HE FULL TITLE OF THIS WORK IS LUCK, OR Cunning, as the main means of Organic Modification? An attempt to throw additional light upon Darwin's theory of Natural Selection. Though dated 1887 it appeared at the end of 1886. In 1920 a new and corrected edition was published from which the Shrewsbury Edition is now printed.

Between 1881, when he published Alps and Sanctuaries, and 1886, Butler brought out a volume entitled Selections from Previous Works. With Remarks on Mr. G. J. Romanes' "Mental Evolution in Animals"; and A Psalm of Montreal (1884). This volume is not reprinted, as a volume, in the Shrewsbury Edition, because almost all the matter contained in it occurs in one volume or another of the series. As is stated in the prefatory Notes to Butler's earlier books, any alterations that he made in the text of such portions of those books as he reprinted in Selections have been embodied in the text as given in the Shrewsbury Edition. Of the other items in Selections, Remarks on Mr. G. J. Romanes' Mental Evolution in Animals " was used by Butler to make chapter 4 of Luck, or Cunning? (see post, p. 37); and " A Psalm of

Montreal" is included with his other Poems at the end of the volume containing the Note-Books.

1924.

H.F.J.
A.T.B.

T

HIS SECOND EDITION OF LUCK,OR CUNNING? is a reprint of the first edition, dated 1887, but actually published in November 1886. The only alterations of

any consequence are in the Index, which has been enlarged by the incorporation of numerous entries made by the author in a copy of the book which came into my possession on the death of his literary executor, Mr. R. A. Streatfeild. I thank Mr. G. W. Webb, of the University Library, Cambridge, for the care and skill with which he has made the necessary alterations; it was a troublesome job because owing to the re-setting, the pagination was no longer the

same.

Luck, or Cunning? is the fourth of Butler's evolution books; it was followed in 1890 by three articles in The Universal Review entitled "The Deadlock in Darwinism" (republished in Collected Essays), after which he published no more upon that subject.

In this book, as he says in his Introduction, he insists upon two main points: (1) the substantial identity between heredity and memory, and (2) the reintroduction of design into organic development; and these two points he treats as though they have something of that physical life with which they are so closely associated. He was aware that what he had to say was likely to prove more interesting to future generations than to his immediate public, "but any book that desires to see out a literary three-score years and ten must offer something to future generations as well as to its own." By next year one half of the three-score years and ten will have passed, and the new generation by their constant enquiries for the work have already begun to show their appreciation of Butler's method of treating the subject, and their readiness to listen to what was addressed to them as well as to their fathers.

March 1920.

H.F.J.