combined with common opinions as to the practical steps which should be taken to promote human welfare.
TO AVOID CONFLICT, RELIGION AND SCIENCE MUST ADMIT EACH OTHER'S RIGHTS
For a long time to come eugenics is likely to be opposed because of the general ignorance of its scientific foundations; and we must not be surprised if conflicts between religion and science continue to arise because of unreasonable prejudices in both camps. As to science, when in the past she was advancing by leaps and bounds in biological knowledge, not a few of her votaries jumped to the conclusion that hers were the only gates to knowledge and that every other way of seeking for ultimate truths should be ignored. Now science is adopting a humbler attitude, and in that frame of mind she is certain to continue to make great advances in her own field of inquiry. But science is certainly not alone to blame. Almost all of us, except perhaps when in the freshness of our youth, dislike new ideas being thrust upon us; and many a high-minded person has resented the action of science in calling his attention to new and disagreeable truths. Now nothing is more common than for a man honestly to mistake the grounds on which his own opposition to any reform is based, and attacks on science have often been supported by religious arguments when ignorance was the true underlying cause of the disagreement. Such mistakes are, however, both honest and natural, and they will, I fear, inevitably continue to arise until the differences between the spheres of thought which should be allotted to religion and to science have become more generally appreciated.
In fact religion has made mistakes and science has made mistakes; and frank admissions that such mistakes have been made, especially if accompanied by a determination to avoid in future as far as possible all accusations of evil designs on the part of opponents, would be of great value in helping forward social work in many directions. Let religion recognize that it is only in the realm of
ultimate ideas that she is all-powerful. Let science see that her realm only includes the discovery and the formulation of the laws concerning the sequence of events. Let religion and science openly join hands in the endeavour to benefit, not only our neighbours, but also the countless millions of the as-yet-unborn. Let all this be done, and then eugenics, which aims at the future welfare of mankind, and which is founded on both religion and science, will come to hold its proper place in our thoughts and will prosper accordingly.
Doubts must often be felt in regard to moral questions, generally because of the difficulty of foretelling the consequences of any line of conduct; whilst innumerable scientific problems of minor importance as regards social issues remain unsolved; but in the main the obstacles in our path are not such as are due to any uncertainty in regard to either moral or scientific truths. Our inaction is chiefly due to the fact that our doubts, even if they are not actually traitors, certainly often serve as unjustifiable excuses making us "lose the good we oft might win " by failing to attempt.
Abstinence, 180, 182
Actions, the result of free will,
505, 509
Adultery, commission of, 469, 475
Alcohol, a racial poison, 83-85, 89;
effects of, 90; experiments on
animals, 85-88; the cause of
crime, 212; of insanity, 233
Aliens, registration of, 482; restric-
tion, 493
Amentia, causes of, 196
Aments, number of, 187; preven-
tion of parenthood, 188-191,
193; segregation, 199
Animals, fecundity of, 50; experi-
ments of alcohol on, 85-88;
effects of natural selection, 123,
137; breeding of, 131, 135, 136,
144; struggle for existence, 316
Association or correlation, 266
Assortive mating, 286
Bachelors, expenditure of, 437, 443
Backwardness, 195
Banker, H. J., J. of Heredity, 444 n
Barrington, "Study of Inheritance
of Vision," 67
Bees, worker, instincts, 101-103
Bertillon, on the birth-rate, 319
Bigamy, precautions against, 481
Binet-Simon method, 259, 281, 493
Birds, changes in their plumage, 100
Birth control, advocacy of, 370-
375; voluntary, insufficient, 376,
389; dual campaign for and
against, 405-409, 414
Birth-rate, fall of, 128, 182, 366,
389, 425; adjustment to in-
comes, 164; the differential,
319-327, 341; relationship be-
tween inferior status and high,
320; difference in fertility between
the social classes, 324; factors
affecting, 328, 367; causes in the
decline, 329-332, 342-344, 368,
392; differences in, 331; com-
bination of efficiency and in-
fertility, 340; automatic regu-
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Census returns, need of revision,
325, 327
Chambers, Sir Theodore, 501 n
Chance, E., The Cuckoo's Secret, 53 n
Chaplin, Dr. A., The Illness and
Death of Napoleon Bonaparte,
251 n
Child labour, prohibition, 331, 332,
392
Childless marriages, number of,
399
Children, defective, number of, 62,
301, 302; result of removal from
their homes, 193, 379; backward,
195; right to a good home, 378;
income tax allowances for, 436-
442
Chromosomes, study of, 17
Civilization, advance of, 60; tradi-
tion, the important element of,
71; a slow growth, 311; due to
education, 448
Civilizations, decay of ancient, 317,
326; causes of, 318, 326
Contraception, 369; methods of,
370-377, 388, 407
Correlation or association, 266
Crane, F. S., 399 n
Criminal, the habitual, 206, 216;
examination, 207; number of
defectives, 208; qualities favour-
ing crime, 208; stupidity, 209,
224; physical inferiority, 210;
qualities associated with crime,
211; result of alcoholism, 212;
mental inferiority, 213; here-
dity, 214, 224; various types,
216; method of imprisonment,
217-220; segregation, 219–221,
224; children, 221-223; system of
' indeterminate sentences,' 225;
prevention of parenthood, 283, 459
Cuckoo, case of the, 52-54
Darwin, Charles, The Origin of
Species, 4, 96 n, 97, 118; theory
of Natural Selection, 97, 117;
Animals and Plants under Do-
mestication, 133 n, 135 n, 138 n;
theory of sexual selection, 345
Davenport, Dr. C. B., “Heredity
of Mental Disorders," 240 n
Death-rate, average, 125; fall in
the, 330, 331, 342, 343
Divorce, result of, 465-477; dys-
genic in its results, 467; methods
of obtaining, 469-475; adultery,
469; gross hereditary defects,
472-474; conclusions in regard
to, 475-477
Domestic animals, breeding of, 131,
144; effect of Natural Selection,
137; see Animals
Drage Parliamentary Return, 307 n
Drink bill, amount of, 300
Drunkenness, effects of, 83, 86
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Education, result of, 61, 63; public
expenditure on, 417, 442-448;
promotion of, 448; cost of, 454;
conclusions, 455
Elderton, Miss, Report on the English
Birth-rate, 331 n
Elimination, methods of, 171, 184
Ellis, Havelock, A Study of British
Genius, 251 n
Emigration, 489-494
England, population, 163; num-
ber of insane, 228; number of
deaths from tuberculosis, 240;
expenditure, amount of, 307 n
English Criminal, The, 214 n
Environment and Heredity, rela-
tive importance of, 26-28; cor-
relation of qualities, 29; influ
ence on human welfare, 36; value
of tradition, 58; effects on an
organism, 97; not a potent
factor in promoting crime, 215;
cause of insanity, 229
Environmental reforms, two classes,
62; effects of, distinction be-
tween eugenic reforms, 69; in-
heritance, 73, 74
Epilepsy, disease of, 238-240; se-
gregation, 239; prohibition of
marriage, 458
Eugenic Communities, result of,
154-158; disadvantages of iso-
lation, 155-157
Eugenic reform, benefits from, 9;
aim of, 32, 35-38, 71, 206; effects
of, distinction between environ-
mental reforms, 69
Eugenics, definition of, 75; in-
fluence of religion, 519
Eugenics in Race and State, 146 n
Eugenics Review, 348
Eugenists, criticisms of, 249
Evolution, principle of, 1-9; Or-
ganic, 3, 145; utilization of the
laws of nature, 4; a progressive
process, 6; Lamarckian theory
of, 96; doctrine of emergent, 507;
of conscience, 511
Existence, struggle for, 113
Eyesight, defective, of children, 66–
68
Families, average size of, 42;
hereditary differences between,
141, 143; diminution in the
size of, 331; large, 334; quali-
ties, 336; small, social advan-
tages, 337-340, 344, 397, 413;
limitation of, 396, 400, 411; re-
sult of a caste system, 401, 414;
equality of opportunity, 403-
Family limitation, 171, 179-183,
367; methods, 180, 369; allow-
ances, 416-429; grants to, 419;
non-contributory systems, 420,
effect on the birth-rate,
422; contributory systems, 429-
435, 438, 440; occupational
systems, 430
Farmers, belief in heredity, 138,
144
Fathers and sons, average height
of, 18-20
Fecundity, evolutionary checks on,
50; natural, 57
Feeble-minded, the, 186; number
of, 187, 189; result of steriliza-
tion, 189, 200; environmental in-
fluences, 192; segregation, 198-
200;
detection when young,
203; high birth-rate, 204;
number of habitual criminals,
208; prohibition of marriage,
Fertility, economic
promoting, 391
Fisher, R. A., x, 281; "Correla-
tion between Relatives," 21 n,
153 n; "New Data on the
Genesis of Twins," 139 n; on
the reduction of the feeble-in-
mind, 190 n; on the wage-earn-
ing capacity, 266 n;
Hopes of a Eugenist," 339 n,
378 n; on sexual selection, 348,
350
Fittest, survival of the, 114, 129
Fox, Dr. J. Tylor, Studies in Mental
Inefficiency, 240 n
France, fall in the birth-rate, 422;
result of immigration,
492;
number killed in the War, 502
Frederick (father of Frederick the
Great), mating of big men and
women, 153
Free will, 505, 509-511, 516-519;
meaning of, 517
Freeman, Austin, Social Decay and
Regeneration, 158 n
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the term, 16; changes or muta-
tions, 119, 124 n; combinations
of, 150
Genius, men of, 246-256; how it
can best be increased, 247;
qualities, 249, 252; ill-health,
251-253; allied to madness, 251
Germ plasm, the term, 73; theory
of the continuity of the, 98, 110
Gini, Prof. Corrado, 499 n
Girls, selected work of, 304
Goddard, H. H., Human Efficiency
and Levels of Intelligence, 63;
Feeblemindedness, 189, 197 n
Gonorrhoea, disease of, 83 n; detec.
tion of, 459
Goring, Dr., The English Convict,
208 n, 210, 212 n, 213 n, 214,
215 n, 216 n, 218 n; Inheritance
of the Diathesis of Phthisis and
Insanity, 234 n
Govaerts, Dr., 241 n
Great Britain, capital per head,
48; birth-rate, 182; cost of the
unfit, 296
Greeks, the ancient, superiority,
317, 326
Hæmophilia or bleeding skin, 149,
Heiresses, marriages of, 339, 398
Heredity and Environment, rela-
tive importance of, 26-38; cor-
relation of qualities, 29; laws of,
133; belief in, 138, 144; 8
cause of crime, 214, 224; of
insanity, 229
Heron, Dr. David, Relation of Fer-
tility in Man to Social Status, 320
Hodson, C. B. S., x
Holmes, Prof., J. of Heredity,
444 n; The Trend of the Race,
229 n, 251 n, 496 n
Horses, pace of, 105
Housing problems, 66, 387
Human beings, skull capacity,
317; mate selection, 357-360
Human qualities, two classes, 147;
measurement, 281, 293, 484
Human stature, researches on, 18;
stocks, breeding from the best,
133; stock-taking, 483-489
Identity book, 482
Idiots, 186
Illegitimate children, birth of, 463,
477
Immigration, 482, 489-494; ex-
clusion, 492
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