The Foundations of ZoölogyMacmillan, 1899 - Всего страниц: 339 Presents a series of lectures from the 1800's which show that life is a response to the order of nature. Includes lectures on nature and nurture, migration, zoology, and the philosophy of evolution. |
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Стр. 12
... expect , and this is as true when they are beneficial as it is when they mislead . If the adjustments between living things and the external world were always beneficial , I do not see how the question whether or not their actions are ...
... expect , and this is as true when they are beneficial as it is when they mislead . If the adjustments between living things and the external world were always beneficial , I do not see how the question whether or not their actions are ...
Стр. 27
... expect ; although we must ask whether we find in nature any reason why what we expect must happen ; whether natural selection is an efficient cause , or only a generalization from experience ; and whether experience is not itself a ...
... expect ; although we must ask whether we find in nature any reason why what we expect must happen ; whether natural selection is an efficient cause , or only a generalization from experience ; and whether experience is not itself a ...
Стр. 50
... expect . It is also clear that we might understand them , in this sense of the word , even if they grew , like animals , ready made ; although it is equally clear that we should ask , in this case , how they became fitted for human ...
... expect . It is also clear that we might understand them , in this sense of the word , even if they grew , like animals , ready made ; although it is equally clear that we should ask , in this case , how they became fitted for human ...
Стр. 59
... expect . The gun does not go off until the cap is exploded , but it hits the mark because it is aimed . While the distinction between the stim- ulus to a vital change and the nature of the change itself is obvious enough in simple cases ...
... expect . The gun does not go off until the cap is exploded , but it hits the mark because it is aimed . While the distinction between the stim- ulus to a vital change and the nature of the change itself is obvious enough in simple cases ...
Стр. 67
... expect . Improvement of our muscles under exercise is the outcome of structural adjustments for bringing this useful end about it is an adaptation ; and the heart is as obviously fitted for improve- ment by use as it is for propelling ...
... expect . Improvement of our muscles under exercise is the outcome of structural adjustments for bringing this useful end about it is an adaptation ; and the heart is as obviously fitted for improve- ment by use as it is for propelling ...
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Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
actions adaptive adjustment admit Agassiz ancestors animals argument Aristotle artificial selection assertion believe beneficial Berkeley birds body bottom breeding Cambrian causation cause changes chick confidence conscious contrivance crustacea Darwin deaf discover doubt echinoderms effect eggs embryology essay evidence expect experience explanation external world fact fauna fitness Galton hold human Huxley individuals influence inheritance instinct Lamarck Lamarckian language larvæ LECTURE living things matter mean mechanical migration mind modern mutability of species natural knowledge natural selection natural theology naturalists necessary nurture ocean opinion order of nature orderly organic origin of species Paley parents pelagic phenomena physical basis plants principles proof properties protoplasm Protozoa prove question reason response says scientific seed seems sense siphonophore stimulus structure struggle for existence suppose teleology tells thought tion truth whole words zoea zoologist zoology
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Стр. 309 - ... the passage from the current to the needle, if not demonstrable, is thinkable, and that we entertain no doubt as to the final mechanical solution of the problem. But the passage from the physics of the brain to the corresponding facts of consciousness is unthinkable. Granted that a definite thought, and a definite molecular action in the brain occur simultaneously ; we do not possess the intellectual organ, nor apparently any rudiment of the organ, which would enable us to pass, by a process...
Стр. 40 - If the properties of water may be properly said to result from the nature and disposition of its component molecules, I can find no intelligible ground for refusing to say that the properties of protoplasm result from the nature and disposition of its molecules.
Стр. 108 - But where to find that happiest spot below, Who can direct, when all pretend to know ? The shuddering tenant of the frigid zone Boldly proclaims that happiest spot his own; Extols the treasures of his stormy seas, And his long nights of revelry and ease.
Стр. 339 - I had found a watch upon the ground, and it should be inquired how the watch happened to be in that place, I should hardly think of the answer which I had before given, that for any thing I knew the watch might have always been there.
Стр. 217 - Consequently, if the theory be true, it is indisputable that before the lowest Cambrian stratum was deposited long periods elapsed, as long as, or probably far longer than, the whole interval from the Cambrian age to the present day ; and that during these vast periods the world swarmed with living creatures.
Стр. 63 - I CANNOT call Riches better than the baggage of virtue. The Roman word is better, im-pedimenta. For as the baggage is to an army, so is riches to virtue. It cannot be spared nor left behind, but it hindereth the march; yea and the care of it sometimes loseth or disturbeth the victory.
Стр. 296 - But when, as commonly happens, we change will into must, we introduce an idea of necessity which most assuredly does not lie in the observed facts, and has no warranty that I can discover elsewhere. For my part, I utterly repudiate and anathematise the intruder. Fact I know; and Law I know; but what is this Necessity save an empty shadow of my own mind's throwing?
Стр. 296 - Simply that in all human experience, stones have fallen to the ground under these conditions; that we have not the smallest reason for believing that any stone so circumstanced will not fall to the ground ; and that we have on the contrary every reason to believe that it will so fall.