Wadham College, Oxford, founded. A.D. 1611. The parliament is dissolved, Feb. 9.

A new translation of the Bible (the present authorized version) completed. George Abbot", bishop of London, is translated to Canterbury, April.

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The British plantation or colonization of Ulster is commenced: the plan laid down is but imperfectly carried out.

He was born at Guildford in 1562, was educated at the freeschool there, and then went to Balliol College, Oxford; he became eminent as a preacher, was made master of University College, and thrice held the office of vice-chancellor. He was one of the translators of the Bible, and, though a doctrinal Calvinist, laboured, under the direction of King James, to re-establish episcopacy in Scotland. His services were rewarded with the sees of Lichfield, London, and Canterbury, bestowed in quick succession, but his primacy especially had an unfortunate effect, as he gave free scope to the puritanical spirit which his immediate predecessors (Whitgift and Bancroft) had kept within bounds, at the same time that he rendered the Church unpopular with many, by pushing the proceedings of the High Commission Court to a degree of severity that they had not before reached, and which was usually ascribed to his morose temper. In 1621 he had the misfortune to kill a man accidentally, and though he survived this event many years, his influence was extinct. Several bishops elect declined to receive ordination at his hands, (Laud was one,) he was formally suspended from office, under the plea of ill-health, but, in reality, from his opposition to the doctrine of absolute power, which some of the clergy began to preach, and at last he died, worn out with infirmities, Aug. 4, 1633, and was buried at his native place. His brother, Robert, became bishop of Salisbury, and died in 1617.

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The lands were to be divided into lots of 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 acres; buildings in proportion were to be erected on each, and none but British settlers admitted. Much of the land, however, was not taken possession of by the "undertakers," as they were styled, but was allowed to remain in the hands of the natives; on the other hand, some parties fraudulently obtained ten times as much land as they paid for, and the towns that they were bound to build were never erected. The citizens of London received a vast allotment, but did not fulfil all the legal conditions, for which they were prosecuted in the Starchamber in the next reign.

The order of Baronets established; the first patent, to Nicholas Bacon, is dated May 22.

Sir Thomas Sherley, an English adventurer, arrives in England, as ambassador from the shah of Persia ; he is very honourably received, and concludes a commercial treaty.

The king's cousin, Arabella Stuart, is committed to the Tower for contracting marriage without the royal license y, June 5.

The Baronets' Badge.

The English merchants are allowed to establish a factory at Surat; they are attacked by the Portuguese, but beat them off. In the following year they extend their trade to Java and Sumatra.

A.D. 1612. Bartholomew Legate, an Arian, is burnt in Smithfield, March 18; as is another heretic, Edmund Wightman, at Lichfield, April 11.

The minister Cecil dies, May 24; he is succeeded in power by Robert Carr, viscount Rochester.

Prince Henry dies, Nov. 6; he is buried at Westminster, Dec. 7.

* Its avowed intention was to provide a fund for the defence of the English settlement in Ulster, each knight or esquire who received it engaging to support thirty foot-soldiers for two years; but this, as well as the original limitation of number to two hundred, was soon abandoned. Baronets of Ireland were established in 1619, and baronets of Nova Scotia in 1625.

She married William Seymour, the grandson of Edward, earl of Hertford, whose unhappy marriage with lady Katherine Grey has been already noticed, (see p. 262.) Arabella died in confinement Seymour escaped to the continent, and returning after many years of exile, took part in the civil war, and eventually became duke of Somerset.

A.D. 1613. The princess Elizabeth is married to the Elector Palatine", Feb. 14.

A.D. 1614. The parliament meets April 5, and is dissolved June 7, without passing a single act.

Both houses of parliament take the sacrament for the discovery of concealed Romanists, but none refuse, April 7.

A large sum of money is raised by a benevolence".

A.D. 1615. Sir Thomas Roe sent on an embassy to the Great Mogul, Jan.

The lady Arabella Stuart dies in the Tower, Sept. 27

A.D. 1616. Sir Walter Ralegh is released from the Tower, March 20 d.

The earl and countess of Somerset are tried before

A feudal aid was levied on this occasion also, which was conformable to the practice of earlier kings, but this could not reconcile the people to it; it produced but £20,500, while the expenses were above £50,000, exclusive of the marriage portion, which was £40,000 more.

It was in consequence nicknamed the "addled parliament." They complained of interference by the court in elections, declined to grant any supplies until various grievances were redressed, questioned the king's right to levy arbitrary impositions and grant monopolies, and clamoured loudly against Williams, bishop of Lincoln, who was said to have justified the exactions, and to have charged the commons with disloyalty. They were dismissed in anger by the king, and several of their members imprisoned.

A gentleman (Oliver St. John) was fined £5,000 in the Starchamber for condemning such a mode of raising money as contrary to law, reason, and religion. Coke, the chief justice, expressed the same opinion, and this was one cause of his subsequent disgrace. She had lost her reason through the severity of her confinement, and her unhappy fate is a deep blemish on the memory of James.

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He sailed in March, 1617, on an expedition to Guiana, which miscarried, and soon after his return he was, on the complaint of Gondomar, the Spanish ambassador, whose brother had been killed in resisting the adventurers, committed to the Tower.

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their peers, and convicted of procuring the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury, May 24, 25o.

Brill and the other cautionary towns are delivered up to the Hollanders', May 27.

Coke, the chief justice, is deprived of his office, Nov. 8 A.D. 1617. Sir Francis Bacon is made lord keeper1, March 7.

The king visits Scotland, and re-establishes the bishops there in their former rightful supremacy.

The archbishop of Spalatro, (Mark Antony de Dominis, a Jesuit,) conforms to the English Churchi.

A.D. 1618. The king publishes a proclamation, allowing of various sports on Sundays after the hours of divine service, May 24.

The Articles of Perth are agreed to by the General Assemblyk, Aug. 25.

e Overbury was a courtier of bad character, who attached himself to the rising fortunes of the favourite, but offended him by endeavouring to dissuade him from marrying the divorced countess of Essex. To get rid of him, he was ordered to proceed on a foreign embassy, was committed to the Tower for refusing, and died there after a six months' rigorous confinement, Sept. 15, 1613. Weston, a warder of the Tower, and other agents, were executed for poisoning him, but the earl and countess escaped condign punishment.

They paid a considerable sum in ready money to the king, but it was less than one-third of what had been lent them by Elizabeth.

He had been remarkable for his servility to the court; on his disgrace, which he mainly owed to his overbearing conduct on the bench, he joined the popular party, and became a vehement denouncer of the prerogative.

h He was made lord chancellor the next year.

i He was made dean of Windsor, May 13, 1618, but returned to the Roman communion in 1622; he died in Italy in the following year, when his body was burnt by the Inquisition.

This was commonly known as the Book of Sports;" it was very offensive to the Puritans, and Archbishop Abbot would not allow it to be read in churches, as directed; James suffered the matter to drop, but his successor revived it.

They had been proposed when the king was in Scotland, and rejected, and were now, as the Presbyterians alleged, carried by

The Protestants in Bohemia offer the crown to the Elector Palatine, (the son-in-law of the king). His cause is warmly espoused by the English, but the king declines to assist him.

Sir Walter Ralegh is beheaded, on his former sentence, Oct. 291.

The synod of Dort held, in which English divines are presentm.

A.D. 1619. The trade of the English and the Dutch in the East India Islands regulated by treaty", July 7.

A.D. 1620. The parliament meets Jan. 30.

Many preachers in Scotland inveigh against episcopal government; they are deprived of their cures, but soon restored.

The king orders Romish recusants to be released from prison.

corrupt influences. The articles were five in number; they ordered the Lord's supper to be received kneeling; allowed of private baptism, the communion of the sick, and confirmation; and directed Christmas and the other holy seasons to be observed as in England.

1 See p. 337. This, after so many years' respite, was unquestionably cruel, and his death was very displeasing to the people in general, as he was considered as sacrificed to forward the alliance with Spain; they preferred war with that power, as ultimately came to pass.

m The extreme Calvinistic doctrines prevailed here, and the Arminians were condemned without a hearing. The English divines were Carleton, bishop of Llandaff; Davenant and Hall, afterwards bishops of Salisbury and Exeter; Ward, master of Sydney-Sussex College, Cambridge; and Bancanqual, a Scottish episcopalian.

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The conditions of this treaty were badly observed on both sides. In February, 1623, the Dutch tortured to death several of the English factors in Amboyna, under pretence of their having intrigued with the natives; reparation for this barbarous act was not obtained until the time of the Commonwealth.

• The reason assigned was, that Protestants might thereby receive better treatment in foreign countries, but in England the measure was looked on only as intended to conciliate the Spaniards, with whom the king was anxious to form an alliance.