objects which all visitors of that sacred statesmen of the day used to meet at fane enquire for. The gallant Surrey, Prior's, as we learn from his "Extemwho fell a victim to the displeasure of pore Invitation to Lord Oxford," to Henry VIII., was one of the ornaments whom he says:

of the fashionable society of the day; "Our wealthy friends to-morrow meet, as was his contemporary, Sir Thomas At Matthew's palace, in Duke-street; Wyatt. Both were highly accomplished, To try, for once, if they can dine On bacon ham, and mutton chine." and were well received at court. AnoSwift used to visit Prior in Dukether poet, Thomas Tusser, less illustrious by birth, but known as "the street; and he records in his journal, author of the first didactic poem in our "a debauch after wine," which took language," died poor, in London, in place there, he having dined with Se1580. With Blackfriars and the Globe cretary St. John. At the poet's, he theatres, Shakspeare's name is con- says, "I have eaten cold pie, and I hate nected. He resided some years in the thoughts of it; and I am full, and London, though he was born and died I do not like it; and I will go to bed; in Stratford. Another great poet, John and it is late, and so good-night.”—A Milton, was born in Bread Street; he very different man from the poet, the resided in St. Bride's churchyard, Alders- notorious Judge Jeffreys, also lived in gate-street, Barbican, and High Holborn. Duke-street; as did Dr. Arnold, one of He is buried in St. Giles, Cripplegate; the composers of our old ballad airs,— having quitted this world on the 12th the simple music of which sometimes of November, 1674.

"Comes o'er the ear like the sweet south."

Suppose, instead of taking names thus And can we pass Great George-street at random, we pass from west to east, without thinking of John Wilkes, whose and notice a few (and it can be only a name is associated with the abolition of few) of the celebrities, whose names are general warrants?-he lived for some connected with the localities. years in that street; but he died in Downing-street (so intimately asso- Grosvenor-square.-Lord Thurlow, for ciated with statesmen and politicians) many years Lord Chancellor, one of our was the residence of Sir Robert Walpole. legal celebrities, lived in Great GeorgeWith him lived his son Horace, whose street.

lively letters and memoirs give such In Spring-gardens lived Sir Philip graphic pictures of the men and man- Warwick, who was secretary to King ners of his times. Writing to one of Charles I., and was expelled the Long his correspondents from this street, Parliament for adhering to the cause Horace says, "I am writing to you in of his royal master. A "Discourse on one of the charming rooms towards the Government," and "Memoirs of King park; it is a charming evening, and I Charles I.," were written by Sir Philip, am writing to enjoy this sweet evening who was knighted by Charles II., and while I may, for we are soon to quit it." died in 1682.-The celebrated Prince In King-street, near Downing-street, Rupert also lived eight years in SpringSpenser died [Jan. 16, 1598-9], having gardens, dying there in 1682.-Colley been driven out of Ireland by the Cibber, George Canning, and the late rebellion of Tyrone, and compelled to Sir Robert Peel, were also inhabitants fly so precipitately, that his infant child of Spring-gardens.-In Pall Mall lived was left behind, and the rebels burnt Nell Gwynne, of whom Mr. Peter Cunthe helpless babe with his house! ningham is publishing an interesting Spenser was born in Smithfield. In memoir in the Gentleman's Magazine. Duke-street lived Matthew Prior; he Also Sir Wm. Temple, previous to his died in 1721, and is interred in West- retirement to Sheen. The Duke of minster Abbey. Many of the wits and Marlborough also lived in Pall Mall, in

"Arundel's famed structure reared its frame," And

"There Essex' stately pile adorned the shore, There Cecil's, Bedford's, Villiers', now no more."

He

the mansion called after him, Marl- The Strand has been honoured with borough House. Sir Walter Scott the residence of many eminent men. lodged in Pall Mall, as we learn from There, as Gay tells us in his "Trivia," his Diary. Glover, the author of "Leonidas," and the "Athenais," resided in St. James's-street, Buckingham-gate. He was a London merchant; and when Thomson heard of his works, he is said to have exclaimed, "He write an epic poem, who never saw a mountain!" Wm. Lilly, the astrologer, the predicWm. Gifford, a "poet, translator, and tions in whose absurd works, during critic," being the author of the the Civil Wars, had such an effect on "Baviad and Mæviad," the trans- the soldiers and common people, lived lator of the "Perseus," and the editor in the Strand; as did Tonson, the of the "Anti-Jacobin," and the "Quar-bookseller, "at the Shakespeare's Head, terly Review," - also resided in St. over against Catherine-street." James's-street. Waller (the poet), Gib-founded the Kit-Cat Club, which Horace bon, Lord Byron, and Gillray (the Walpole says, though "generally mencaricaturist), lived in St. James's-street. tioned as a set of wits, was, in reality, a In St. James's-place, St. James's-street, set of patriots, who saved Britain." lived Addison, the best of our essayists; Quin and Kynaston, the actors, resided Samuel Rogers, "poet and banker," in Bedford-street, Strand. - In Fleetnow resides there [1851], in a green street, "at the baye-windowe house, old age. Sir Isaac Newton lived for next the east end of St. Dunstan's some time in Jermyn-street; and there church," according to Aubrey, lived Gray, the author of the "Elegy in a Drayton, whose "Barons' Wars," Country Churchyard," lodged, says England's Heroic Epistles," PolyMr. Mitford, "at Roberts's, the hosier, olbion," "The Battle of Agincourt," or Frisby's, the oilman." On the south "Court of Faerie," and "The Muses' side of this street is the St. James's Elysium," rank him high amongst Hotel. When Sir Walter Scott returned England's poets.-Cowley, who "lisped from the Continent in 1832, the mind in numbers," was born in Fleet-street. and body alike diseased, he was taken-In Fetter-lane, running between Fleetto this hotel, where he lay, nearly street and Holborn, Dryden lived for insensible, till, on the 7th of July, he some time; as did Hobbes, the author was removed to Abbotsford. He reached of "Leviathan," while that book was his home on the 9th, and died on the in course of publication.-Praise-God 12th of September,-the state of almost Barebones, a furious fanatic, who gave total insensibility continuing till the his name to the Barebones' Parliament; close of life. 66 'We shall not look upon Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford; and his like again."- Leicester-square is Etty, the painter, lived in Buckinghamcelebrated as being the residence of street, Strand; and, for some part of Wm. Hogarth, the painter, whose house his life, Dr. Johnson.

now forms the northern half of the In Holborn resided Milton, as we Sablonière Hotel. John Hunter, the have already mentioned. The poet had founder of the Hunterian Museum, and two residences in this street; first in Sir Joshua Reynolds, also lived in Lei- 1647, when he lived in a house which cester-square. Sir Isaac Newton had a opened backwards into Lincoln'shouse in St. Martin's-street, on the Inn-Fields;" and next at a house oversouth side of the square. In Orange- looking what were then called Red court, Leicester-square, Holcroft, the Lion Fields, now Red Lion-square. dramatist, was born.

From thence he removed to Jewin

street, Aldersgate-street. He died in connected with Wycherley, the draArtillery-walk, Bunhill Fields. Gerald, matist, occurred in Hatton Garden. In the Herbalist, and Sir Kenelm Digby, the reign of Charles II., the Countess are also names connected with this of Drogheda, a rich, young and beaulocality. Cibber, the elder, lived in tiful widow, resided in lodgings there. Holborn, near St. Andrew's Church. Wycherley had been introduced to her Gray's-Inn-lane, which runs out of Hol- ladyship at a bookseller's shop at Tonborn, was the residence of James bridge, and he followed her to London; Shirley, a dramatic poet of the Eliza-" where in a little time," says Dennis, bethan age. The names of two other in his "Letters," "he got her consent poets, John Ogilby, translator of to marry her." This marriage lost him Homer, and the Rev. John Langhorne, the favour of the king; and as his title are likewise associated with Gray's-Inn- to the countess's fortune (which she lane. The latter, after the loss of his left him at her death) was disputed, it wife, whom he deeply regretted, fre- ultimately involved him in considerable quented the "Peacock," then famous embarrassments. In Shoe-lane, which for Burton ale; and he is said to have runs from Holborn to Fleet-street, is a caused his death by too copious pota- low and mean place, called Gunpowdertions of his favourite drink. In the alley. Here, in 1658, died Richard days of his penury and distress, Dr. Lovelace, the poet, who by vicissitudes Johnson lived in Gray's-Inn-lane; and of fortune had been reduced to great during part of the time he was writing distress.

his dictionary, he lived in Holborn. Ben Jonson (who was born in HartsIn St. Andrew's Church, Holborn, are horn-lane, near Charing-cross) resided interred, Webster, the dramatist, Dr. in Bartholomew-close, as did Dr. Caius, Sacheverell, and Joseph Strutt, the founder of Caius' College, Cambridge. learned and laborious antiquary. In Camden, the antiquary, was born in the Brook-street, Holborn, Savage, the poet, was born; and Chatterton,

"The marvellous boy,

Old Bailey; and Hogarth, the painter, was born in Ship-court, in that street. In Cheapside, Sir Richard Blackmore, The sleepless soul that perished in his pride," tised as a physician. He was made author of "Prince Arthur," &c., pracmet his untimely fate. His attempt to Censor of the College of Physicians, pass off some poems of his own as and knighted by William III. Lord those of Rowley, a priest of Bristol, in Chancellor More was born in Milkthe fifteenth century, is well known to street. Sir William Blackstone, author all literary men. It failed, and, his of the "Commentaries," Stowe, the hisvisions of fame and fortune dissipated, torian, and Gray, the poet, were born reduced to poverty, and no prospect on Cornhill, where Defoe resided, and for the future, he took poison, and died kept a hosier's shop. In Lombard-street on the 25th of August, 1770, before he lived Thomas Guy (born in 1644, died had completed his eighteenth year. in 1724), who by his trade as a book"No English poet," says Campbell, seller, the disreputable practice of pur"equalled him at the same age." The chasing sailors' tickets, and other purhouse in which he died, No. 4, was suits, amassed a fortune of half a kept by a Mrs. Angell. It is now million. He devoted the greater part pulled down. He was buried in the to charitable purposes; 200,000l. being burial-ground of Shoe-lane workhouse, appropriated to the hospital which bears which now forms a part of Farringdon his name in Southwark. Alexander Market. In Hatton Garden died Dr. Pope was born in Lombard-street, in Bute, [1669] who attended Cromwell 1688. His father was a linen-draper, on his death-bed. A little romance who had amassed a considerable fortune.

CHAPTER X.

WILL INTEREST THE ENGINEER AND SHIP BUILDER.

CONTAINING A FULL DESCRIPTION OF THE CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING WORKS OF LONDON, WITH THE SHIP AND DOCK YARDS.

THE metropolis of England can boast months in building. This noble bridge, of some of the most surprising en- the site of which is about a hundred gineering works which the world can feet westward of the former structure, produce. They comprise bridges, docks, was commenced from the designs of and railways, with several miscellaneous the late Mr. Rennie; but it devolved works. We shall first describe the on his sons, Mr. George and Sir John BRIDGES, which are seven in number; and, commencing with London Bridge, they stand in the following order :1. LONDON. 5. HUNGERFORD.

2. SOUTHWARK.

6. WESTMINSTER.

3. BLACKFRIARS. 7. VAUXHALL, 4. WATERLOO.

Rennie, to complete the task. It is built of various kinds of granite, and is a masterpiece of construction. It consists of five arches, the centre one being 152 feet span, and the other four 140 feet each. The total length of the structure is 1005 feet; breadth, 56 feet, and height from low-water mark, 1. LONDON BRIDGE was built over 60 feet: 120,000 tons of stone were the Thames, pretty near the site of the used in its construction; and the total present one, at a very early period. cost, including the approaches, was, The first bridge, of wood, was erected 1,458,3117. 88. 11ąd.

near Botolph's-wharf. This was suc- 2. SOUTHWARK BRIDGE. This iron ceeded by a stone edifice, of twenty bridge was erected in less than five arches, placed a little below the present years,-the works being commenced in bridge. It was commenced in 1176, September, 1814; the first stone of the and finished in 1209. It was covered piers laid May 23, 1815; and the public with houses, and was the scene of many opening took place in April, 1819. It events connected with the history of was originally projected by Mr. John London. These houses were not all Wyatt, but the plans were drawn up removed till the middle of the last by the late Mr. John Rennie, under century. In 1757 and 1758 they were whose direction it was erected. It has all cleared away, and at the same time three segmental arches of cast-iron,-the bridge underwent a thorough re- the centre arch having a span of 240 pair. It had, however, long before that feet, and the end ones of 210 feet each. period, been complained of, as destitute The clear waterway, 660 feet; and the of the proper facilities for the transition total width, including the abutments, of passengers, and dangerous for vessels; is 708 feet. The bridge was erected by and in 1823 an Act of Parliament was a public company; and the cost, with passed for building a new one. The the approaches, was 800,0002. works were commenced on the 15th of 3. BLACKFRIARS. - This structure is. March, 1824, by driving the first pile, composed of Portland stone, designed and on the 15th of June, 1825, the by Mr. Robert Mylne, then surveyor of foundation-stone of the first pier was St. Paul's Cathedral. It consists of nine laid by the Lord Mayor. It was opened semi-elliptical arches; the centre one to the public on the 1st of August, has a span of 100 feet; the four on 1831; having been seven years and three each side are respectively 98, 93, 83,

--

and 70 feet wide. The total length of fended by an open balustrade, with a the water-way is 788 feet; the width frieze and cornice. The total waterfrom face to face of the abutments, way is 1080 feet; but the roads and 996 feet; the width of the carriage- approaches being curved, on semiway, 28 feet, and of the footpaths, 7 feet circular arches, 766 feet on the Surrey, each. The cornice was originally sur- and 310 feet on the Middlesex side, mounted by a stone balustrade; and besides an elliptical arch of 26 feet span the ends are thrown out in a quadrant- over the Belvidere-road, and a small form, having flights of steps leading to embankment 165 yards long, make the the water. Over each pier is a screen total length 2456 feet. The clear formed by iron pillars. This bridge height above high-water is 30 feet. was opened as a bridleway, Nov. 19, The first stone was laid Oct. 11, 1811, 1768, and for general traffic, Nov. 19, and it was opened on the second anni1769; the cost was 152,840. Till versary of the battle of Waterloo, June 22, 1785, a toll of a halfpenny for June 18, 1817,-taking its name from each foot-passenger (raised to a penny that memorable event. The cost was on Sundays) was levied. In that year 1,000,000l.; and the proprietors levied government bought and abolished the a toll of a penny on foot-passengers, toll. Large sums have been spent upon now reduced to a halfpenny. It has this bridge since its erection; and in been a sad losing speculation to the 1837 it was thoroughly repaired. In shareholders.

that year the stone balustrade was 5. HUNGERFORD BRIDGE.-This is a removed. From this bridge fine views remarkable suspension-bridge, from the of St. Paul's Cathedral, the Tower, the design of Sir Isambard K. Brunel, Monument, Somerset House, West- crossing the river from Hungerfordminster Abbey, and about thirty-six market to the York-road, Lambeth. It churches, are obtained. has a main arch of the span of 676 feet

4. WATERLOO BRIDGE. This is one 6 inches, between the piers, with two of those works of which Englishmen side ones of 333 feet each, and the width may be proud; and it is a noble result between the abutments is 1352 feet of private enterprise. Canova, who 6 inches. The height of the road-way, deemed this bridge the finest structure in the centre, from high-water mark is in the world, of its class, when asked 32 feet, its clear width 14 feet. There what struck him most forcibly during are two towers, or piers, carrying the his visit to England, is said to have chains, built in an Italian style, each replied, "That the trumpery Chinese 22 feet square, and 58 feet above the bridge, in St. James's-park, should be road. The road-way is carried by four the production of the government, massy chains from these towers, the whilst that of Waterloo was the work total weight of which is 715 tons. The of a private company." M. Dupin, first stone was laid in 1841; and it was whose authority on such points none opened on Friday, April 18, 1845. It can doubt, pronounced it to be a work is for foot-passengers only, and a toll of "worthy of Sesostris and the Cæsars.” one halfpenny for each is charged each It is of granite, built from the designs way. and under the superintendence of Mr. Rennie, and consists of nine semi-elliptical arches, each of 120 feet span, the piers being 20 feet thick. The width of the carriage-way is 28 feet, and that of each side footpath 7 feet. It is de

* Quarterly Review, No. 112, p. 309.

6. WESTMINSTER BRIDGE.-This bridge, of Portland stone, was erected from the design of Mons. Labelye, a Swiss architect; the first stone being laid on the 29th of January, 1739; and it was opened on the 18th Nov., 1750; the cost, including repairs of the pier, which sank during the erection, was 389,500l.