Park. Was erected in 1703, on the the lantern-hall (which is adorned with site of what was originally called the four bassi-relievi, after Stothard), and Mulberry-gardens, by the learned and leads to the state rooms, which, though accomplished John Sheffield, Duke of somewhat fantastic, are very splendid. Buckingham, who died in 1720. In The grand saloon, or principal draw1761 this palace became the property ing-room, is adorned with Corinthian of the late Queen Charlotte, who made columns of imitation lapis lazuli, with it her town residence; and here all her gilt capitals, supporting a rich cornice children, with the exception of the and frieze. The floor is inlaid with eldest, were born. Here likewise several satin and Amboyna wood. The green royal marriages have taken place: the drawing-room, hung with rich damask late Duke of York and Princess Fre-drapery and gold bullion fringe, is derica of Prussia, in 1791; Duke of divided by gilt pilasters. It is ornaGloucester and Princess Mary, 1816; mented with portraits of the House of Prince of Homburg and Princess Eliza- Hanover, and two precious cabinets. beth, 1818; and the Duke of Cam- The yellow or south drawing-room has bridge and Princess of Hesse, in the columns of deep red imitation marble, same year. and mirrors of great size. The whole Between 1825 and 1830 the whole of of these apartments are superbly furthe building was remodelled, under the nished, and have lustres of great beauty. direction of Mr. Nash. The centre Besides these are the state and private being a parallelogram, from each side dining-rooms. The throne-room is

of which extended a wing, the whole richly gilt and huug with crimson silk, forming three sides of a square. In the ceiling embossed with great magni1846 extensive alterations were com-ficence, and the frieze contains bassimenced, under the direction of Mr. relievi by Bailey, after designs by StotBlore, and the present works are in hard, representing the wars of York and course of completion. The entrance- Lancaster. The imperial throne is hall is paved with variegated marble, placed in the alcove at the end of the bordered with a scroll of Sienna, cen- apartment. From this splendid room tred with puce-coloured rosettes. The a door leads into the picture gallery, a walls are of scagliola, and the ceiling is noble saloon, running nearly the whole supported by forty-four white marble length of the palace, directly in the columns, decorated with Corinthian centre, being 164 feet by 28 The piccapitals of mosaic gold. Behind the ture gallery contains some few pictures hall is a vestibule of considerable length, collected by George IV.; for descripforming a sculpture gallery, against the tion of which, see Chapter VIII. sides of which are thirty-two columns, BURLINGTON HOUSE, Piccadilly. similar to those in the entrance-hall. Gateway and colonnade within the wall, In the centre of the vestibule is the after the designs of Lord Burlington. door of the libraries, a handsome suite CARLTON CLUB-HOUSE, Pall Mall.of three rooms looking on to the garden; Architect, Mr. Sydney Smirke. Only to the right are private apartments of the west wing of this building is exe. the queen, and the staircase leading to cuted, but the Club is under contract them; and to the left are the queen's with the Commissioners of Woods to study, and three rooms for secretaries, complete the whole. The north and &c. Returning to the hall, to the left south fronts are in the Italian style; of the entrance is the grand staircase, with two orders; the lower Doric; the the stairs of which are of solid blocks upper enriched Ionic. They are exeof white marble, and the rail is richly cuted in Caen stone, except the shafts formed of mosaic gold and mahogany. of the columns and pilasters, which are The staircase ascends on either side of of red Scotch granite, highly polished.

CHARING CROSS HOSPITAL, in Agar- Under the external dome is another, street, Strand. - Mr. Decimus Bur- which supports the upper one, and also ton, architect. Is an extensive build- a third, which forms the ceiling of ing, containing wards, capable of receiv- the picture. The dome of support is ing above 100 male and female patients; hemispherical, constructed of ribs coma theatre, dispensary, and necessary posed of thin deals in thicknesses, breakoffices for the medical attendants. ing joint and spiked together, on the CHRIST'S HOSPITAL, Newgate-street. principle laid down by M. Philibert de See Chapter V. L'Orme in the 14th century, and introduced here for the first time, it is believed, in England. It has been since

CLUB CHAMBERS, in Regent-street.Mr. Decimus Burton, architect. Is a large pile of building, in the Italian adopted at the great Conservatory at Chatsworth, etc. The various subordistyle, containing eighty separate apart-nate buildings and conservatories subse ments for gentlemen, with requisite accommodation for servants. quently erected, were not designed or superintended by Mr. D. Burton, with COAL EXCHANGE, Thames - street. the exception of the large building next See Chapter V. Albany-street, which contains the CyCOLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS.-Erected clorama Exhibition. The expenditure by Sir R. Smirke. Forming a part of on the Colosseum and buildings conthe west side of Trafalgar-square. It nected with it, together with its exhibiis a Greek Ionic building, ranging on tions, must have considerably exceeded the eastern front with the Union Club- £120,000. The late Mr. Peto was the house, which was also erected by Sir contractor for the original building, Robert Smirke. The eastern façade Vide Britton's "Public Buildings of and the north end, into the entrance London," and thecontents of Colosseum, portico, are of Greek Ionic architec- Chapter V. of this work. ture; executed in Bath and Portland stone.

66

CONSERVATIVE CLUB-HOUSE, St. James's street.-Designed and superinCOLLEGE OF SURGEONS (ROYAL), tended conjointly by Messrs. S. Smirke Lincoln's-inn-fields.-Erected 1836, by and Basevi. The façade is in the Roman Mr. C. Barry. The order is Ionic, style of architecture, consisting of an with a portico; on the frieze of which order of Corinthian columns and pilasis inscribed, Collegium Regale Chi-ters, upon a rusticated basement. The rurgorum ;" and on the summit are whole executed in Caen and Portland placed the arms of the College, sup- stones. The chief feature in this Clubported by Machaon and Podalirius, two house is the arrangement of the hall, sons of Esculapius. The interior is which is lighted chiefly from a circular well arranged. For contents, see Chap-opening in the ceiling, through which is ter V. seen the domed skylight, which is im

All

THE COLOSSEUM, in the Regent's-park, mediately over, and serves to light not erected in the years 1826-7, by Mr. De- only the lower hall, but also the vesticimus Burton, to receive Mr. Horner's bule above. The interior is divided into Panorama of London, is a polygonal the usual rooms comprising such estabuilding, 132 feet diameter, of sixteen blishments, some of which are very sides, surmounted by a flat circular dome, extensive and highly decorated. the summit of which is 100 feet above the the columns are of scagliola, in imitation ground. The carriage approach is under of Sienna and other marbles, and of a hexastyle portico of the Grecian Doric different orders. Those of the morningorder, the columns of which, are of the room are Ionic; in the coffee-room, same proportions as, but exceed in di- Italian; whilst those in the evening-room mensions, those of the Parthenon. are Corinthian. In the library the square

H

pillars and pilasters have their shafts persons. There is in it a large organ, panelled with green and grey scagliola, built by Mr. Walker. See Chapter V. and their capitals bronzed. In the FISHMONGERS' HALL, on the north principal rooms of the ground-floor, side of London-bridge.-Erected 1834, the doors and other fittings are of wain- by Mr. H. Roberts, in the place of the scot oak, and the upper one of Spanish old hall erected by Sir C. Wren, but mahogany. The fittings and furniture pulled down in 1828, to form the apthroughout are of the most costly de-proaches to London-bridge. The prescription. sent building consists of a granite CONSERVATORY, or WINTER GAR-basement devoted to offices, and the suDEN, in the Royal Botanic Society's perstructure of Portland stone, on a Grounds, Regent's-park, is a plain un-level with the road, which contains the architectural building, constructed after state-rooms, etc. The road front conthe design of Mr. Decimus Burton, sists of fluted Ionic columns, with wholly of iron and glass, 176 feet in pilasters in antis, above which are the length, and 75 feet in breadth, exclusive arms of the Company, richly carved in of a circular projection, making the stone. The river front presents two central breadth 100 feet; the object of ranges, the arched basement supporting the design being to cover as large a columns bearing a pediment. There is space of garden as possible (within a preserved here a curious statue of Sir limited outlay) as a promenade in a W. Walworth, whose right hand grasps temperate atmosphere in the winter the identical dagger with which he season. The portion erected consti- struck Wat Tyler.

tutes about one-fourth of the whole FREEMASONS' HALL, Great Queendesign. Mr. R. Turner, of Dublin, was street.-Mr.T. Sandby architect. Opened the contractor. May, 1776. This is considered an eleCOVENT-GARDEN THEATRE, Bow-gant interior, both in architectural chastreet. This is one of Sir Robert racter and decoration. Its length is 92 Smirke's very earliest, as well as one of feet, breadth 43 feet, and height 60 feet. his most considerable works. It was It is built of a composed order, and the first important building in London, surrounded by an entablature and corof purely Greek Doric taste, and led to a fashion which prevailed many years. CUSTOM HOUSE, Thames-street. See Chapter V.

EAST INDIA HOUSE, Leadenhallstreet. See Chapter V.

EXCHANGE (ROYAL), Cornhill. Chapter V.

nice, supported by pilasters and square fluted columns, between which are panels, occupied by full-length portraits of illustrious persons who have been Grand Masters. The ceiling is partly coved and partly horizontal. In the centre is represented the sun, in burnished gold, surSee rounded by the twelve signs of the zodiac. At some public meetings in this hall, EXETER HALL, Strand. Erected 2,000 persons have been assembled. 1831, by Mr. Gandy Deering. This build- GATES AND LODGES IN HYDE PARK, ing is used for public meetings, concerts, at Hyde-park-corner, Stanhope-street, etc. It is in the Greco-Corinthian style, Grosvenor-street, and Knightsbridge, and until lately had a handsome trabe- after the designs of Mr. Decimus Burton, ated and deeply-coffered ceiling, which are in the Grecian style of architecture, was removed by Mr. Daukes, for the sake as well as those at Buckingham-gate, of giving elevation, and adapting the St. James's Park. The Gates at Hyde room to sound. It is 131 feet long by park-corner are in a façade, composed of 76 feet wide, and 57 feet high in the Ionic columns and three arches. The centre, the present ceiling being vaulted. iron-work of the gates and railing is of The Hall will contain upwards of 3,000 ornamental character. The attic over

the centre arch is embellished by an and above, the Examination-hall, Chapel, allegorical bas-relief, in the style of the Class-rooms, Museum, and all the other Elgin marbles, by Mr. J. Henning, re- offices necessary for the business of the presenting Britannia triumphant. This College. The façade is of Roman archi. building is incomplete, the surmounts tecture, corresponding with the general designed by the architect over the three architecture of Somerset House, of which archways, not having been yet executed. it forms an eastern wing. The building GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM, Jermyn-street is a very substantial structure of brick, and Piccadilly.-Mr. Pennethorne archi- faced with Portland stone. See also tect. Is in the Italian style. Each Chapter XII.

front is 70 feet high, having five windows LAW INSTITUTION, Chancery-lane.— on a floor. The Jermyn-street front is Erected 1829, by Mr. L. Vulliamy. The masked by a lofty central doorway, with style is Grecian Ionic hexastyle. The two square-headed windows on each Society is for the registration of attorside of it. The depth of the building neys and solicitors, previous to their obfrom Piccadilly to Jermyn-street is 150 taining certificates from the Commisfeet. For description of the Institution, sioners of Stamps.

see Chapter XII.

commerce.

LINCOLN'S INN HALL, &c.-After the

GOLDSMITHS' HALL, behind the Post- designs of Mr. Philip Hardwick. Is in office. See Chapter V. the Tudor style, of red brick, with stone GUILDHALL HALL, King-street. See dressings. The new buildings comprise Chapter V. a dining-hall, 120 feet long by 45 feet HALL OF COMMERCE, Threadneedle- wide, by 64 feet high; a library, 80 street.-Erected 1843, by E. Moxhay. feet long, 40 feet wide, by 45 feet high, The most striking feature of this build- on the same floor, and connected by a ing is the bas-relief, which extends nearly lofty vestibule, out of which opens two the whole length of the building, and is large rooms for the use of the benchers intended to demonstrate the advantages, of the Inn. The hall and library have moral and physical, attendant upon open roofs of oak; in both rooms the windows are partially filled with stained HORSE GUARDS, St. James's. See glass. In the screen in the hall are Chapter V. figures of distinguished members of the HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, Westmin- Inn; the names are written underneath. ster. See Chapter V. In the council-room and drawing-room IMPERIAL LIFE ASSURANCE OFFICE, is the finest collection of prints of judges, Threadneedle-street, City.—Is of Port-chancellors, and other distinguished land stone. It is an astylar composi- lawyers in England. The library contion, of palazzo character, consisting of a tains a magnificent collection of books, ground-floor and two upper floors, with in number about 25,000. The kitchen enriched string courses, a deep cor- is a fine vaulted apartment, and deserves nicione, and an eaves roof, covered with notice. Italian tiles, laid in ridges.

LINDSEY HOUSE, Lincoln's-inn-fields. IRONMONGERS' HALL, Fenchurch--Another of Inigo Jones's specimens street.-Erected 1748, by Thos. Holden, of domestic architecture, which in its in the Italian style. The banqueting- time was much admired. The style is hall has been recently redecorated by Ionic, with an open balustrade at the Messrs. Jackson and Co., in carton-pierre. top, which was originally surmounted There is a fine portrait of Admiral Hood, by six urns. At No. 59 (part of this by Gainsborough. house) is a good mantel-piece.

KING'S COLLEGE, Somerset House.- LOWTHER ARCADE, Strand.-Erected Erected by Sir Robt. Smirke, comprises 1830, by Mr. J. Turner. It is occupied the Schools, which occupy the basement, by toy-sellers principally, and runs from

the Strand into Adelaide-street. The MODEL DWELLINGS for the Labouring style is Greco-Italian, with pendentive Classes.-Instituted by the Society for domes. Improving the Condition of the LabourMANSION HOUSE, Poultry. Seeing Classes. George-street, BloomsChapter V. bury, for 104 single men. StreathamMANSION in the Regent's Park.-street, Bloomsbury, for 48 families. Erected by Mr. Decimus Burton, for Jas. Bagnigge Wells, for 23 families and 30 Holford, Esq., is in the classic style, aged women. The honorary architect presenting a north and south façade, of this Society is Mr. Henry Roberts, each 250 feet in length. On the south F.S.A. front is a tetrastyle portico of the MONUMENT, Fish-street-hill. Corinthian order, and on the entrance Chapter V. front a carriage portico. There are nu- MUSEUM OF COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, merous reception-rooms on the ground- Lincoln's-inn-fields. See Chapter V. floor, comprising a picture gallery, NATIONAL GALLERY, Trafalgarsaloon, banqueting-room, three draw-square. See Chapter V. ing-rooms, billiard-room, dining-room, NEW OXFORD-STREET. statue gallery, two libraries, &c. styles of architecture, and extensive new

See

- Various

MANSION OF H. T. HOPE, ESQ., M.P., building for Bazaar. at the corner of Piccadilly and Down- OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE CLUB-HOUSE, street.-Architects, Professor Donald- Pall Mall.--Erected 1838. Designed and son and M. Dusillion, of Paris. The superintended conjointly by Sir Robert character of the façades is in the free and Mr. Sydney Smirke. The façade French taste, approximating to the Re- is an Italian style of architecture, withnaissance, and the interior is fitted up out columns, except the porch, which in the most superb style, with marble has coupled Corinthian columns. The floors to the vestibule and hall, marble bas - reliefs over the upper windows staircase, parquetted floors, painted cei- were designed by the late Robert Smirke, lings, and the dressings and joinery of the R. A., and executed by Nichol. This drawing-room floor are of marqueterie front is executed partly in Portland work, composed of mahogany, satin, stone and partly in cement. ebony, and rose-wood, the panels inlaid PALACE, ST. JAMES'S.. See Chapter V. with choice marbles. The liberality, PANTHEON, Oxford-street.-Was oritaste, and experience of the owner, whose ginally built by James Wyatt for musirefined judgment is so well known, have cal entertainments, &c., was subsequently seconded the professional skill and ima- converted into a theatre, and, after reginative conceptions of his architects. maining in Chancery and disused for The peculiar style of the fronts was not many years, was partially taken down at first understood by the public and and rebuilt, 1834, in its present form, many critics; it was new, and the upon a more extensive area, from the public mind was not prepared for such designs of Mr. S. Smirke. The Pana decided departure from the usual rou- theon is now used as a bazaar, consertine of London architecture. Fami-vatory, and aviary, and is a fashionable liarity has contributed to make its pecu- lounge. There are also a few pictures, liar features better appreciated, and which are placed here for sale. many, who at first were disposed to No. 19, PARK-LANE.-House, by Mr. condemn, are now prepared to approve, Moffatt, in the latest Perpendicular and the Hope Mansion may possibly Gothic style. lead the way to still greater departures PIAZZA, Covent-garden. - Erected from the ordinary character of the street 1633, by Inigo Jones. This arcade was architecture of the metropolis. much admired when first erected. It is now so covered with paint and plaster,

MINT, Tower-hill. See Chapter V.