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CHAPTER XII.

LEARNING AND SCIENCE.

THIS chapter is divided into the fol- men for the ministry of Independent lowing parts:

1. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 2. LEARNED AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. 3. THE MEDICAL PRACTICE IN LONDON, AND THE HOSPITALS.

4. MUSEUMS, OBSERVATORIES, &C.

DIVISION I.-EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.

THIS division comprises all the public colleges and schools in London, of any note, arranged alphabetically.

BAPTIST COLLEGE, Stepney.- Established 1810.

Chapels.

QUEEN'S COLLEGE, 67, Harley-street.— Established 1848, for general female education, and for granting to governesses certificates of qualification.

QUEEN'S COLLEGE, (City Branch), 4, Artillery-place, Finsbury-square.

SION COLLEGE, London Wall.-Found

ST. PETER'S COLLEGE, commonly called WESTMINSTER SCHOOL, South side of the Abbey.-Founded 1590, by Queen Elizabeth, for the classical education of forty boys, and then called Queen's scholars. There are several charges, in this school, GRESHAM COLLEGE, Basinghall-street. as extras, amounting to a considerable Instituted 1581. It derives its name sum. It is one of the most celebrated from Sir Thomas Gresham, who founded schools in the kingdom. the Royal Exchange. The present college was opened in Nov. 1843. During ed in 1623. This institution is intended the four law terms, lectures are daily for the use of the London clergy, with delivered in Latin, at twelve o'clock at free access to the extensive library. noon; and in English at one o'clock; Almshouses are endowed for twenty except those on geometry and music, poor persons in the lower part of the which are delivered at seven in the building. evening. There are seven subjects,—| UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, Gower-street.divinity, civil law, astronomy, music, A proprietary institution "for the gegeometry, rhetoric, and physic. neral advancement of literature and

KING'S COLLEGE, Somerset House.- science, by affording to young men Incorporated 1829. The course of edu- adequate opportunities for obtaining cation comprises religious instruction, literary and scientific education at a according to the principles of the Es- moderate expense."-This institution tablished Church; Greek and Latin owes its origin to Lord Brougham, and classics, mathematics, and general litera- has, for its leading feature, an entire ture. There are also medical and military disregard to the religious creed of departments. Apartments are fitted up its students. There is also a junior in the college for students, and libraries school connected with the establishattached to the several departments. ment for boys under sixteen years of LADIES' COLLEGE, 47, Bedford-square. age. The building was erected by W. -The pupils are under the manage- Wilkins, R.A. In the hall are some ment of a committee of lady visitors. valuable models by Flaxman, the NEW COLLEGE, St. John's Wood-road. sculptor.

-Founded 1850, by the union of High- THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, Somerset bury, Homerton, and Coward Colleges. House.-Instituted 1837, for the examIt is intended for educating young ination of candidates, and the granting

of degrees to students educated at the to professional and commercial pursuits. various institutions connected with the The number of scholars is from 400 University. The University is supported to 500. partly by fees, and partly by government grants, expended in salaries to examiners, scholarships, exhibitions, &c.

SCHOOLS.

LICENSED VICTUALLERS' SCHOOL, Kennington-lane.-Established 1803.

MERCERS' GRAMMAR SCHOOL, College Hill.-Founded 1522.

MERCHANT TAILORS' SCHOOL, Suffolklane, Cannon-street.-Established 1561, for the education of children of all

ASKE'S HOSPITAL.-For the education nations, 250 scholars, by moderate payof 20 boys. ment. One of the most eminent estab

BLUE COAT SCHOOL, Westminster.-lishments in England. Liberal prizes Established 1688.

given.

BRAY'S (DR.) INSTITUTION, 52, Hatton
Garden. Established 1733, for lending- Tothill-street.-Established 1655.
libraries in England and Wales, and
America.

PALMER AND HILL'S GRAMMAR SCHOOL,

BRITISH UNION SCHOOL, Shakespeare's Walk, Shadwell.-Established 1816. BURLINGTON SCHOOL, Boyle-street, Regent-street.-Established 1699.

PHILOLOGICAL SCHOOL, Gloucesterplace, near Lisson-grove.-Founded 1792. First-class education for sons of clergymen, &c. &c. &c.

QUAKERS' SCHOOL, Goswell-street Road.
RAINE'S SCHOOL, Old Gravel-lane, St.

CAMBERWELL FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. George's-in-the-East.-Established 1719, -Established 1615.

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for educating and clothing 100 children Estab-50 boys and 50 girls.

CHRIST'S HOSPITAL, Newgate-street.—

See Chapter V.

RICH'S GRAMMAR SCHOOL, Lambeth. -Established 1672.

ROYAL FREEMASONS' SCHOOL, West

CHURCH OF ENGLAND METROPOLITAN minster-road. — Established 1788, for TRAINING INSTITUTION, Highbury.-Es- maintaining, clothing, and educating tablished in 1849. female children.

CITY OF LONDON SCHOOL, Milk-street, Cheapside. Established 1837, for sons of respectable persons.

COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS' SCHOOL, Wanstead. Established 1847, for the education of the children of commercial travellers.

GERMAN SCHOOL, Savoy, Strand.Established 1743.

ROYAL MASONIC INSTITUTION. EStablished 1798, for clothing, educating, &c., sons of indigent and decayed freemasons.

ROYAL NAVAL SCHOOL, New Cross, Deptford.-Established 1833, for sons of naval and marine officers.

ROYAL NAVAL FEMALE SCHOOL, Richmond, Surrey.-Founded 1840. Office, Sackville-street.

GREAT COAT SCHOOL, Westminster.--32, Established 1706, for 67 boys and 33 girls.

SMITH'S GRAMMAR SCHOOL, St. Lawrence, Jewry, Milton-street.-Established 1693.

HIGHGATE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, Highgate. Established 1515, for 40 scholars ST. OLAVE AND ST. JOHN'S GRAMMAR out of Highgate, Holloway, Hornsey, &c. SCHOOL, Bermondsey-street, Southwark. ISLINGTON PROPRIETARY SCHOOL, Is--Founded 1571, by letters patent lington.-Established 1830. granted by Queen Elizabeth. There is KING'S COLLEGE SCHOOL, Somerset a Classical School for 320 boys; and a House. This is a public grammar Branch School for 250 boys; all inhaschool. The course of education is of bitants of these parishes, either rich a liberal and useful character, adapted or poor. Fees for apprentices, and

presentations to the Universities, are markable feature of the present age. awarded. There are now 90 of those schools in ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL, St. Paul's Church- the metropolis; they gather together yard.-Founded 1509. Endowed by the poor, the vicious, and the depraved. Dr. John Colet, Dean of St. Paul's, for Those who have not the means of the education of 153 boys of all coun-going to school, and those who, left to tries indifferently. themselves, would never employ those ST. SAVIOUR'S GRAMMAR SCHOOL, means, even if they possessed themSouthwark.-Established 1562, by let-there have the opportunity given them ters patent of Queen Elizabeth. of obtaining some information, and of TENISON'S (ARCHBISHOP) GRAMMAR removing a portion of the ignorance SCHOOL, Castle-street, Leicester-square.— in which they appear to be incrusted. Founded 1687. 'Ragged" in attire are nearly all of

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The reader will have a very faint these children; and still more ragged idea of the educational engines which were they in their minds. All were are at work in London, if he imagines accustomed to the street, begging or that the "Colleges and Schools we stealing their vocation: yet these aphave enumerated comprise all our edu-parently incorrigible beings have been cational establishments, or supposes tempted to study! They have learnt that there do not exist in this metro-something amongst the multifarious polis means and appliances for training branches of human knowledge; better the ductile mind, and imparting use- still, they have been taught to pray. ful knowledge," even beyond those in They have, many of them, eschewed our lists in point of number, though their idle habits, and have become they may stand below many of those useful members of society. An experiestablishments in social estimation, and ment is making with others. The do not pretend to vie with them in the pedestrian in London may see, at the higher departments of human learning. bridge-foot and at corners, near the There are in London about 800 private parks, and other frequented places, schools, for both sexes, conducted by boys with hairy caps, dark trousers, men and women, most of them fully red jackets, and aprons, with shoeadequate to the task of education: and brushing apparatus before them. These although parents may prefer sending are elèves of the "Ragged Schools," and their children to schools in the country, most of them are designed for emigraas a means of benefiting their health, tion; if, on this trial, it is found that (which, by-the-bye, we think a chime- their former vagrant and predatory rical idea; for, except in the very worst habits have given way to a wish to lead parts of London, the health and longe-a more steady, regular, and praisevity of the metropolis are quite equal worthy life. Honour be to the first to those of the provinces), no London projector of Ragged Schools. Honour parent thinks of sending his offspring be to those self-denying men and women from home, because they cannot, at who give up their time, and endure home, obtain there as good an education many disagreeable things, in order to as England can afford. And then, what instruct the ragged scholars. a mass of good is effected by the self- Extensive are the operations of the denial, patience, and indomitable zeal National School Society. At present of the managers and teachers of the that Society has, in London, at least parochial schools; and the various 7000 schools, and 600,000 scholars, other establishments, such the with about 250,000 Sunday scholars. National Schools, the British Schools, The British and Foreign School Society, the Sunday Schools, the Ragged Schools, also, counts its schools and its scholars [see Chapter XVII.]) the latter a re- by thousands. The Wesleyans, the Con

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gregationalists, the Roman Catholics, BRITAIN AND IRELAND, 26, Suffolk-street, and the Jews, have all their schools, Haymarket.—Established 1843, to eneither wholly free, or at which one courage and prosecute researches into penny or twopence a week only is paid the arts and monuments of the middle by each scholar. And there are several ages. Meet the first Friday in every county schools, such as the "Yorkshire month, from November to June, with Schools," and the "Westmoreland So- an annual meeting in some city or ciety;" with schools peculiarly Irish, town in the country." and exclusively Scotch; and many detached educational charities for the Bedford-street, Covent Garden.-Estabpoor. If the learning supplied at some lished 1836. The Herbarium is open of these seminaries is not of the very to the inspection of the members, and best description, still they must effect other Botanists, every Friday evening, a vast amount of good. And thousands from 7 till 10.

BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 20,

of the children, both male and female, DR. BRAY'S INSTITUTION, 52, Hatton as they pass from childhood to ado- Garden.-Established 1733, for lendinglescence, commence the task of self- libraries in England and Wales, and education; and, in the Mechanics' In-America. stitutions, and Literary Societies, carry out the good work which the parish or national school had begun.

But we must now advert to

DIVISION II.-LEARNED AND SCIENTIFIC

BRITISH ARCHEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, York-street, Covent Garden. Established 1843, with the same object as the Institute.

BRITISH MUSEUM LIBRARY. - This library contains about 500,000 volumes. SOCIETIES, AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Access is gained by some well-known These Societies abound in the Metro-person vouching for the respectability polis at the present day; and tending of the applicant.

to the diffusion of knowledge, to the CAMDEN SOCITEY, 25, Parliament-street. cultivation of a refined and intellectual Established 1838, for the publication taste, to the improvement of manners, of historical documents, letters, &c. and to the creation of a social feeling, Every work published is superintended that cannot but advance the happiness by a council of 15 members. of man, they demand the attention of CITY OF LONDON INSTITUTION, Aldersthe philanthropist. In the following gate-street.-Established for the culti list we have enumerated the most vation of science and literature among prominent, those which are most the middle classes. There is an extensive likely to arrest attention, and to repay and well-selected library, with theatre curiosity. and reading rooms attached. ALFRIC SOCIETY, 177, Piccadilly.— EAST INDIA COMPANY'S LIBRARY, East Founded in 1842, and named from India House.-This library contains Elfric, Archbishop of Canterbury, who some valuable and curious MSS.; the died in 1006. This society republishes printed books chiefly relate to India. Anglo-Saxon, and other literary MSS. It is open to students every week-day, ANTIQUARIES, (SOCIETY OF), Somerset from 10 till 4, the librarian or curator House.-Founded in 1707, for promoting or an East India Director giving leave: the study of antiquities. Their trans- visitors are admitted between the same actions, published under the title of hours on Mondays and Thursdays, by Archæologia, commenced in 1710. They tickets from members of the Court, or meet every Thursday, from Nov. to other authorities of the Company. On June, and celebrate their anniversary Saturday any person may be admitted on the 23rd of April. See also Chap. VI. on giving his or her name and address ARCHEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT to the Clerk.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY SOCIETY, 12, nate Wednesdays, from November to Haymarket. This society was estab-June.

lished to cultivate a field of literature, HAKLUYT SOCIETY, 100, St. Martin'sthen only partially explored; viz., the lane.-Established 1846. Named after history, antiquity, and literature of the Hakluyt, the celebrated collector of English Church. It has published voyages and travels; it has the same several works connected with those sub- object, and has already published jects; and is under the patronage and several volumes. sanction of the episcopacy.

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY (ROYAL).— ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 17, Old Established 1804, incorporated 1809. Bond-street.-Founded in 1834, for the The gardens of this society are at Chisimprovement and diffusion of Ento- wick, where there are three exhibitions mological science. It has published five held during the year, in May, June, and volumes of transactions, copiously illus- July, when medals are distributed for trated with plates, many of them the best flowers and fruit. The days of coloured. The society possesses a very the exhibition are advertised, and the extensive collection of insects, British tickets sold at 5s. each previous to the and foreign, and a library of works on day, and 7s. 6d. upon the day of Entomology. The rooms are open exhibition. The May exhibition is the every Monday, from 2 till 7 p.m.; but best for flowers; the June show is the strangers are not admitted to view the most fashionable in attendance; and collection unless accompanied by a the July show is the best for fruits. letter of introduction from some member The gardens are open daily from 9 till 6, or subscriber. when visitors are admitted by order

ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 17, Savile- from a fellow. row. Founded in 1845, to inquire into INCORPORATED LAW SOCIETY, Chanthe distinguishing characteristics, phy- cery-lane.-Established 1823, incorposical and moral, of the varieties of man- rated 1831. It was instituted to provide kind which inhabit, or have inhabited, "a hall for the daily use of the prothe earth, and to ascertain the causes fession; a library, and lecture-room; of such characteristics. The society fire-proof rooms for the deposits of publishes transactions, and a library deeds and papers; and an office for conand museum are in active formation. centrating information" useful to the The meetings are held monthly, from profession. Lectures are regularly deNov. to June inclusive; the anniversary livered in the hall.

is in May.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, 25, GAELIC SOCIETY, British Coffee-house, Great George-street, Westminster.--EstabCockspur street.- Established 1830, to lished 1818; incorporated by royal "accustom the members to the lan- charter, 1828. This institution was guage, poetry, music, and dress of the established to afford a means of interGael." The affairs of the society are communication between the members conducted in the Gaelic language, which of the engineering profession. The every member must speak. The meet- transactions are published, and the ings are held on the second Monday in members meet every Tuesday, from the each month; the anniversary is on the beginning of November till May. 17th of August. LINNEAN SOCIETY, 32, Soho-square.— GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Somerset House. Established 1788. It derives its name -Established 1807, incorporated by from the celebrated botanist, Linnæus. Royal Charter 1826. Its object is to Its object is the cultivation of natural promote the study and the advancement history. It has a library, open to all of geological science. The members members, on Mondays, Tuesdays, and (about 875 in number) meet on alter-Thursdays, between 12 and 4; and a

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