traitors, certainly often serve as unjustifiable excuses making us "lose the good we oft might win " by failing to attempt.
Abstinence, 180, 182 Actions, the result of free will, 505, 509
Adultery, commission of, 469, 475 Alcohol, a racial poison, 83-85, 89; effects of, 90; experiments on animals, 85-88; the cause of crime, 212; of insanity, 233 Aliens, registration of, 482; restric- tion, 493
Amentia, causes of, 196
Aments, number of, 187; preven- tion of parenthood, 188-191, 193; segregation, 199 Animals, fecundity of, 50; experi- ments of alcohol on, 85-88; effects of natural selection, 123, 137; breeding of, 131, 135, 136, 144; struggle for existence, 316 Association or correlation, 266 Assortive mating, 286
Bachelors, expenditure of, 437, 443 Backwardness, 195
Banker, H. J., J. of Heredity, 444 n Barrington, "Study of Inheritance of Vision," 67
Bees, worker, instincts, 101-103 Bertillon, on the birth-rate, 319 Bigamy, precautions against, 481 Binet-Simon method, 259, 281, 493 Birds, changes in their plumage, 100 Birth control, advocacy of, 370-
375; voluntary, insufficient, 376, 389; dual campaign for and against, 405-409, 414 Birth-rate, fall of, 128, 182, 366, 389, 425; adjustment to in- comes, 164; the differential, 319-327, 341; relationship be- tween inferior status and high, 320; difference in fertility between the social classes, 324; factors affecting, 328, 367; causes in the decline, 329-332, 342-344, 368, 392; differences in, 331; com- bination of efficiency and in- fertility, 340; automatic regu-
Census returns, need of revision, 325, 327
Chambers, Sir Theodore, 501 n Chance, E., The Cuckoo's Secret, 53 n Chaplin, Dr. A., The Illness and
Death of Napoleon Bonaparte, 251 n
Child labour, prohibition, 331, 332, 392
Childless marriages, number of, 399
Children, defective, number of, 62, 301, 302; result of removal from their homes, 193, 379; backward, 195; right to a good home, 378; income tax allowances for, 436- 442
Chromosomes, study of, 17 Civilization, advance of, 60; tradi- tion, the important element of, 71; a slow growth, 311; due to education, 448 Civilizations, decay of ancient, 317, 326; causes of, 318, 326
Contraception, 369; methods of, 370-377, 388, 407 Correlation or association, 266 Crane, F. S., 399 n
Criminal, the habitual, 206, 216; examination, 207; number of defectives, 208; qualities favour- ing crime, 208; stupidity, 209, 224; physical inferiority, 210; qualities associated with crime, 211; result of alcoholism, 212; mental inferiority, 213; here- dity, 214, 224; various types, 216; method of imprisonment, 217-220; segregation, 219–221, 224; children, 221-223; system of ' indeterminate sentences,' 225; prevention of parenthood, 283, 459 Cuckoo, case of the, 52-54
Darwin, Charles, The Origin of Species, 4, 96 n, 97, 118; theory of Natural Selection, 97, 117; Animals and Plants under Do- mestication, 133 n, 135 n, 138 n; theory of sexual selection, 345 Davenport, Dr. C. B., “Heredity of Mental Disorders," 240 n Death-rate, average, 125; fall in the, 330, 331, 342, 343
Divorce, result of, 465-477; dys- genic in its results, 467; methods of obtaining, 469-475; adultery, 469; gross hereditary defects, 472-474; conclusions in regard to, 475-477
Domestic animals, breeding of, 131,
144; effect of Natural Selection, 137; see Animals
Drage Parliamentary Return, 307 n Drink bill, amount of, 300 Drunkenness, effects of, 83, 86
Education, result of, 61, 63; public expenditure on, 417, 442-448; promotion of, 448; cost of, 454; conclusions, 455
Elderton, Miss, Report on the English Birth-rate, 331 n
Elimination, methods of, 171, 184 Ellis, Havelock, A Study of British Genius, 251 n
Emigration, 489-494
England, population, 163; num- ber of insane, 228; number of deaths from tuberculosis, 240; expenditure, amount of, 307 n English Criminal, The, 214 n Environment and Heredity, rela- tive importance of, 26-28; cor- relation of qualities, 29; influ ence on human welfare, 36; value of tradition, 58; effects on an organism, 97; not a potent factor in promoting crime, 215; cause of insanity, 229 Environmental reforms, two classes, 62; effects of, distinction be- tween eugenic reforms, 69; in- heritance, 73, 74
Epilepsy, disease of, 238-240; se- gregation, 239; prohibition of marriage, 458
Eugenic Communities, result of, 154-158; disadvantages of iso- lation, 155-157
Eugenic reform, benefits from, 9;
aim of, 32, 35-38, 71, 206; effects of, distinction between environ- mental reforms, 69
Eugenics, definition of, 75; in- fluence of religion, 519 Eugenics in Race and State, 146 n Eugenics Review, 348 Eugenists, criticisms of, 249 Evolution, principle of, 1-9; Or- ganic, 3, 145; utilization of the laws of nature, 4; a progressive process, 6; Lamarckian theory of, 96; doctrine of emergent, 507; of conscience, 511
Existence, struggle for, 113 Eyesight, defective, of children, 66– 68
Families, average size of, 42; hereditary differences between, 141, 143; diminution in the size of, 331; large, 334; quali- ties, 336; small, social advan- tages, 337-340, 344, 397, 413; limitation of, 396, 400, 411; re- sult of a caste system, 401, 414;
equality of opportunity, 403-
Family limitation, 171, 179-183, 367; methods, 180, 369; allow- ances, 416-429; grants to, 419; non-contributory systems, 420,
effect on the birth-rate, 422; contributory systems, 429- 435, 438, 440; occupational systems, 430
Farmers, belief in heredity, 138, 144
Fathers and sons, average height of, 18-20
Fecundity, evolutionary checks on, 50; natural, 57
Feeble-minded, the, 186; number
of, 187, 189; result of steriliza- tion, 189, 200; environmental in- fluences, 192; segregation, 198- 200; detection when young, 203; high birth-rate, 204; number of habitual criminals, 208; prohibition of marriage,
Fertility, economic promoting, 391 Fisher, R. A., x, 281; "Correla- tion between Relatives," 21 n, 153 n; "New Data on the Genesis of Twins," 139 n; on the reduction of the feeble-in- mind, 190 n; on the wage-earn- ing capacity, 266 n;
Hopes of a Eugenist," 339 n, 378 n; on sexual selection, 348, 350
Fittest, survival of the, 114, 129 Fox, Dr. J. Tylor, Studies in Mental Inefficiency, 240 n
France, fall in the birth-rate, 422; result of immigration, 492;
number killed in the War, 502 Frederick (father of Frederick the Great), mating of big men and women, 153
Free will, 505, 509-511, 516-519; meaning of, 517
Freeman, Austin, Social Decay and Regeneration, 158 n
the term, 16; changes or muta- tions, 119, 124 n; combinations of, 150
Genius, men of, 246-256; how it can best be increased, 247; qualities, 249, 252; ill-health, 251-253; allied to madness, 251 Germ plasm, the term, 73; theory of the continuity of the, 98, 110 Gini, Prof. Corrado, 499 n Girls, selected work of, 304 Goddard, H. H., Human Efficiency and Levels of Intelligence, 63; Feeblemindedness, 189, 197 n Gonorrhoea, disease of, 83 n; detec. tion of, 459
Goring, Dr., The English Convict, 208 n, 210, 212 n, 213 n, 214,
215 n, 216 n, 218 n; Inheritance of the Diathesis of Phthisis and Insanity, 234 n
Govaerts, Dr., 241 n
Great Britain, capital per head, 48; birth-rate, 182; cost of the unfit, 296
Greeks, the ancient, superiority, 317, 326
Hæmophilia or bleeding skin, 149,
Heiresses, marriages of, 339, 398 Heredity and Environment, rela- tive importance of, 26-38; cor- relation of qualities, 29; laws of, 133; belief in, 138, 144; 8 cause of crime, 214, 224; of insanity, 229
Heron, Dr. David, Relation of Fer- tility in Man to Social Status, 320 Hodson, C. B. S., x
Holmes, Prof., J. of Heredity, 444 n; The Trend of the Race, 229 n, 251 n, 496 n Horses, pace of, 105 Housing problems, 66, 387 Human beings, skull capacity,
317; mate selection, 357-360 Human qualities, two classes, 147; measurement, 281, 293, 484 Human stature, researches on, 18; stocks, breeding from the best, 133; stock-taking, 483-489
Identity book, 482 Idiots, 186
Illegitimate children, birth of, 463, 477
Immigration, 482, 489-494; ex- clusion, 492
« ПредыдущаяПродолжить » |