cities in Lycia, one of the south-west with Pericles, and who built the Parprovinces of Asia Minor, inhabited by thenon at Athens. At the sides of the a mixed population of an aboriginal saloon, over the Phigalian frieze, are race called Solymi and Termile, and by two pediments, of precisely the same the Greeks, who had colonized it at an form and dimensions as those which early period before the epoch of the decorated the eastern and western ends Trojan war. These monuments were of the temple of Jupiter Panhellenius, removed from that country by two ex- in the island of Egina. The pediment peditions undertaken by Her Majesty's at the north side of the room is taken Government in the years 1842-1846, from the western end of the temple; 'it under the direction of Sir C. Fellows, contains ten figures, and it is supposed by whom the greater part of them were that there was originally one more, who discovered. They consist of sculptured was stooping down to assist the fallen remains, ranging in date from the sub- warrior, who is wounded, at the feet of jugation of the country by the Persians, Minerva. The subject is supposed to B. C. 545, to the period of the Byzan- be a contest between the Greeks and tine Empire. With them are exhibited Trojans for the body of Patroclus. some plaster casts of certain other Only five figures remain of the other sculptures, of which the removal was pediment, which is the more to be renot found practicable, but of which fac- gretted, as the sculpture is of a higher similes were necessary as illustrations character. Round the sides of this of the history of art, and as documents room, beneath the Phigalian frieze, and for the study of a language and written on the floor, are eleven bas-reliefs, forcharacter found in Lycia, and appa- merly part of the celebrated mausoleum rently peculiar to that part of Asia at Halicarnassus, a tomb erected in Minor. honour of Mausolus, king of Caria, by

The Nimroud Room contains sculp- his wife Artemisia, in the 4th year of tures procured by Mr. Layard, in Meso- the 106th Olympiad, B. C. 353. This potamia, chiefly from ruins now called monument, one of the seven wonders Nimroud, a few miles below Mosul, on of the world, was built by the archithe Tigris, during the years 1846 and tects Phiteus and Satyrus, and adorned 1847. The nation is indebted to the with sculptures by five sculptors, viz., private munificence of Sir Stratford Can- Pythis, Praxiteles, Bryaxis, Timoning for the first assistance which was theus, and Leochares, all artists of the offered to Mr. Layard in the prosecution later Athenian school. of his interesting researches. Large ad- Elgin Saloon and Greek Sculpture.ditions to this collection are expected. So called from the marbles having beThe Phigalian Saloon contains, from longed to the Earl of Elgin. It conNos. 1-11, bas-reliefs, representing tains the marbles from the Parthenon the battles of the Centaurs and La- at Athens. Nos. 1-16 are the mepithæ, and 12-23, the combat between topes of the Parthenon. Nos. 17-24, the Greeks and the Amazons. They that portion of the frieze which occuwere found in the ruins of the temple pied the east end of the temple. Nos. of Apollo Epicurius, built on Mount 25-46, portion of the frieze from the Cotylion, at a little distance from the north side of the temple. No. 47, a ancient city of Phigalia, in Arcadia. single slab from the frieze at the west The interest of these marbles is much end. 48-61, Plaster casts, comprising enhanced by our knowledge of the pre- the remainder of the frieze at the west cise time when they were executed. end of the temple. Nos. 62-90, that Pausanias, in his description of this portion of the frieze which enriched temple, informs us that it was built by the south side. Sculptures 91-106 are Ictinus, an architect contemporary from the pediments of the Parthenon.

The Egyptian Antiquities of the jects of which are generally mytholoBritish Museum form the largest col-gical. These vases are principally from lection in Europe of colossal antiqui- Vulci, Canino, and the north of Rome. ties, and are contained in the Egyptian The vases in cases 20-30, executed Saloon down stairs, and in the room up- with more care and finish, are princistairs. It would be impossible, in such pally from Canino and Nola. Those a book as this, to enumerate any of in the room, commencing case 31, and this immense collection. The saloon ending case 55, are of the later style of contains the heavier objects, such as these objects, and chiefly from the procolumns, statues, sarcophagi, tablets, vince of the Basilicata, which lies to sepulchral urns, etc. etc. The cases in the south of Rome; their subjects are the Egyptian Room contain, in Nos. principally relative to Bacchus. Among 1, 5, deities; 6, coffins, etc.; 7-11, them will be found, case 35, some rhysacred animals and birds; 12, 13, small tons or drinking-cups fashioned in the statues; 14-19, household furniture; shape of the heads of animals. In the 20, 21, objects of dress, etc.; 22-25, cases 36-51, are vases from Apulia, vases; 26, vases and lamps; 27, resembling in their colour and treatmummy coffin; 28-32, bowls, cups, ment those of Nola. Cases 56-60, vases, etc.; 33-35, vases of bronze, filled with terracottas, principally of agricultural implements, etc.; 36, 37, Etruscan workmanship, and in the fragments of tombs, weapons, etc.; centre are various divinities and mytho38, coffin, boards, etc.; 39, inscrip-logical groups. Vases with representions, etc.; 40-45, boxes, baskets, tations on both sides are exhibited in tools, musical instruments, etc.; 46-glass cases in the centre of the room. 50, mummies, coffins, etc.; 52-58, Medal Room.-At the farther end of animal mummies; 59-102, coffins, the tenth room is the Medal Room, mummies, etc. etc. where are deposited a large collection Bronze Room contains a valuable of Coins and Medals, the basis of which collection of Egyptian, Greek, and was formed by the cabinets of Sir Hans Roman antiquities. Cases 1-26 being Sloane and Sir Robert Cotton, and which Egyptian; 29-112, containing Greek has been from time to time enlarged by and Roman. many valuable purchases and donations,

Etruscan Room.-In this room is a but principally by the munificent donacollection of vases discovered in Italy, tion of his late Majesty King George and known by the name of Etruscan, IV., by the bequests of the Rev. C. M. Græco-Italian, or painted vases. They Cracherode and R. P. Knight, Esq., and are of various epochs and styles. The the donations of Lady Banks and W. present collection is arranged chrono- Marsden, Esq. It is comprehended logically, and according to the localities under the three following heads:-1. in which they were found. In the cases Ancient Coins; 2. Modern Coins; 3. 1-5 are vases of heavy black ware, Medals. The first of these heads consome with figures upon them in bas- sists of Greek and Roman coins. The relief, the work of the ancient Etrus- Greek coins are arranged in geographicans, and principally found at Vulci, cal order, and include all those struck Chiusi, and Cervetri or Care. To these with Greek characters, in Greece, or succeed, in cases 6, 7, the vases, called elsewhere, by kings, states, or cities Nolan-Egyptian or Phoenician, with which were independent of the Ropale backgrounds and figures in a deep mans. With this class are placed likereddish maroon colour, chiefly of ani- wise the coins of free states and cities, mals. To these succeed, in cases 8-19, which made use of either the Etruscan, the early vases, with black figures upon Roman, Punic, Spanish, or other chared or orange backgrounds, the sub-racters. The Roman coins are placed,

as far as it can be ascertained, in chro- Lansdowne MSS.; the Royal MSS.; nological order. They consist of the the Sloane and Birch MSS.; the As and its divisions; Family or Con- Arundel MSS.; the Burney, Hargrave, sular coins; Imperial coins struck in and a large and miscellaneous collecRome; Imperial coins struck in Egypt; tion of "Additional MSS." The conImperial coins struck with Greek cha- tents of this collection are valued at racters, in different states and cities £300,000. Our limits prevent even an subject to the Romans; Imperial coins enumeration of the more important. struck in the Roman colonies; Impe- Any person wishing to obtain what is rial coins struck with Punic characters; called a "Reader's Ticket," must apply and Contorniates. The second head, to Sir Henry Ellis, the librarian, with comprising modern coins, consists of the introduction of a member of ParAnglo-Saxon, English, Anglo-Gallic, liament, an alderman of the City of Scotch, and Irish coins, and likewise London, a rector of a London parish, the coins of foreign nations. This or from any member of the learned class is arranged according to the re- societies. The ticket admits the holder spective countries to which the coins during six months, when it may be rebelong, those of each country being newed upon application at the readingkept separate. The third head, which room.

comprises a class considerably more CHRIST'S HOSPITAL, Newgate-street. modern than either of those which-Founded on the site of the Grey precede it, consists of medals struck in Friars' Monastery, by Edward the our own country, and of those which Sixth, in 1553. It is commonly called have been struck abroad. These are the Bluecoat School. The establisharranged in the same manner as the ment as first founded consisted only of modern coins. a grammar school for boys, and a sepa

The Print Room, which is at the north rate school for girls, where they were end of the west wing upon the ascent taught to read, sew, and mark. In adof the staircase to the Egyptian Room, dition to these, Charles the Second contains an extensive and valuable col-founded a mathematical school and lection of Prints and Drawings, an im- ward on the west part of the hospital, portant part of which were bequeathed for the instruction of forty boys in the by the Rev. M. C. Cracherode and R. mathematics and navigation, and libeP. Knight, Esq. Several of the Egyptian rally endowed it with £1,000, paid out Papyri, written in the hieroglyphical, of the Exchequer for seven years. hieratical, enchorial, or demotic cha- Another mathematical school, now racter, which have been framed and joined to the preceding, was afterwards glazed, are arranged on the walls of the founded by Mr. Travers, for thirty-seven passage leading to this room. The con- boys. The Lord Mayor and Corporatents of the Medal and Print Rooms tion of London are directors and procan be seen only by very few persons moters of the Institution, and the whole at a time, and by particular permission. community of Great Britain have the The Library of Printed Books con- opportunity of carrying on this glorious tains about 600,000 volumes. Two work. A donation of £400 constitutes large rooms are devoted to the purpose a governor. The annual expenditure of reading, and are open to the public for the support of the Institution is upon certain conditions. In these about £30,000. There are generally in rooms are kept the cyclopædias and this establishment from 1,000 to 1,200 books of reference, as well as the ca- boys and girls receiving their education, talogues of the library. besides being clothed and boarded. The The Manuscripts comprise the Cot- buildings of Christ's Hospital are exton MSS.; the Harleian MSS.; the tensive but irregular, and having been

for some time in a state of decay, the COAL EXCHANGE, Lower Thamesgovernors determined on rebuilding the street, erected after the designs of whole, from designs by Mr. Shaw. In Mr. Bunning, City architect, was opened 1822, a new infirmary was completed, by Prince Albert in state, 1849. It and on April 28th, 1825, the late Duke presents two distinct elevations, conof York laid the first stone of the new nected by a circular tower, one hundred hall, which was opened in 1829. This feet high, within the re-entering angle structure is in the Tudor style of archi- formed by the two fronts. The buildtecture. It is 187 feet in length, and ing is faced throughout with Portland 51 in width, and 46 high. The south stone, and contains on the ground floor, front, in the centre of which is a statue in addition to suites of offices, an area of Edward the Sixth, is of stone, and of upwards of 4,000 superficial feet, for is flanked by towers, which rise above the meeting of the merchants, including the other parts; between these are a circle, sixty feet in diameter, the eight lofty windows, separated by but- whole height of the building covered tresses. The interior is adorned with with a glazed dome of cast-iron ribs, the arms of the governors, and with supported on each story by ornamented several portraits, amongst which are cast-iron stauncheons. This, from its Charles the Second, by Sir Peter Lely, magnitude and novelty of design, forms and Queen Anne.__Over one of the gal- a prominent feature of the building. leries is hung Holbein's picture of The height, from the floor to the top of Edward the Sixth granting the charter the dome, is about seventy feet. The to the Hospital. Another picture re-interior decorations are by Mr. F. Sang, presents Charles the Second and his and represent various species of ferns courtiers, giving audience to the gover- and other fossilized plants found in the nors of the Institution, and contains strata of the coal formation. The area portraits of Judge Jefferies, and the is boarded by light and dark oak, in the painter Verrio himself. At each end form of the mariner's compass, and conof the hall is a gallery, and over one of sists of upwards of 40,000 pieces of them an organ. The court room is wood. Some of the decorations illuslikewise ornamented with numerous fine trate the principal collieries; others portraits, particularly one of Edward are portraits and specimens of colliers' the Sixth, by Holbein. On the front employment, etc. This department of of the writing school is a marble statue trade forms one of the largest in London, of Sir John Moore, its founder, and and employs upwards of 20,000 seamen. over the south entrance to Christ's For quantity of coal consumed in Hospital is a statue of Edward the London, see Chapter IV. Sixth. An interesting sight is exhi- Here also is an object of great interest bited in the hall every Sunday evening to the antiquary, viz., a Roman hypoduring Lent, at which period the caust. See Chapter VI. children sup together at seven o'clock: Mr. Bunning has kindly given instrangers are admitted by tickets, easily structions to the clerk of the market obtained from any person connected and the beadle to afford every facility to with the establishment. In this hall strangers wishing to see both the Exlikewise, the lord mayor, aldermen, change and the hypocaust. etc., attend on St. Matthew's Day, to THE COLOSSEUM, Regent's Park, was hear orations from the senior boys. erected in 1824, after designs by Mr. Visitors can only be admitted on this Decimus Burton, for description of occasion by tickets. which see Chapter VII.

CLUB HOUSES, about Pall Mall.- As an exhibition of art and amuseDescribed in the architectural department, the Colosseum takes the lead, both ment of this work, Chapter VII. in magnitude and the variety of its

sources of amusement. There are at figures, representing Industry and present two panoramas exhibiting there, Plenty, which support a large hour London by day, and Paris by night. dial. Below them is a tablet, bearing The former was projected and com- the names of the founders of the buildmenced by Mr. Horner, and completed ing, and the date of its completion, in by Mr. T. E. Parris, and is certainly an bronze letters. In the ground floor of extraordinary effort of human ingenuity the centre is a bold projection, which and perseverance. The latter is a work supports the imperial arms, sustained of great artistic power, and very inte- by the deities of Ocean and Commerce. resting. The Museum of Sculpture is The wings are varied by the introduca beautiful feature of this gorgeous esta- tion of hexastyle detached colonnades blishment. The well-arranged con- of the Ionic order. Every provision servatories, with the Gothic aviary in has been made in the present building the centre, illuminated from seven to to prevent destruction by fire. The Long half-past ten; the exterior promenade, Room, rebuilt by Sir Robert Smirke, amongst the marble columns (as it were) is 190 feet long by 66 wide: it is of Greece and Rome; the chalet, and formed into three square compartments, mountain torrent; the Tête noire Pass; divided by eight massive piers, which the Polar regions; Netley Abbey ; reduce the span of the ponderous roof, model of a silver mine in work; the and form its chief support. The censtalactite caverns; the ascending room, tral dome is forty-five feet high. etc., altogether render this place one of The customs duty in the fifth year of the most celebrated in the metropolis. the reign of Elizabeth was £57,436; in Admission, 2s.; to the stalactite caverns, the year 1850, upwards of £20,000,000. 6d. extra. THE DOCKS are a grand object of CUSTOM HOUSE.-David Laing and interest, as illustrating the vast imSir Robert Smirke, architects. Com-portance and magnitude of our merpleted 1817. In the construction of this cantile interest. The chief are the East building the architect has endeavoured and West India, the London, the St. to consult utility and convenience Katherine's, and the Commercial Docks. in the arrangement of the offices and Described in the engineering departdepartments belonging to the establish- ment of this work, Chapter X. ment. The north elevation is entirely EAST INDIA HOUSE, Leadenhallplain. The southern front is seen from street.-After the designs of R. Jupp. the Thames. Its superstructure is of Commenced 1799. The East India Portland stone, the piers and springing Company may be considered as a sort stones being of granite. The centre of of commercial republic of vast posthis front, which forms the exterior of sessions, extensive influence, great the Long Room, is quite plain, except riches, and commanding power. Its the space above the entablature, which is government extends over a large tract ornamented with figures in basso-relievo of territory in a remote quarter of the and in alto-relievo, executed by Mr.J. G. globe. The primary establishment of Butt. The western compartment con- the East India Company as a trading tains a series of groups of allegorical body must be dated from the grant of figures, with their appropriate attributes, their first charter by Queen Elizabeth. alluding to the national commerce and This charter was renewed by James the power. The eastern compartment con- First in 1609, and again by Charles the sists of a continuous assemblage of Second, in return for pecuniary adfigures in varied costume, representing vances. Various charters have since the nations with which the commerce then been granted. The government of Britain is chiefly carried on. Over of the Company is vested in twenty these in the centre are two recumbent directors, at the head of which is a