tices of the peace, or to execute any commission under the crown; any such acts done by them were to be void a.

Several statutes were passed for "the speedy and effectual reducing of the rebels in His Majesty's kingdom of Ireland." A body of soldiers was ordered to be pressed [c. 28], and contributions were solicited [c. 30]; but these being uncertain, a levy of £400,000 was decreed, to be paid into the chambers of London and York [c. 32]; beside which, as "divers worthy and well-affected persons had perceived that many millions of acres of the rebels' lands of that kingdom which go under the name of profitable lands would be confiscate and to be disposed of," 2,500,000 acres were at once offered to persons who would adventure money; the sums were to be paid into the Chamber of London, in four instalments, and corporations were allowed to subscribe, [cc. 33, 34, 35]. Very large sums were thus raised, but they were mainly applied to the purposes of the parliament in England, and the settlers in Ireland were left almost entirely to their own re

sources.

b

The queen passes over to Holland, where she sells or pawns the crown jewels, and buys arms and military stores for the king, February.

a The king was with much difficulty induced to give his consent to this act, and its repeal was one of the earliest measures at the Restoration, [13 Car. II. c. 2].

b They were divided into lots of 1,000 acres each, "all according to the English measure, and consisting of meadow, arable, and profitable pasture; the bogs, woods, and barren mountains being cast in over and above." The sum paid was different for each province. In Ulster the price was £200; in Connaught £300; in Munster £450; in Leinster £600.

The pretext for this journey was the marriage of her daughter Mary to William, prince of Orange, the Stadtholder.

The king retires to Theobalds, Feb. 28; the parliament again desire the control of the militiad, and beg that he will not withdraw from London, March 1; he declines compliance®.

The parliament direct the earl of Northumberland, lord high admiral, to take the command of the fleet, in order to prevent the landing of supplies from the queen 8.

The earls of Pembroke and Holland, and some members of the Commons, are sent to the king at Newmarket, March 9, to remonstrate on his proceedings; an angry conference ensuesh. On their return the Houses vote that the king's absence is fatal to the affairs of Ireland, and that those who have advised it are justly to be suspected as favourers of the rebellion there.

The parliament vote that their ordinance for the defence of the kingdom is to be obeyed, and that the

d Though styled a petition, their communication was more like a threat, as they told the king that if he should not be pleased to follow their humble advice, they should be constrained, to prevent future fears and jealousies, to settle that necessary business of the militia without him. They acted up to this by ordinances, Feb. 26, and March 5, 1642, which appointed fifty-five persons commissioners of array, with power to suppress "all insurrections, rebellions, and invasions."

The king journeyed on, by easy stages, to York: he reached Royston, March 3; Newmarket, 7; Huntingdon, 14; Stamford, 15; Newark, 17; Doncaster, 18; York, 19. While at Huntingdon he visited the remarkable establishment of the Ferrars at Little Gidding. See Notes and Illustrations.

The earl of Warwick was his lieutenant; the king sent Sir John Pennington to obtain possession of the fleet, but he failed.

A ship-load of stores sent by her was captured, but several vessels arrived safely, and an ordinance was passed Dec. 10, 1642, for fitting out a fleet of cruisers.

To a charge of consenting to Jermyn's design of bringing in the army to coerce the parliament (see p. 408), the king answered, "It is false;" and, when taxed with the treason of Captain Legg, "That's a lie."

king's commissions of lieutenancy are illegal and void, April 15.

The king sends a message to the parliament from Huntingdon, offering to proceed to Ireland, and informing them that he has prepared a bill concerning the militia; they return no answer.

The king is refused entrance into Hull, by Sir John Hotham, April 23; he complains to the parliament, but they justify Hotham, and remove the arms and stores to London.

The king and the parliament exchange their bills about the militia, but no agreement can be effected.

The parliament direct their ordinance for the militia to be carried out, May 5; the king denounces it as illegal, and summons the gentry of York to form a guard for the protection of his person

The parliament vote this treason, and order all sheriffs and others to oppose it, May 28.

The king in return declares the ordinance for the militia treasonable, and summons the people of Yorkshire to repair to him; the parliament forbid them to do so.

Lord Falkland, (Lucius Cary,) Mr. Hydek, and several

In pursuance of this, the parliament mustered six regiments of the London trained bands, under Skippon, in Finsbury-fields, May 10; on hearing of it, the king assembled a troop of horse, and one regiment of foot; the horsemen were gentry who served at their own charge, but the foot were paid weekly by the king.

k They had before held correspondence clandestinely with him. Lord Falkland became secretary of state, and was killed at Newbury; Mr. Hyde was made chancellor of the exchequer.

Edward Hyde was born in Wiltshire in 1608, and was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford. On the decline of the royal cause he found shelter in Jersey for awhile, and was a valued adherent of Charles II. in exile. At the Restoration he was made lord chancellor, and earl of Clarendon, but soon became unpopular, being accused of corruption; a charge to which the sale of Dunkirk and his own mag

other moderate members of the parliament, withdraw, and repair to the king. In consequence, all the members are ordered to attend the Houses, on pain of forfeiting £100 towards the expenses of the Irish war1.

The parliament send propositions of peacem to the king, June 2; he rejects them.

The lord-keeper, Littleton, sends the great seal to the king, and shortly after leaves the parliament and joins him, early in June.

The king makes a solemn declaration before his peers and councillors at York of his intention to exercise a legal government, June 13; the assembly in general signify their adhesion to him.

The king invites his people to supply him with money, horses, and arms, pledging his parks and forests for their repayment.

nificent style of living, gave probability. He was in 1667 deprived of office, and banished by act of parliament, [19 & 20 Car. II. c. 2]; he passed through France to Montpellier, and then back to Rouen where he died, Dec. 9, 1674. His daughter Anne became the wife of the duke of York, and the mother of two queens. Lord Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, and his Life, though in some places partial and in others inaccurate, are indispensable to the historical student.

1 Many of the absentees were by another vote deprived of their

seats.

m

They were nineteen in number. They desired that the king's council should not consist of less than fifteen, or more than twentyfour members; that these and the great officers of state should be subject to the approval of parliament; that an oath should be taken by them for the maintenance of the Petition of Right; that the education and marriages of the royal family should be subject to the consent of parliament; the militia and the castles of the kingdom placed in their hands; delinquents left to justice; the laws against Romanists executed, and Romish peers excluded from parliament, firm alliance made only with Protestant states; reparation made to any who had been deprived of office, or prosecuted (as the earl or Essex, Lord Kimbolton, the five members, &c.), and a general pardon granted, with such exceptions only as the Houses might require.

The king visits Lincoln and Nottingham, in July, and makes a similar declaration to that at York.

The earl of Leicester (Robert Sydney) is appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland, June 14; he does not go there, and the office is bestowed (Nov. 13) on the marquis of Ormond".

The Houses vote that an army shall be raised "for the defence of the king and parliament," appointing the earl of Essex captain-general, and the earl of Bedford (William Russell) general of the horse, July 12.

The king proclaims Essex and his officers guilty of treason, (Aug. 2,) and orders the marquis of Hertford, (William Seymour,) his lieutenant-general, to march against them.

The parliament vote the king's commissioners of array to be traitors, Aug. 9.

The king sets up his standard at Nottingham, Monday, August 22.

The king sends propositions of accommodation to the parliament, Aug 25; they decline to entertain them, while his standard continues spread, and they are de

"James Butler, successively earl, marquis, and duke of Ormond, was born in London in 1610, and was educated by Archbishop Abbot. He is favourably known for his honest and able government of Ireland, of which country he was four times lord-lieutenant; namely, from 1642 to 1647; 1648 to 1650; 1662 to 1669; and 1677 to 1685. He passed several years in poverty with the exiled king, and on the Restoration experienced little gratitude from him for all his sufferings and losses. Ormond did not long survive his last recall from his post, dying July 21, 1688.

Robert Devereux, son of the favourite of Elizabeth. He had served in the Low Countries, and was esteemed a good general. A committee was, however, associated with him, "to take subscriptions of loans, and order matters concerning malignants, and consider of the good of the army." He was displaced on the remodelling of the army, and died in 1646.